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Die Bühne in August Strindbergs Nach Damaskus – Grenze zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit
No full textTo Damascus (Till Damaskus) is considered August Strindberg\u27s first dream play, a trilogy in which the dream presents the inner world of the characters and their development. In the drama occur psychological processes and experiences, which move away from the real-life frame and at the same time, a firm connection between the real and in this sense dreamlike setting is established. Through these characteristics of the drama and in particular through the representation of the play, Strindberg sets the foundation for a modern theater technique. He experiments with an inner stage to show what happens deep inside the human being. He succeeds in this by splitting the general stage – a concrete part in which the piece is played, and a part of the inner stage, the subconscious of the characters, which is considered a dream world – by applying stage transformations, change of plan, change of location and time, or applying the concept of play within a play. The present paper deals with the analysis of the dream world on stage in To Damascus and with the methods, by which it is built, for example, stage directions, simplified decor, light design, sound and shadows. It is a fact that any symbol, motive, any relationship or textual information serve to present the inner world of the characters on stage. Starting from this point, I will explore which is the technical role of the dream in Strindberg`s dream play, from a scenic perspective, and how its scenic representation leads to the fact that the viewers see a symbolic world, where time and space no longer exist, in which one cannot find a concrete border between dream and reality
INTRODUCERE
No full textSecolul al XIX-lea a fost denumit de către unii istorici drept „vârsta ideologiilor”, dar nu pentru că termenul ar fi fost frecvent utilizat atunci, ci pentru că discursul intelectual al acelei epoci se distinge de cel din secolele anterioare prin caracteristici care pot fi considerate ideologice.Secolul al XIX-lea a fost denumit de către unii istorici drept „vârsta ideologiilor”, dar nu pentru că termenul ar fi fost frecvent utilizat atunci, ci pentru că discursul intelectual al acelei epoci se distinge de cel din secolele anterioare prin caracteristici care pot fi considerate ideologice
OBLOMOV BY IVAN GONCHAROV: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A POSSIBLE BILDUNGSROMAN
No full textThe novel Oblomov by Ivan Goncharov, published at a time when literature was concerned with the education and formation of the individual, challenges the conventional form of the bildungsroman by focusing on a character who appears to be static and does not develop in accordance with the typical trajectory of a coming-of-age narrative. In order to comprehend the rationale behind the inactivity of the eponymous character, as well as the phenomenon observed inRussian society and generically referred to as “Oblomovism”, we will analyze how the perception of time and space influences the formation of Oblomov\u27s personality and differentiates him from his active and lively friend Stolz. The antithesis between the two characters represents a fundamental aspect of the novel, underscoring the contrast between two distinct mentalities shaped by opposing perceptions of time and space. Despite its deviations from the conventional structure of a “Bildungsroman”, the novel Oblomov incorporates sufficient elements of the genre to be regarded as an unconventional iteration of this literary type, particularly in its portrayal of the protagonist\u27s unique relationship with time and space. The novel Oblomov by Ivan Goncharov, published at a time when literature was concerned with the education and formation of the individual, challenges the conventional form of the bildungsroman by focusing on a character who appears to be static and does not develop in accordance with the typical trajectory of a coming-of-age narrative. In order to comprehend the rationale behind the inactivity of the eponymous character, as well as the phenomenon observed inRussian society and generically referred to as “Oblomovism”, we will analyze how the perception of time and space influences the formation of Oblomov\u27s personality and differentiates him from his active and lively friend Stolz. The antithesis between the two characters represents a fundamental aspect of the novel, underscoring the contrast between two distinct mentalities shaped by opposing perceptions of time and space. Despite its deviations from the conventional structure of a “Bildungsroman”, the novel Oblomov incorporates sufficient elements of the genre to be regarded as an unconventional iteration of this literary type, particularly in its portrayal of the protagonist\u27s unique relationship with time and space. 
NEGATIVE BI IN ROMANI . INDIC AND IRANIAN CONNECTIONS
No full textNegative bi- is the primary indicator of caritivity in Romani and has been invariably recognized as belonging to the pre-European component of the language. Most lexicographic sources and related studies trace it back to OIA वि vi- ‘un-’, but also acknowledge that an Iranian origin is plausible. In Romani, bi- can function as a preposition, non-verbal privative prefix, conjunction, and verbal prefix. This paper argues that these various constructions can be ascribed to different stages in the development of the language and to different contact scenarios. The limited set of verbs containing a reflex of OIA preverbal वि- vi- and the prototypical circumpositional bi…qo template correspond to an early proto-Romani stage (perhaps late MIA or apabhraṃśa), most certainly prior to the departure from the Indian subcontinent. Strongly adjectival compounds (prefixal bi…qo, bi- + adjectives, bi- + adjectival participles) are more likely to have arisen in a post-Indian context, as a result of contact with Persian or other Iranian languages. Finally, the use of bi as a conjunction with subjunctive verbs must be the result of a later, localized convergence within the Balkan Sprachbund. Drawing on the existing literature and the analysis of various Romani texts, the paper also attempts to disambiguate the morphological status of bi- in genitive nominal formations. The lexical-semantic approach proposed by Lieber (2004) and the picture of overlapping and competing negative prefixes in IE languages outlined by Wackernagel (2009) help explain the functional flexibility and diversity of this lone productive negative prefix as the result of subsequent semantic and functional reconfigurations in various contact scenarios
Stratégies d’autofabulation dans les textes de début d’Annie Ernaux
No full textFollowing the resurgence of texts centered on a single subject, which intensified from 1970 onwards thanks to numerous literary and cultural factors, two different attitudes emerged, one attached to the principle of truth and implying respect for a certain fidelity to the original referential context, and the other ready to partially dissociate itself from reality to allow the emergence of a hybrid narrative identity, constructed by fragmentation and collage, and whose appearance requires an almost intimate contiguity of the referential and fictional. We will propose, in the first part of this article, a rapid study of the meanings of the three different but bordering genres born from these movements – autobiography, the autobiographical novel and autofiction –, with the aim of understanding the meeting points and divergence between them, and in the second part we will attempt to analyze the self-fabulation strategies implemented by Annie Ernaux in her early texts with the aim of softening the border between the lived world and the narrated world. 
