Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
Not a member yet
4332 research outputs found
Sort by
Towards Inclusive Employment: The Conceptual Basis and Features of Proclamation 568/2008 on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities
No full textSome Thoughts on the Benefits and Costs of the Regulatory Framework on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing in Ethiopia
No full textHarar in the Eyes of Foreign Travellers during the Nineteenth Century
Get PDFThis article treats the city-state of Harar in the eyes of foreign travellers during the Nineteenth Century. Harar had not been accessible to European travellers and explorers until the mid-nineteenth century. This means that it could be difficult to reconstruct the history of the city-state of Harar, which was prominent for its regional and international trade for much of its history and could not be properly documented using internal sources alone with the exception of a few references in Arabic. Contrary to this, the second half of the nineteenth Century ushered in a new phase for Harar as it attracted European travellers, adventurers, and explorers who properly documented its long history and rich culture. The Egyptian interlude in the one decade of their presence from 1875–1884 also added a fresh input to learning more about Harar under Ottoman-Egyptian rule. Once integrated into the Kingdom of Shewa in 1887, another chapter of Harar’s history made its appearance and further attracted foreigners, among whom adventurers and diplomatic missions stand out quite clearly. The objective of this article is to look into Harar's place in the history of the region during the nineteenth century, largely based on the accounts of foreign travellers. Rich sources appear in different European languages. The impressions of those travellers who visited Harar in the nineteenth century stand out and sound quite solid, as well as being in desperate need of proper documentation. In the process of reconstructing the history of Harar, although travel literature plays a key role, it also seems quite logical that secondary sources will also add valuable information. The methodology employed is one of relying on qualitative sources largely tapped from diverse travel literature and existing secondary sources. After careful examination of the source materials, it appears that the main ideas put together from different travel and secondary sources were properly evaluated and justified, indicating that our knowledge about the City of Harar remains solid and even better. 
Evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for tolerance to Frost in controlled environment
No full textThe study aimed to evaluate the frost tolerance variability of Ethiopianchickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm under controlled environment using growthchamber. A total of 72 genotypes were screened for frost tolerance using completerandomized design with two replications. The analysis of variance result indicated thatthere was a significant (P<0.01) difference amongst genotypes for plant height, number offoliage, number of primary branch, growth rate, and fresh biomass weight. Based on plantsurvival rate (SR), 31 (43.1%) genotypes scored above 0.8 values. Based on Freezingtolerance rate (FTR), 37(51.4%) and 31(43.1%) genotypes were rated at a score of 1 to 3 infreezing test 1 (T1) and freezing test 2 (T2), respectively. There was a strong negativecorrelation between fresh biomass yields with SR (-0.75** for T1 and -0.71** for T2 at p<0.01),while a strong positive correlation with FTR value (0.74** at p<0.01). Based on the combinedresult of FTR and SR scores, 26 genotypes were found to be frost-tolerant genotypes at atemperature level as low as -5oC at seedling stage. Based on our findings, Ethiopianchickpea germplasm has a genetic potential for frost-tolerance traits for use in breedingprograms
THE EFFICIENCY OF.OLS ESTIMATOR IN THE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL WITH SPATIALLY CORRELATED ERRORS
Get PDFBounds for the efficiency of ordinary least squares estimacorrelative to generalized least squares estimator in the linear regression model with first-order spatial error process are given
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP, BODY CONDITION AND SEX RATIO OF TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS L.) IN LAKE CHAMO, ETHIOPIA
Get PDFThe length-weight relationship of 1429 fish ranging insize from 120 to 610 mm Total Length (TL) and from 36 to 4800 g TotalWeight (TW) w<\s computed based on monthly samples collectedbetween March 1996 and Ma,rch 1997. Th~ relationship between totallength and b?tal weight for both sexes was curvilinear and statisticallysignificant. The regr~ssion equation for the females wasTW=0.0225TL2-97 r2==0.98, P<O.05 and that for the males wasTW=0.0211TL2-99 r2=0.98, P<0.05. There was a significant variation in themean monthly condition factor of both sexes (ANOVA, P<0.05). The mean± SE Fulton's condition factor ranged from 2.10 ± 0.03 to 2.35 ± 0.10 forthe males; from 1.96 ± 0.03 to 2.1 ± 0.04 for the females. Sex ratio of O.niloticus was not sigrrificantly different from 1:1 in the total samples.However, numerically females were significantly more (P<0.05) innumber than males in samples taken between March and May whereasmales dominate in samples taken between October and February. Therewas also a significant variation in sex ratio in samples of fish larger than400 mm TL and dominated by males (P<O.05). However, sex ratio didnot deviate significantly from the theoretical ratio 1:1 (p>0.05) insamples of fish less than 400 mm TL
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF ETHIOPIAN FOODS AND BEVERAGES: A REVIEW
