Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Revitalizing community forestry in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia: A property right perspective
Get PDFSevere deforestation, land degradation, and the lack of forest products in Ethiopia have necessitated the implementation of a community forestry program since the 1980s by mobilizing the local communities. However, there have been incidents indicating that many of the community forests are either degrading or remaining unproductive. While community forests are, in principle, the collective property of the local community, empirical evidence concerning how property rights impact their management and their role in enhancing rural livelihoods and environmental rehabilitation is lacking. This study aims to investigate the performance of community forestry through the lens of property rights and tenure security, in order to uncover the challenges impeding community forestry in Ethiopia, with a focus on community forests in the Amhara Region. The study gathered primary data on community forest management from two community forests located in East Gojam and North Wollo, using questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Additionally, secondary data on legal frameworks were collected from institutions involved in community forestry. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that a majority of respondents (91%) lacked clarity regarding the objectives of establishing community forests, and about 95% claimed that community forests belong to the state. These incidents have led to diminished interest in continuing the program. The study highlighted that the community forestry program suffers from inadequate policy and legal provisions, chronic institutional instability, overlapping mandates, and limited community engagement. These factors have weakened property rights, which are reflected in tenure insecurity and the absence of individual household benefit packages. Consequently, it can be concluded that community forest interventions have been promoted based on general belief in the importance of trees for rural livelihoods and ecosystem rehabilitation, rather than as part of a deliberate and directed policy and strategy. In summary, revitalizing community forestry in Ethiopia necessitates a thorough understanding of property rights and tenure security issues. In this regard, it is imperative for government agencies to enact a clear national strategy for community forestry development and adopt a supportive role to enable communities to establish robust community forestry institutions to safeguard their rights while fostering community forestry and environmental protection activities
Effects of replacement of cafeteria leftover by concentrate mixture on biological performance and economic return of Washera lambs fed desho grass hay as basal diet
Get PDFThe study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of cafeteria leftover (CL) on biological performance and economic return of Washera lambs fed desho grass and supplemented with concentrate mix (CM) in Ethiopia. Microbiological analyzes were performed in order to assess the feed safety of CL using standard microbiological guidelines. Twenty-five male Washera lambs with a mean body weight of 21.9±1.01 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design consisted of five replications. The dietary treatments included: 0% CL+100% CM (T1), 25% CL+75% CM (T2), 50% CL+50% CM (T3), 75% CL+25% CM (T4) and 100% CL+0% CM (T5). The data collected includes, chemical composition of diets, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, carcass yield and quality. The microbiological quality assessment of the CL indicated that it conformed to satisfactory limits of feed safety and therefore it fit for animal feeding. Sheep under T2 had higher (p<0.001) total dry matter intake (DMI) and organic matter intake (OMI) whereas as compared to other treatment groups, sheep under T1 and T5 had lower (p<.001) total DMI and OMI, respectively. The DM digestibility coefficient was higher (p<0.01) for sheep fed with mixed supplement diet (T2 to T4). The protein digestibility coefficient was higher (p<0.01) for the mixed supplement and lower for solely dried students’ cafeteria leftover (CL). Average daily gain showed higher (p<0.01) for T1 but similar values for treatments (T2 to T4) compared to (T1 and T5). The average empty body weight (EBW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) showed higher (p<0.01) for the dietary treatments (T2 to T4). According to the partial budget analysis, T4 was the most profitable diet, followed by T3, T2, T1, and T5. Based on this, it is possible to conclude that CL could be included in Washera lambs CM rations at a level of 75% without any adverse effect on the performance and carcass characteristics of sheep. Drying and processing of the entire student cafeteria leftover imposed due to sun drying of laxative food leftover such as pasta. As food leftover contains more moisture and is easily spoiled, guidelines for collecting, transporting, drying, and storing raw materials should be developed to ensure the safety of food leftover for animal feed. Thus, further research is required to investigate technological options for properly drying laxative food leftovers such as pasta so that such food leftovers can be used for ruminant animal feed
Irreconcilability Between the Ethiopian Commercial Code and Contracts of Insurance with Special Emphasis on Personal Accident and Life Policies
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The Child and the Law in Ethiopia: The Case of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
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LANDUSE CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS IN LAGOS METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
No full textThis paper evaluates the landuse characteristics of automobile workshops in Lagos Metropolis with a view to proffering recommendations that will aid the control of automobile workshops in the study area and similar urban centres in the country. To achieve this, a total survey of the formal workshops in the metropolis was done, while 389 informal workshops located on both sides of purposively selected roads in the metropolis were sampled. Further, a 300-meter radius was delineated around each sampled automobile workshop for landuse characterization. Percentages, Analysis of variance, and query function of the Geographic Information System were used to investigate the landuse characteristics of the automobile workshops. The study discovered that automobile workshops in Lagos metropolis are located in dense residential areas, though formal automobile workshops tend to locate in denser neigbhourhoods than informal ones. These workshops are situated on an average area of 6636 square meters with about 70% of the land area developed. However, workshops do not comply with spatial planning standards, especially road setbacks. It is therefore recommended that mass awareness and effective development control be put in place by officials of Lagos State Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development