Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Book Review: Friis, I., van Breugel, P., Weber, O., Sebsebe Demissew, 2022. The Western Woodlands of Ethiopia
No full textThe Western Woodlands of Ethiopia describes the woodland vegetation of western Ethiopia, which has been less studied compared to other parts of the country. The study of the flora and vegetation on the Horn of Africa has resulted in many, much-needed publications, considering the importance of the Horn as one of the significant biodiversity hot spots in the world. With this great publication, Friis and his collaborators have given the world the first detailed description of the woodlands of western Ethiopia
Size, Distribution, and Practices of Large-Scale Agricultural Investment in Ethiopia: Past and Present
Get PDFThe main aim of this study is to systematically analyze the size, distribution,and practices of large-scale agricultural investment (LSAI) in Ethiopia betweenthe 1950s and 2000s. This period coincides with the Ethiopian modern regimesof Emperor Haile Selassie I, Derg, and the Ethiopian People’s RevolutionaryDemocratic Front (EPRDF). This article is based on both primary andsecondary data obtained from various sources and complemented by datacollected through interviews. Particularly, a systematic review of the pertinentliterature was carried out to understand the issue at hand. LSAI was foundedand grew in size and number during the Imperial regime, but they were crushedby the successor government, which followed a socialist development model.However, such investment was invigorated by the EPRDF regime, got a newidentity, and became an integral component of its economic developmentpolicies and strategies. Lowland areas occupied by pastoralists and agropastoralistshave been the focus of the three regimes. Even if LSAI issignificantly increased in terms of number, size, type, and distribution,especially during the EPRDF era, its benefit to the country and local people hasbeen an area of debate and empirical investigation. Provided that there is agrowing pressure on the land and livelihood systems of the local people, seriousattention should be given by all development actors to the issue of LSAI
SEX-ROLE STEREOTYPICAL ATTITUDES OF THE SOCIETY TOWARDS FEMALES AS LEADERS
Get PDFThis study attempted to investigate the eXlstlng attitudes of the societytowards females as leaders, and to examine whether there were differencesin the sex-role stereotypical attitudes of the society towards females asleaders among various religious, educational, age, and sex groups. Fivehundred and two individuals were taken randomly from Bahir Dar, Dessie,and Gonder town to fill out questionnaires. Moreover, interviews wereconducted with 20 individuals to get their views on women 's roles inleadership positions and decision-making sit~ations. MANOVA,;I, t-test,and multiple regre~sion analyses were employed in the analyses of theresults. The results obtained portrayed that the society holds stereotypedattitudes towards females' role in leadership. That is, the society does notregard females as efficient and appropriate for leadership'. Significantvariations were not found among tlte 5ubjects on those attributes treated inthis study. The society also seemed to favor the traditional leadership role
The 'Chat-Chewing Habit' and Its Incidental Interdependence with Alcohol-Drinking Among AAU, Main Campus Male Undergraduate Regular Students
Get PDFThis sWdy was carried out Oil a sample of 123 mole. A.A.U,main campus regular undergraduate slLldents in the academic year 2000101.The main questions of tltis study are related to the prevalellce of chat,alcohol and their combined use, both ill frequency alld extellt of lise, amollgthe student population under sllldy.The instrument and procedures used ill this specific study is based all thatfirst developed by Allelle Tessema (1992) with modification. The researcherapplied different statistics such as: ANOVA, percelltage. Pearson 's productmoment correlation, chi-square pr), Schefle's method of multiplecomparisons, Cramer 's phi (@) and Index of Predictive AssociatiollStarisfics in analyzing the data.The researcher found that 43 percent of the to/(l1 participants or 89.77percent of the chat users joined 'he University wirh chat lise habit. Thesestudents are also found to be heavy users of char. The study filrlher showsthat 60 percent of the total participants were users of chat, while 46.7percent of them were alcohol users. Of all the participallfs, 30 percellt werecombined users. What is interesting is that 75 percent of the total chat usersand 71.43 percent of the total alcohol users were found to be heavy users.In analyzing the relalions between chat and alcohol use to the backgroundvariables, religion is found to be associated with chat alld alcohol use, bothin frequency and extellt of use.III relatioll to chat and alcohol lise interdependence. half a/the total chatusers are found to be users of alcohol. There was also a significantcorrelatioll (r :::: 0.47) between participants' allilLlde towards char alldalcohol use
MAIZE MARKETING IN ETHIOPIA: LIBERALIZATION AND PRICE INTEGRATION ISSUES
