Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Poverty, Inequality, and Social Protection in Ethiopia: A Policy Brief
No full textIn this brief commentary the author argues that social protection is not a useful approach to addressing poverty and inequality in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Instead, the author suggests focusing on wealth creation and the capability development approach to poverty reduction. To achieve this, the author proposes targeted state investment expenditure to enhance the productive capabilities of the economically vulnerable population. Besides, the social protection system should prioritize the design and implementation of livelihood improving investment programs, as in-kind or cash transfer support is not sustainable given the elevated level of economic vulnerability. The effectiveness of Ethiopia’s social protection system lies on improving coverage, targeting deserving individuals, and sustainable financing solutions
Analysis of Morphological Shifts of Active Participles in Arabic-Amharic Translation of the Holy Qur’an
No full textThe main objective of this study is to analyze morphological shifts of Arabic active participles in the Arabic–Amharic translation of the Holy Qur’an. The study is a qualitative study with a descriptive and content analysis design. It relies on primary linguistic data. The data are obtained from the Holy Qur’an and its Amharic translation by co-translators Shaikh Sayyid Muhammadsadiq and Haji MuhammadThani Habib (1969). The data are extracted using purposive sampling technique. The findings of the study reveal that the Arabic active participle forms can be translated into Amharic as verbs, relativized verbs, converbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. One has to know the syntactic class to which a certain Arabic active participle form belongs so as to be able to choose its appropriate Amharic translation. The translators employed grammatical shifts as a strategy to translate Arabic active participles into Amharic
Character Analysis on the Representation of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Two Selected Ethiopian Amharic Films
No full textThere is no denying the value of film in fostering social interaction, creating awareness, and developing the economy, culture, education, and language. The purpose of this paper is to assess and examine how people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are portrayed in two Amharic films. The study's findings were based on information obtained from six direct participants—film producers, directors, scriptwriters, and actors—who were carefully chosen through interviews and firsthand viewings of the two chosen films. It took advantage of media content analysis. The data from the interviews and the film video were then thematically examined for the study. Among other things, the study's findings showed that characters are portrayed in ways consistent with the behavioral characteristics of people with autism. Other concerns impacting films about ASD include the lack of awareness of ASD among film producers and writers, the lack of care among government officials for ASD and how it affects their ability to make high-quality films, and an overreliance on one individual for all roles. The two Amharic films that were chosen, "Tism" and "Bandaf," have their own strengths and limitations when it comes to portraying or expressing ASD characters or features. The study found that lack of understanding about ASD and misconceptions about people with ASD were the root causes of these strengths and limits
Phonological Awareness Instructional Practices and Challenges for Implementation in Ethiopian Primary School: A Case Study of Goffa Language Grade One
No full textThis article delves into the classroom instructional practices of teachers andthe challenges they face in teaching phonological awareness. Employing aqualitative research approach within a case study design and drawing upon thesociocultural learning theory as a theoretical framework, the study involvedfour teachers, one school director, and one college instructor as participants.Data collection utilized observations and interviews, with deductive analysismethods including descriptive and narrative approaches. The findingsunderscore that teachers commonly utilize phonological awareness instructiontechniques such as sound identification, syllable segmentation, phonememanipulation, phoneme blending, onset-rime awareness, and rhyming.However, these strategies often fall short in addressing the diverse needs ofstudents. Additionally, teachers predominantly rely on traditional methodssuch as sound and phoneme naming, counting, pointing, and repetition, ratherthan more interactive instructional approaches like demonstration, scaffolding,and modeling of sound and letter teaching methods. These instructionalpractices are compounded by various challenges, including low teacherphonological knowledge, lack of positive attitude and motivation, inadequateeducational resources, and limited parental and community involvement.Addressing these challenges necessitates ongoing professional support toenhance teachers' phonological knowledge and capacities in essentialinstructional approaches. Moreover, stakeholders must foster conducivelearning environments equipped with diverse educational resources tofacilitate more effective phonological awareness instruction. Furthermore,broader studies are imperative to grasp the constraints and possibilities ofphonological awareness instruction, ultimately enhancing children's readingabilities
