Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
Not a member yet
4332 research outputs found
Sort by
Genotype-by-environment interaction and grain yield stability of bread wheat
No full textThe objective of this paper is to identify stable and high yielding varieties among 20 Ethiopian Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes on the basis of experiments conducted during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (ammi) model has been used to estimate G×E interaction and also to identify stable genotypes in environments. Combined anova of G×E indicated the presence of significant interactions, as well as significant differences between genotypes and environments. According to AMMI, model genotypes G11, G10, G5 and G12 are found stable. In graphical display of the biplot, Adet is categorized under high yielding wheat environment as compared to the three relatively low yielding categorized environments (Holeta, Kulumsa and Sinana)
CHROMOSOME STUDY OF SOME GRASSHOPPER SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT LOCALITIES IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
No full textAround 200 grasshopper species have been identified in Ethiopia, hitherto. Thediversity and economic importance of Ethiopian grasshoppers notwithstanding, there is only fewstudies done on their taxonomy, distribution and ecology. Additionally, no report on the karyologyof Ethiopian grasshoppers is available prior to this study. Hence, this research is aimed at studyingthe chromosomes of some Ethiopian grasshopper species. The grasshopper specimens used in thisstudy were collected from eight localities in central Ethiopia. The specimens were identified asbelonging to two families (Acrididae and Tetrigidae). Chromosome preparations were made fromtissues of the whole gut and the testis following colchicine pretreatment of live insects. All theinsects belonging to family Acrididae showed karyotypic similarity, with all having 2n = 23 (22autosomes + X) in males and 2n = 24 (22 autosomes + XX) in females. Morphologically all thechromosomes were telocentrics except an acrocentric X chromosome observed in some of the taxa.Despite the overall karyotypic similarity, minor variations were also observed. In the genusParatettix (Tetrigidae), the analyzed female specimen had 2n = 20 telocentric chromosomes. In themale specimen of genus Acanthacris, some chromosome numerical instability, involvinghypodiploid and hyperdiploid conditions, were observed both in the meiotic and mitotic cells of thetestis. Furthermore, an extra chromosome was observed in some of these cells and this wasassumed to be a B chromosome. The need for further large-scale chromosome study of Ethiopiangrasshoppers is recommende
POPULATION DENSITY, STRUCTURE AND GROUPING PATTERN OF MENELIK’S BUSHBUCK IN THE MENAGESHA-SUBA STATE FOREST, ETHIOPIA
No full textThe population density, sex and age ratio and grouping pattern of Menelik’sbushbuck (Traglaphus scriptus meneliki) was studied in the Menagesha-Suba State Forest (MSF)during August 2009 – April 2010. Data were collected during wet and dry seasons. Total-countmethod was used in four selected study sites within the forest. A total of 110 and 156 Menelik’sbushbucks were recorded during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The seasonal difference inabundance was statistically significant. Sighting records did not show significant differencesbetween study sites. The overall density of Menelik’s bushbucks in MSF was estimated to be 12 km-2.Based on the density estimate, the population of Menelik’s bushbuck in the MSF is extrapolated to be296 individuals. The adult sex ratio was nearly 1:1 while the adult female to young ratio was 9.6:1.0.More than 65% of the sightings were those of single individuals. In comparison to previous studies,the findings of the present study indicate that the population status of Menelik’s bushbuck in theMSF is within the expected range and hence there is no need for immediate conservationintervention
MISTLETOE INFECTION OF WOODY PLANT SPECIES AT BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS, BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA
No full textStudy of woody plants composition and invasion by mistletoes was conducted in Bahir Dar University main campus vegetation. A total of 28009 individual trees were checked for mistletoes infection and 764 trees were found parasitized. Three species of mistletoes were identified. Erianthemum dregi was more frequent and more abundant (58.68%). The infested host trees belonged to 11 species that were members of 10 genera and eight families. The most parasitized host family was Fabaceae. The host species most susceptible to the mistletoes were Sesbania sesban and Jacaranda mimosifolia. Host specificity is highest for Phragmenthera regularis (H’ = 0.046). This survey study on vegetation infection by mistletoes demonstrated the need for further study on biological and environmental factors for infection of host species and seeking for appropriate ecosystem management program
Impact of COVID-19 on Violence Against Women and Girls in Addis Ababa
Get PDFThere is no doubt that promoting a safer, Gender-Based Violence (GBV)free environment for women and girls gives them greater safety andsecurity, better health and education, and, more control over their lifechoices. The main objective of the study was to explore the impacts ofCOVID-19 in relation to violence against women and girls in AddisAbaba. A Cross-sectional study design with concurrent mixed studymethod was employed. Primary data was collected from 1084 women(15-49 years old) selected using three-stage stratified sampling procedure,12 key informants and one case study. Data were collected usinghousehold survey questionnaire, key informant interview and in-depthinterview guides. The odds of gender-based violence was higher by atleast 1.6 times among women and girls who had no formal education andprimary education compared to those who had secondary and above levelof education. Women and girls residing in large household size (6+) hadsignificantly higher odds of gender-based violence compared to thosewho were living in households with less than six members. Women andgirls who were living in rented house were 1.3 times more likely to beexposed to gender-based violence compared to those living in their ownhouse. There should be aggressive and continuous community educationthrough behavioral change communication strategies that will eventually help