Get PDFThe paper reviews the available literature on themicrobiology of traditional Ethiopian food .. and beverages. The topic onmilk and dairy products deals with the livestock resource of the countrywith respect to the microbiological quality of raw and processed milk,processing and microbial status of various fermented milks ('Ergo','Itutu'), traditional cottage cheese ('Ayib') and microbiological safety ofmilk and dairy products. Under traditional fermented foods, themicrobiology of 'Enjerra' fermentation, 'Kotcho' fermentation and thefermentation of various condiments are discussed. Microbiological safetyissues and spoilage of these products are also addressed. Discussion onthe microbiology of traditional fermented beverages deals with popularproducts such as 'Tella', 'Borde' and 'Shamita'. Here, the nutritional andother chemical properties of the products are also presented. Some readyto-eat foods are discussed with respect to their level of microbialcontamination, spoilage and their importance in food-borne diseases.These include different traditional sauces, street foods and weaning foods.Finally, microbial load and safety considerations were addressed withrespect to other food products such as beef, fish, vegetables, fruits andfruit juices. In conclusion, the review discusses the nature of foodpreparation in Ethiopia, food loss due to poor traditional householdprocessing, the extent and limitations of scientific work done so far andsuggests some recommendations to curb the problem
PLANT COMMUNITY ANALYSIS AND ECOLOGY OF AFROMONTANE AND TRANSITIONAL RAINFOREST VEGETATION OF SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA
Get PDFThe plant communities of the forests of southwestern Ethiopia were described based on floristic analysis of the data collected between February 1995 and May 1996. Floristic analysis is based on the cover-abundance values of both woody and herbaceous species. Plant community-environment relationship was assessed based on topog-raphic and some soil physical and chemical characteristics. A total of 101 relevés were analysed at altitudes between 1050 and 2550 m a.s.l. (metres above sea level), and a total of 139 species of vascular plants were identified. Nine plant community types were described. Most of these show significant variations for most of the environmental parameters studied. The species in the forest were phytogeographically related to the Afromontane, Guineo-Congolean or Guineo-Congolean linking species
ROLE OF SOME ECOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR AN ALTITUDINAL EXPANSION OF SPOTTED STEMBORER, CHILO PAR TELL US (SWINHOE) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)
Get PDFSurvey was carried out during 2004 main cropping season to investigate the abundanceand distribution of stemborers, with emphasis on spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in centraland eastern Ethiopia. The survey sites were mapped using Arc View GIS software. Three species ofstemborers, namely, C. partellus, maize stemborer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) and pink stemborer, Sesamiacalamistis (Hampson) were recorded. Chilo pmctellus was recorded as a dominant and widely distributedspecies in 96% of the surveyed sites. On the other hand, B. fusca was mainly recorded in highland areas,while S. calamistis was found at all elevations in small number. The current survey revealed theexpansion of C. partellus to high-elevated areas as high as 2088 meters above sea level (masl), where itwas not recorded earlier in the country. Observations were also made during the survey on the effect ofcropping system, wild host and weediness on stemborer infestation, species composition and density.Analysis of variance and independent T test showed higher level of infestation on monocrops and onfields with wild hosts than intercrop and wild host free fields. The results also proved the existence ofsignificant variation in the level of infestation between crop types. Chi square test revealed strongrelationship between cropping systems, crop type, presence or absence of wild host and speciescomposition at intermediate and highlands. Borer density was the highest at low altitude as comparedto intermediate and high altitud
EVALUATION OF FUNGINIL (TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM FORMULATION) FOR THE CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CORM ROT (BOTRYTIS GLADIOLORUM) ON GLADIOLUS (GLADIOLUS HYBRIDUS) VARIETIES
Get PDFEvaluation of the effect of dipping of corms of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) in threeconcentrations (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) of Funginil (Trichoderma harzianum formulation) against Botrytisgladiolorum isolate BG-4 on the growth and yield parameters of White Enchantress and Sheherzadevarieties were carried out in pot culture and under field experiments, respectively. The result of thepot experiment on White Enchantress revealed that there was a highly significant reduction indisease incidence in treatment of Funginil over both the inoculated and uninoculated controls. Asthe rate of Funginil increased the percentage of sprouting also increased whereas the diseaseincidence decreased significantly. In the field trial, the maximum plant height, number of leaves,number of spikes, rachis length, and number of floret, length of floret and diameter of first floretwere obtained with the application of 1.5% Funginil. The height decreased with the increasingnumber of the leaves, spikes, floret, length of floret and floret diameters as well as rachis lengthincreased with increasing rates of Funginil. These results suggest that Funginil can be used asbiocontrol agent against corm rot (B. gladiolorum) of Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) varieties