Teachers’ Sense of Autonomy and their Work Motivation in Selected Secondary Schools in Oromia Regional State
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the level of teachers’ sense of autonomy and its association with their work motivation in some selected secondary schools in Ethiopia. In this mixed methods research, data were gathered from 95 teachers with a questionnaire and 5 teachers with semi-structured interview guide from three secondary schools in the Oromia region, Ethiopia. T-test, one-way ANOVA, and thematic descriptions were used for data analysis. The result indicated that the perceived level of teacher autonomy as measured along two dimensions (general autonomy and curriculum autonomy) seemed to be low. Teachers’ sense of autonomy was associated positively with their work motivation. External interference (e.g., imposed teaching approaches that ignore teachers’ decisions and too many routine activities imposed on the teachers) was prevalent. Hence, teachers feel that they are powerless to decide what they have to do at school. This might hinder them from involving actively, confidently, creatively, and with motivation in their teaching activities. The implications of these and other findings of the study were identified and suggestions for further research were forwarded
ግደ ጉማየ ኣብ ምግላፅ መንነት መዋቕራውን ኣገልግሎታዊ ለውጥን ኣብ ወጀራትን ራያን
No full textፅሟቕ ሓሳብ: -እዚ መፅናዕቲ ኣብ ከባቢ ወጀራትን ራያን ብዘመናዊ ፅንሰ ሓሳባት መንነት ብምጥቃም ጉዕዞ ጉማየን ኣብ ከይዲ ዝተኸሰቱ መዋቕራውን ኣገልግሎታውን ለውጥታት ንምድህሳስ ይሙክር:፡ መንነት ዝፍጠረሎም መልዐሊ ምኽንያታት፣ ብመልክዕ ጉማየ ዝተንፀባረቑሎም መንገድታትን ከምኡ እውን ኣብ ከይዲ ታሪኽ ኣብ ልዕሊ ጉማየ ዝተኸሰቱ መዋቕራውን ተግባራዊ ግልጋሎታዊ ለውጥታትን ምርኣይ ድማ ቀንዲ ዕላምኡ እዩ። እዚ መፅናዕቲ ጉማየ ኣብ ምፍጣርን ምግላፅን መንነት ዝህልዎ ግደ ብምድህሳስ ሕዚ ዘለሉ ብርኪ ከመላኽት ይእምት። ጉማየ ኣብ ምግላፅ መንነት ዝጥቀመሎም ብዙሓት መንገድታት ከም ዘለውዎ እውን ተስተብሂልሉ ኣሎ። ትሕዝቶ እቲ ግጥሚ፣ ክዋንኡን ዜማኡን ኩሎም ሓቢሮም ኣብ ምግላፅን ምፍጣርን መንነት ትእምርታዊ ውክልና ብምውሳድ ቀንዲ መብሃሊ መንገዲታት ኮይኖም ንረኽቦም። እቲ መፅናዕቲ፣ ጉማየ ማሕበራዊ፣ ፖለቲካዊ፣ ሃይማኖታዊ፣ ዓሌታዊ ዝብሃሉ መዋቕራትን መስርሓትን ብምድናቕ፣ ብምውቃስን ብምእራምን ኣብ ምቕራፅ ሕብረተሰባዊ መስተጋብር ናይ ባዕሉ ግደ ከም ዝፃወት የርኢ። ብዝተትሓሓዘ ድማ ኣብ ከይዲ ታሪኽ፣ ጉማየ ብዙሓት መዋቕራውን ኣገልግሎታውን ለውጥታት ሓሊፉ ኣብዚ ሕዚ ዘለሉ ደረጃ ጥበባዊ ምዕባለ ይርከብ
Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Children Aged 6 months to 17 years with Disabilities in Gulele Sub-city, Addis Ababa
Get PDFMalnutrition and disability are interconnected especially in countries suffering from high levels of malnutrition including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the nutritional status and its associated factors among children with disabilities aged six months to seventeen years old, in Gulele Sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional study design. Two hundred seventy-two disabled children were studied. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were taken. Based on the individual dietary diversity score of 12 food groups (FANTA), 165 children (60.7%) with disabilities consumed ≥ 6 food groups. MUAC and BMI measurements also indicate 55.1% and 58.1%, respectively, had normal nutritional status. However, the remaining proportion of children with disabilities were found to have moderate and severe acute malnutrition. There were 35.3% children with disabilities who did not feed properly due to poor appetite, restlessness, pharyngeal artesia, and preference of food items. More than average children with disabilities had normal nutritional status while, the rest of them had moderate and severe acute malnutrition. This was associated with difficulty of feeding, types of disabilities such as multiple disabilities , occupation of the household head, family size and income level. It is recommended that counselling regarding the needs of the children with disability for mothers/caregivers should be established as disability specific service points
Factors Influencing Job Motivation and Performance: Empirical Evidence from the Ethiopian Federal Police
Get PDFMotivation is one of the factors playing a significant role in increasing the capacity of human performance and productivity. Among the various components of the criminal justice system, the police play a vital role in meeting the public demand for justice. Motivating police officers is, thus, crucial to increase efficiency in combating crime. This study aimed to investigate and understand the motivational factors and their contributions to motivating police officers. The study employed a quantitative research method as a strategy. Three hundred six participants were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Of those, three hundred respondents filled out and returned the questionnaires. Data was collected using intrinsic and extrinsic motivational scale measures. The study found that the predictive validity of intrinsic (recognition, promotion, achievement, job satisfaction, and responsibilities) and extrinsic motivational factors (payment, leadership, work environment, interpersonal relations, and job security) are decisive in motivating the officers to do more work. The findings show that positive relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors determine the police officer's motivation to enforce the law. In addition, regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction, payment, work environment, and job security are the most significant predictors of job performance. The study reminds police officials and others to revisit human resource management policies and develop new ones informed by empirically supported research findings