Impact de la commémoration du Concile de Nicée I pour le dialogue judéo-chrétien et l’oecuménisme
No full textMany initiatives are celebrating the seventeenth centenary of the Council of Nicaea. It is an opportunity to consider the partition of Judaism and Christianity, the place of Nicaea (325) in Orthodox liturgy and iconography, the notion of heresy and the date of Easter
Scroll, swipe, vote: The mutations of political communication and the impact of TikTok in shaping electoral archetypes in Romania
No full textIn a context where social networks are becoming an increasingly used platform for political communication, TikTok has become a central infrastructure for interaction between voters and political messages from representatives of such organizations, especially among the younger generations. This article explores the relationship between TikTok use and the electoral profiles of Romanian voters, based on a nationally representative survey in which 43% of respondents said they use the platform. The main purposes of using TikTok are watching humorous content (58%) and discovering general news (15%), while only 3% use it for political information. However, approximately 20% of active users say they take into account political information on TikTok “to a great extent” or “to a very great extent”. The article proposes a series of digital archetypes of voters – from the “passive user” to the “politicized consumer” – and analyzes how these digital behaviors overlap with voting intentions, especially in relation to parties occupying both the political mainstream and the opposition constituted as a sovereignist pole or with political figures such as Călin Georgescu – unknown to the general public until November 2024. Through a quantitative approach, the paper highlights the trends of “political infotainment” and the hybridization of civic space with that of digital entertainment. The study provides a framework for understanding new forms of electoral mobilization in a digital environment saturated with intense, short-term, algorithmic and emotional stimuli
Between scepticism and adaptation: Rethinking mobile journalism in Hungary’s constrained media system
No full textThis article examines how mobile journalism (MoJo) is being creatively adapted and professionally integrated by journalists operating in Hungary’s increasingly constrained media environment. In a system marked by political interference, media capture, and shrinking institutional protections, MoJo has gained relevance not only as a flexible, low-cost toolset, but also as a form of journalistic resilience. Drawing on theories of hybrid media systems, professional field dynamics, and adaptation under constraint, the study explores MoJo’s potential to allow journalists to remain visible, autonomous, and connected to audiences despite systemic obstacles. The analysis is based on original survey data gathered from 63 respondents with active journalistic experience, including freelancers, newsroom-affiliated professionals, and journalism students who also work in the field. While perceptions of MoJo’s quality and professional legitimacy remain mixed, many respondents emphasise its practical advantages and alignment with mobile-first media habits. The findings suggest that MoJo’s uptake in Hungary is primarily driven by bottom-up adaptation, especially among those working outside dominant institutional structures. Since this is an exploratory survey, the findings are based on self-reported responses and do not fully reflect how mobile journalism is used in everyday practice. To address this, a follow-up qualitative phase is planned, involving semi-structured interviews with working journalists across generational and institutional lines. Overall, the article argues that MoJo in Hungary represents not just a technological shift, but a professional innovation shaped by vulnerability. It reflects how journalists are reconfiguring their work in response to exclusion, uncertainty, and a rapidly transforming media landscape
Ethical challenges for journalists. Findings from the World of Journalism: Study project
No full textThis article is based on an online survey of 365 journalists, conducted between 2022 and 2023, and explores the evolving Romanian media landscape in the digital age through the lenses of journalistic ethics. Drawing from the quantitative results of the World Journalism Study project, this research aims to provide a nuanced analysis that highlights the ethical challenges of the Romanian journalists dealing with both domestic and international events. The findings show that a majority of the journalists interviewed for the World Journalism Study 2023 project in Romania consider that ethical orientation should always be determined by professional standards regardless of situation and personal judgment. Their professional code of ethics, designed to provide protection against external pressure or internal bias, align with the core principles highlighted by relevant scholars and professionals. However, while they strongly reject controversial reporting methods such as paying for confidential information or accepting money from sources, 75% of the Romanian journalists interviewed for World Journalism Study 2023 project accept the use of hidden recording devices and 50% the use of fake and fabricated identity when public interest is justified