Get PDF: The objectives of the paper were to (a) assess the effect of marketliberalization process in the grain sub-sector; (b) study the maize marketing system;and (c) estimate the maize price integration and its dynamic impact on various marketsin Ethiopia. The analysis was based on the rural household survey of the GrainMarketing Research Project (GMRP) in 1996 alld wholesale price data of EthiopianGrain Trading Enterprise (EGTE). The results indicated that . there were clear policydecisions to transform the entire economy into market-led economic system. The reformprocess improved the efficiency and jlow of grain into markets. Maize productionvariability has been very high in Ethiopia in the last 36 years, particularly after thereform. The distribution of marketed maize by households was highly skewed and about30 percent of the maize was marketed in 1996. The results of the co-integration testindicated that there was short-run integration between Addis Ababa (central market)and the rest of the markets in the study. The long-ron and short-nm co-integration testindicated that maize markets were strongly integrated. Although the significantreduction of government intervention enhanced the efficiency of marketing, thegovernment should selectively intervene by developing market centers, disseminatingprice and production information, implementing quality and grade standards,improving the legal system and infrastructure, and supporting the development ofprivate grain trad
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ETHIOPIAN BALANCE OF TRADE
Get PDFDuring the past four years the financial world has witnessed substantial chan~ges in the par value of most countries' currencies. The realignment of currenciesbegan in May of 1971 when Germany and the Netherlands decided to allowtheir cu rrencies to float as a result of a large influx of American dollar
THE IQQUB: TOWARDS THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF AN ETHIOPIAN SA VINGS. AND CREDIT ASSOCIATION (ROSCAl
Get PDFRotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) haveremained popular ill many developing coulitries, despite the (!.tpa llsion offormal finanCial institutions. Iqqub, the Ethiopian ROSCA, has gainedenormOliS popularity among people from all walks of life over the pastdecades. Perhaps, its popularity is surpassed ollly by its sister institution,the iddir. Howe)ler, our understanding of iqqub has remained limited and itsrelative size has remained un/mown to researchers. This study attempts toanalyze the major aspects of iqqub and generate rough estimates of irspotemials ill contributing to domestic saving mobilization efforts in nlralareas. Using a review of the available literature and results of the fourrounds of Ethiopian Rural Household Surveys (ERHS). the study hasgenerated qualitative and quantitative evidence of the economic potentialsof the iqqub. It has also argued that these potentials have resulted from theenormous capacity of this institution to be flexible, adaptable and accessibleunder different conditions. The findings of the study could p'rOvide food forthought for development actors illleresled in mobilizing already availableinstitutions and k,;owledge systems of rural peopl
Determinants of ICT Adoption for Strategic Communication: Evidences from Selected Banks in Addis Ababa
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the level and determinants of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption for strategic communication in the banking sector in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study employed comparative research design on two privately owned banks and one government bank. Data were collected from 306 respondents, from which 110 were from government bank and 196 from private banks. The tool was designed on Google Form to gather information from respondents using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). The level of ICT adoption and use for strategic communication were assessed and compared using mean and Standard Deviation (SD) values between private and government owned banks. A structural equation model (with p-value<0.05) was also used to carry out the analysis. The result of the study indicated that the satisfaction level of ICT adoption and utilization were high (average score of about 75%) and were analogous in both private and government banks drawing implications to the comprehensive uses of ICT's benefits. Furthermore, the study also revealed that organizational factor was one of the determinants for ICT adoption in the banking sector. However, neither technological nor environmental factors were found to be significant predictors of ICT adoption for strategic communication. Therefore, banks in Ethiopia should invest more in creating awareness on the constraining and enabling role of organizational factors that affect strategic communication in bank's performance in Ethiopia
Visible and Invisible Actors in Urban Management and Emerging Trends of Informalization; A Case Study from Kolfe-Keranio Sub-City Addis Ababa
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Famine and its Causes in the Perspective of the Modern Geographical Thoughts
No full textThe paper argues that famine researches, based on various philosophies of contemporary geography would generate knowledge with different perspectives. Positivists mainly seek to identify factors that induce famine. An in-depth understanding of the processes of famine must rely upon humanists’ approaches. In cases where investigations on famines are made in regard to poverty alleviation through empowering the poor and other marginal segments of a society, structuralism approaches become the most appropriate. It is concluded that famine being a multi-faceted socio-economic problem, and hence a research depending on single philosophical underpinning cannot come out with comprehensive knowledge of it. Therefore, a research project that entertains positivists, humanists and structuralists at a time can come up with somehow complete insights and observations, which in turn enable to prevent citizens from the agony of hunger and eradicate famine