Interpreting The Socio-Cultural Symbols in Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow and Ben Okri’s StarBook
Get PDFAfrican literary writers use African socio-cultural values and elements in writing African literature. These values and elements help them to restore, recreate, and/or reclaim the long socio-cultural practices and histories of African nations. One of these is the socio-cultural symbolic elements that epitomize nationhood or peoplehood. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the African nations‟ socio-cultural and political experiences by interpreting culturally significant novels, which are written by national-oriented writers. Ngugi wa Thiong‟o‟s Wizard of the Crow from Eastern Africa and Ben Okri‟s Starbook from Western Africa are purposively selected based on their culturally symbolic features they employ. Extractions are included to make the interpretation textually evident. From the interpretation, we can conclude that both Ngugi and Okri depend on their respective community‟s culturally symbolic elements to retrieve and reclaim the African nation‟s culture and history. In this regard, birds, insects, and ogres are the most important creatures that are represented in the novels to signify the socio-cultural meanings that the respective country‟s culture and tradition provide to them. Similarly, they use the novels to depict the national socio-political predicaments. They also signpost the way out of the troubles of the African nations. They specifically indicate that Africans' wit and wisdom need to be reconsidered for their socio-political healing
The Effects of Task-Based Method on Paragraph Writing Performance among EFL University Learners
Get PDFThis research sought to investigate the effects of task-based methods on enhancing EFL learners' paragraph-writingskills. A quasi-experimental research design was employed for this investigation. Specifically, a variant of the pretestposttest design; that is, the interrupted time-series design type was used in which the measurements were taken atintervals of time. Thus, the treatment group participants were measured for their performances of writing on theirparagraphs each week for three months at controlled conditions and treatment time that the interruption was thetreatment. The design includes measurements of the dependent variable both before and after the treatment. It includesmultiple pretest and posttest measurements. Hence, there were parallel measurements on pretests and post-tests whichis four times on pretests and four times on post-tests. It brought effective results to the study. The sample comprisedforty-three (43) students majoring in management, selected through a comprehensive sampling technique. Allparticipants were placed in a single treatment group. Data collection involved administering pre-and post-tests,conducted at two intervals: before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, the researcher employed varioustests, opting for a non-parametric approach due to the data not conforming to a normal distribution. The WilcoxonSigned-Rank Test was therefore employed as a suitable alternative in situations where the normal distribution ofdifferences between paired subjects cannot be assumed. It posits a less stringent hypothesis, suggesting that thedistribution of this difference is symmetric around a central value, and seeks to determine whether this central valuesignificantly deviates from zero. Thus, it was applied to assess the statistical differences in paragraph writing skillsbetween the pre- and post-intervention phases. The findings indicated that the treatment group through task-basedmethods demonstrated superior performance in the post-intervention compared to their pre-intervention results.Additionally, the Friedman test was employed to compare the observed significance within the post-tests. The meanrank for task achievement was recorded at 3.91, signifying a more substantial improvement relative to othercomponents. In contrast, the mean ranks for cohesion and coherence, grammatical range, and lexical resource were2.36, 1.88, and 1.85, respectively which indicated higher improvement to lower major rubrics. Notably, studentsexhibited the most significant progress in task achievement, while cohesion and coherence, grammatical range andaccuracy, and lexical resource showed comparatively lesser advancements. Furthermore, improvements were also notedin content, communicative achievement, organization, and vocabulary usage when compared with pre-test scores. Thus,this study advocates for the integration of task-based methodologies that incorporate authentic, meaningful, andfocused linguistic elements as well as communicative writing components into teaching materials for basic writingcourses within the EFL context