Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Oromo Folklore Manifested through Features of the Northern Ground-Hornbill in Ethiopia
Get PDFHuman cultures are co-evolved in association with attributes of biodiversity. This suggests that loss of a given species results in corresponding loss of cultural practices associated with that species. Consequently, it has been advocated for inclusion of cultural dimension of biodiversity to biodiversity conservation initiatives. However, studies investigating such human-animal interactions have been scanty. The objective of this article was to identify and interpret Oromo society’s oral folklore manifested through various features of the Northern Ground-Hornbill (NGH; Bucorvus abyssinicus) in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from social media text posts on a Facebook community page in response to a post of questions asking the name and cultural values of the NGH. A qualitative, thematic content analysis approach was used for data analysis. Three main themes (oral folklore genres) were emerged from the data that elucidated the uses of NGH in oral literature: poetry, fable story and children word game. A total of 12 oral folklore taxonomies (7 poems, 4 stories, and 1 children word game) were identified and described. The results showed that Oromo people use oral poetry related to the birds in their day-to-day life activities to express their beliefs, attitudes, feelings and other communal affairs. Oromo people also deliver, through fable stories, important lessons about life, nature, love, friendship, heroism, and morality. These findings demonstrate that NGH has significant cultural values to the Oromo society
Remembering Kassahun Berhanu Alemu (1955-2022) – the Man and his Work
Get PDFObituary: Remembering Kassahun Berhanu Alemu (1955-2022) – the Man and his Wor
“Kǝtät Awaj”s of Emperor Mǝnilǝk and Ḫailä Sǝlasse to counter the Italian Aggressions: A Comparative Text Analysis
Get PDFThe main objective of this article is to analyse the differences between the texts of “Kǝtät Awaj”s of Emperor Mǝnilǝk and Emperor Ḫailä Sǝlasse to counter theItalian aggressions and the reasons behind their differences. The text versions used for the analysis were taken from the chronicles of Emperor Mǝnilǝk andḪailä Sǝlasse by Gäbrä Sǝlasse and Gäbrä Wälǝd respectively. Two parallel text analysis approaches, rhetorical criticism and content analysis, were employed.Accordingly, differences are observed between the two texts in terms of size, the historical setting in which they were written, way of addressing the peoples,techniques of selecting persuasive matters, declaring methods of providing food supplies, firearms, and ammunitions, confidences or wording tones of theemperors, identifications of a place of mobilizations and stating techniques of marches to the war fronts. The basic reasons behind these differences lie in thenature of the state apparatus and the level of centralization versus decentralisation of the government's political power
Introducing Third-Party Litigation Funding in Ethiopia: Implications for Enhancing Access to Justice
Get PDFIn our day-to-day experience, it is common to observe persons encountering challenges to exercise their right to access justice due to costly litigation. The litigation expenses that include the advocate’s fee, court fee, and witnesses’ expense are so onerous to some litigants that they resist to start litigation. To mitigate this problem, countries introduced an innovative litigation-funding scheme known as third-party litigation funding or alternative litigation funding (ALF). It is a business system that an investor, not a party to the litigation, funds the costs of litigation of a litigant upon the agreement to receive some portions from the recovery. ALF eases litigants to fund their litigation and thereby ensure their right to access to justice. In Ethiopia, there is no legally recognized scheme of ALF. The aim of this article is, therefore, to examine whether Ethiopia should introduce ALF. In doing so, the author employs a doctrinal research approach. Particularly, the study analyzed commentaries and scholarly research reports as major source of insights on the subject. After examining the issue, the author concluded that the situation in Ethiopia especially the limitations in the legal aid program imperatively requires the introduction of ALF. Finally, this article indicates some regulatory concerns of ALF including disclosure of the agreement, privilege and confidentiality, and funder litigation control
Study on the correlation between hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase level and sex hormone and thyroid hormone level in patients with hyperthyroidism in the third trimester of pregnancy
No full textAbstractBackground: The risk of maternal-fetal problems is increased when the ovaries are hyperthyroid. Potentially, anti-thyroid medication (ATD) can be used to lessen the teratogenic consequences and the neonatal-fetal hyperthyroidism. Although the negative effects of antithyroid medicines are less common, they nevertheless occur in 1-2.5 percent of individuals. This includes rashes, irritation, irregular hair loss, and so on. TSH is the most sensitive thyroid status measure due to the complicated inverse relationship between pituitary-derived thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3).Objective: Anti-thyroid medication treatment and thyroid function regulation during pregnancy were examined in this study. We also assessed the effects of the pregnant woman's hyperthyroidism.Material and methods: Among the 29 women (average age 30±5 years) who had hyperthyroidism tested before and during pregnancy, 36 instances were studied. The control group consisted of approximately 39 euthyroid patients.Results: Out of the 36 patients, Around 26 women have Graves disease, and 1 patient has a hyperfunctioning autonomous nodule. Two patients have thyrotoxicosis. Methimazole was used to treat 78.5 percent (22 out of the 28 patients) of pregnant women; propylthiouracil, or PTU, was used to treat 7.1 percent (2) of pregnant women; methimazole was switched to PTU in 14.2 percent (4) of patients; and eight pregnant women received no medication.Discussions: Patients are diagnosed with one of the eight Graves illnesses during or just before pregnancy, when the foetus is exposed to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Abortion occurred at five weeks gestation and preterm delivery occurred at 32 weeks, with a 3.4 percent infant mortality rate in the first 24 hours and one premature birth at 32 weeks gestational age. It was revealed that in women treated for more than 6 months after conception, antithyroid dosages are much lower than in the first trimester of pregnancy (T1), with everyone on less than 10 mg/day of Methimazole (relapse occurred in 14.2% of cases, and in 55% of T3 cases). In 35%, 37%, and 22% of first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester pregnant cases, respectively, thyroid stimulating hormone levels were normal. There have been no recorded delivery complications, however one foetal birth has been attributed to the umbilical cord knot. The mean birth weights of the treated and untreated groups were similar. The median length of pregnancy is 32.6 months in 83 percent of Graves disease patients.Conclusion: In hypothyroid pregnancy with prolonged ATD treatment prior to conception, drugs can be withdrawn in the T1 in 40% of patients, thyroid function control was much better, and foetal problems were relatively less in comparison to pregnancy cases. TSH and FT4 levels must be monitored to ensure proper thyroid function during pregnancy. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev.2022;36(3):00-00]Keywords: Graves’ disease; hyperthyroidism; antithyroid drug; drug withdrawal; pregnancy; birth defects; post-partum recurrence