to significantly promote knowledge and attitude on adverse effects of gender-based violenc
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND FARM HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN MORETNA J IRU DISTIUCT OF THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETIfIOPIA
Get PDFpeople a f all times to enough food for an active, productive andheallily life. Food security can be achieved when households produceenough staple crops for their OWl/ consumption or when they have enoughdisposable income to meet their food needs from the market. Like manydeveloping countries, Ethiopian f armers in the highlands predominantlypractice subsistence f arming, and are often subject to food insecurity. At thecurrent rapidly growing population and the deC/ining arable land, 'theelimination of chronic f ood iI/security is highly anked with the use ofproductivity increasing technological innovations. This study has Deell.conducted with the major objective of assessing the impact of technologicalchange on farm hous·ehold food security in one of the districts of the CentralHighlands of Ethiopia. With the help of simultaneous equation Tobit model,~the relationship between household food security and teelmologlcol changehas been analyzed. Based on the recommended calorie consumption peradult equivalent requirement (243 kg of grains per allnum), 67.5 percentand 32.5 percellt of the sample farm households are classified as foodsecure and insecure respectively. Similarly, for the tecllllological change,75.8 percent of the sample farmers are found as adopters of improved cropvarieties while the remaining 24.2 percent of farmers as non·adopters. Theresult indicates that there is a significant and positive simultaneousinteraction between technological challge and household food security. Onthe one hand, a unit percentage change in the intensity of technolog
Analysis of Opportunity Factors for Economic Development in Ethiopia: A Commentary
Get PDFEthiopia has been registering an impressive double-digit growth over the last decades that led to improvements in per capita income and poverty reduction. The purpose of this paper was to review and reflect on the contemporary opportunities available in Ethiopia to build a robust economy, the challenges encountered and the way forward. The assessment employed systematic literature review study design that involved descriptive and content analysis techniques. The results of the intensive desk review indicated that the country is endowed with huge natural resource bases such as diversified agro-ecologies; large labour power supply; enormous renewable energy sources such as hydroelectric power, wind, geothermal and solar energy, and outstanding tourist attractions that expedite its development. Likewise, the Home-Grown Economic Reform and “Medemer”; government commitment; increased economic collaborations with countries, regional organizations and development agents; growing inflows of foreign direct investment; improvements in infrastructure; and aspiration of the people to prosper have contributed for the growth. Key challenges that should be addressed to build a robust economy include the rain-fed, subsistence and traditional nature of agriculture; negative balance of payments and unsatisfactory export performance; price inflation; ethnic conflicts and insecurity; unemployment; climate change; and land degradation. Nevertheless, it could be fairly concluded that Ethiopia is at the right track to build a strong and competent economy
Devolution rhetoric and practice of curriculum policymaking in Ethiopian primary education
No full textThis paper sketches the rhetoric and practices of curricular devolution since the publication of education and training policy. By exploring curriculum, management guidelines and other relevant policy documents, this paper argues that within a decentralized federal system of governance primary curriculum provisions still suffer from a centralized control. The Ministry dominates curriculum policy decision environment in the name of ‘setting & maintaining of standards', ‘provisions of assistance' and ‘ensures whether the curriculum developed at all levels was free from gender, cultural and political bias'. Capitalizing these discretions, the Ministry goes beyond its jurisdiction in developing primary curriculum. As a result, this paper recommends that regional states balance the power struggle over primary curriculum decision environment, untie themselves to some extent, exercise their policy right and play effectively as genuine stakeholders in the provisions of meaningful and localized curriculum for the only forms of education available to the majority of their constituencies
Moral values in the Oromo Gada system: an ethno-philosopical reflection
No full textDOI: 10.4314/ejossah.v3i1.2987
Traditional Moral Values of the Oromo of Ethiopia: A Philosophical Appraisal of Gada System (Synopsis of a PhD Dissertation)
No full textThis is a report of my PhD dissertation titled “Traditional Moral Values of the Oromo of Ethiopia: A Philosophical Appraisal of Gada System”. The dissertation ventures to accomplish three missions – one is the mission of bringing the traditional moral values of the Oromo people to light, the other is to critically evaluate the content of these values and the third is to demonstrate the applicability of philosophical inquiry to the concrete life and relations of human beings.The entire text of the dissertation is composed of six chapters. At the end of each chapter there are critical analyses, conclusions, references and notes. Finally at the end of the whole body of the dissertation there is bibliography and appendix. The appendix contains the pictures of some of the elderly informants who orally shared their knowledge of the traditional moral values of the Oromo society. The first chapter attempts to lay out the problems that instigated the research, the general problems that the dissertation addresses, the methods that the researcher employs, and a conceptual and theoretical groundwork for the subsequent chapters