An Assessment of Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Capability in Performing Basic Operations, Difficulties and Misconceptions on Fractions in Jimma College of Teachers’ Education, Ethiopia
No full textThis study examines the performance, difficulties and misconceptions of fractions of primary school prospective mathematics teachers at Jimma College of Teachers Education, Ethiopia. The descriptive survey design was used and the sample consisted of 282 participants selected randomly. An achievement test and a questionnaire were developed and used to obtain necessary information from participants of the study. Means, standard deviations and t-test statistics were used to analyse data from the questionnaire. The response papers of the respondents’ achievement test were coded and the solutions given for each question marked as correct, incorrect and blank were analysed by using percentages. Computing fractions using the four basic operations, representing a fraction in its decimal form and on a number line, simplifying a fraction to its lowest term, and overall understanding of the concept and arithmetic procedures to perform basic operations on fractions were among the difficult ones found. The subjects thought the characteristics of fractions were the same as those of whole numbers; hence they tried to apply the same rules as on whole numbers, and this led to the development of their misconceptions like treating fractions’ numerators and denominators as separate whole numbers. The findings implied that there was a need to put more effort into deepening the students’ conceptual understanding of fractions besides considering them as bridging concepts when teaching such basic courses in the teachers’ training college. Besides, the teaching methodology in the teachers’ training college right from inception to graduation need to focus on prospective teachers’ gap identification and intervention when dealing with such foundational concepts
Teachers' Beliefs, Knowledge and Practice of Learner-Centered Approach in Schools of Ethiopia
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs teachers hold andthe knowledge they have about learner-centered approach as well as the degree towhich they practice it in classroom settings. It also aimed at investigating the effectsof beliefs, knowledge, empowerment, class size, teaching load, and year of serviceon teach ers' practice of learner-centered approach. The data were collected from635 in-service teacher training program participants at Bahir Dar University,Education Faculty, who were teaching different subjects at middle and high schoolsin almost all parts of the country. The results revealed that the teachers tend toemploy mostly the traditional teacher-centered approach of teaching. Regressionanalysis indicated that the three most prominent factors that contributed significantlyto the variance in practice were learner-centered belief about learning , learner andteaching (Factor 1), knowledge, and instructional empowerment. In other words,teachers who had knowledge of this teaching approach, those who wereempow€ied to have the freedom to choose their own instructional approaches, andthose who had learner-centered beliefs tended to apply student-centered approachin their classrooms. This may have implication to teacher education institutes in thatthere is a need to incorporate learner-centered approach in their programs in thetraining of would-be-teachers
Quest for a Space for Co-curriculum as an Alternative Peace-building Mechanism: Analysis of the Legal Frameworks of the Ethiopian Higher Education System
No full textThere are several platforms to build peace within higher education institutions (HEIs). Out of these, co-curricular programs (CoCPs) received considerable attention for obtaining peace-promoting effects. However, it is rare to find literature that analyzes the legal frameworks (proclamations, legislations, and regulations) that enable CoCPs to play a significant role in peace-building. This is also true in the Ethiopian HEIs context. This article attempts to find out whether the legal arrangements leave space for CoCPs so that it could acknowledge their possible contributions to promote peace within the public of the HEIs. In so doing, the Education and Training Policy (ETP), the three higher education proclamations, the Ethiopian Education Development Roadmap, HEIs 10 Years Development Plan and five selected university senate legislations were examined. The qualitative content analysis revealed that the proclamations, the road map and senate legislations indeed leave some room for CoCPs to contribute to the efforts of building peace. However, the significance of CoCPs is not explicitly stated in relation to peace. Hence, the contribution of CoCPs under the legal frameworks of Ethiopian Higher Education System (HES) as alternative peace-building mechanism is inferred
Quantitative Research: From Scholars’ Paradigm Debate to Students’ Psychological Anxiety
No full textNursery Growth and Biomass of the Seedlings of Nine Tree Species Planted Under Different Potting Media in Northwest Ethiopia
No full textThe production of quality seedlings depends on the potting media. A nursery experiment was conducted in Pawe Agricultural Research Centre, in the northwest part of Ethiopia in 2006. The study was aimed at investigating the impact of different potting media on biomass and growth and also identifying the properties that influence seedlings’ nursery performance. Four types of potting media, three of them mixed from different proportions (farm yard manure, forest soil, sand), and the local soil were compared. A factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. ANOVA on growth and biomass data were performed for nine tree species using the GLM procedure of SPSS (Version 13). In most of the studied species, the seedlings planted in potting media with the un-amended local soil showed significantly highest (p<0.05) shoot height, root collar diameter, shoot and root biomass. The present results from biomass and growth analyses suggested that physical properties which determine plant water relations are essential to seedling growth during dry spells of the year, when most nurseries of Ethiopian drylands produce tree seedlings. Under such conditions, potting media calibration should aim at amending physical properties such as total porosity and bulk density. The notion of enhanced seedling growth in substrates of high organic matter content should be carefully considered in nurseries of dry areas