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Measuring The Effectiveess of Consumer Dispute Resolution on Small Value E-Commerce Transaction
No full textThe development of very advanced information technology has changed the pattern of trade carried out by the community. Buying and selling are no longer only carried out directly with the meeting of sellers and buyers in certain places, but can be performed from anywhere with the help of information technology. E-commerce or trade conducted online is growing very rapidly from day to day and has become a lifestyle for people, especially in urban areas. In addition to having a positive impact, e-commerce also has a negative impact, because the laws governing it have not developed as fast as these trading practices. One of the problems is related to the existing settlement institutions. Existing institutions are seen as not being able to properly accommodate consumer disputes that arise. The dispute resolution available is considered conventional and has not accommodated disputes that arise, especially for claims of small value, which make up the majority of the online trading section. In connection with the above description, a research was conducted. The question in this study is how effective is the dispute resolution agency currently available, especially for e-commerce disputes of small value. This research was conducted with a normative juridical method. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the existing dispute resolution institutions cannot be said to be effective, especially in consumer disputes of small value, adequate dispute resolution for claims of small value arising from online buying and selling. From the results of the research, recommendations are given to form existing dispute resolution institutions, especially BPSK, to increase their role and capacity so that they can accommodate small-value disputes quickly and at low cos
Reaktualisasi Hak Atas Pelayanan Kesehatan Mental Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Sebuah Ius Constituendum?
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic has increased the need for mental health services in Indonesia. However, the government hasn't prioritized the mental health aspect in handling the pandemic. The WHO has stated that the COVID-19 pandemic has created a worldwide mental health crisis. This article aims to examine whether the fulfillment of mental health is the state's responsibility, what is the urgency of the fulfillment of mental health services and how is the ius constituendum for the fulfillment of the right to mental health services in Indonesia. By combining doctrinal research and Research-Oriented Reform, this article finds that based on the UDHR, ICESCR, 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Health Law, and Mental Health Law stipulate that the fulfillment of mental health services is the state's responsibility. However, Indonesia law hasn't fulfilled facilities and access to mental health laws. Therefore, the article recommends three things. First, Promulgate the Psychology Practice Bill which regulates the development and management of human resources in the psychology profession. Second, Ratify the Government Regulation of the Mental Health Law regarding the procedures for implementing mental health services. Third, Ratify Regional Regulations to regulate mental health administration's planning, financing, and supervision.Pandemi Covid-19 telah meningkatkan kebutuhan atas pelayanan kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Walaupun demikian, pemerintah belum memprioritaskan aspek kesehatan mental dalam penanganan pandemi. Padahal WHO menyatakan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 telah menciptakan krisis kesehatan mental di seluruh dunia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan mental merupakan tanggung jawab negara dan apakah urgensi pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan mental serta bagaimana ius constituendum pemenuhan hak atas pelayanan kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Dengan menggabungkan metode penelitian doktrinal dan Research Oriented Reform, artikel ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan ketentuan UDHR, ICESCR, UUD NRI 1945, UU Kesehatan dan UU Kesehatan Jiwa, pemenuhan hak atas pelayanan kesehatan mental merupakan tanggung jawab negara. Namun, hak tersebut belum terpenuhi karena minimnya fasilitas serta adanya kekosongan hukum kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Puncaknya artikel ini merekomendasikan tiga hal. Pertama, mengundangkan RUU Praktik Psikologi yang mengatur pengembangan dan manajemen SDM di bidang profesi psikologi. Kedua, mengesahkan Peraturan Pemerintah dari UU Kesehatan Jiwa yang mengatur tata cara pelaksanaan upaya promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan mental. Ketiga, mengesahkan Peraturan Daerah yang mengatur perencanaan, pembiayaan, dan pengawasan penyelenggaraan kesehatanmental
Aksentuasi Kepentingan terbaik Anak dalam Putusan Nafkah sebagai Upaya Penjaminan Hak Asasi Anak
No full textChildren have an important positioning in spheres of human life, starting from the scope of family life to the state, therefore every policy must be able to guarantee the fulfillment of children's rights. This study aims to describe the guarantee of children's human rights through the accentuation of the best interests of children in the decision to make a living. The result of the study is useful as a basis for adaptive thinking for judges in making decisions for children's livelihoods that prioritize the best interests of children. This study uses normative legal research with a philosophy and legislation approach, and a prescriptive analysis method. The accentuation of the best interests of the child in the judge's decision regarding livelihoods must be able to lead to guarantee of the rights of the child's welfare which includes three aspects, namely the presence of parents, condition (maturity and experience) and the environment in which the child lives. The advice given is to remember that living is one of the needs of children to fulfill their natural rights in order to survive and improve their quality of life, so judges should always conduct in-depth studies (ijtihad) in every examination of children's livelihood cases.Anak mempunyai kedudukan penting dalam lingkup kehidupan manusia, mulai dari lingkup kehidupan berkeluarga sampai bernegara, karena itu setiap kebijakan harus dapat menjamin terpenuhinya hak anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penjaminan hak asasi anak melalui aksentuasi kepentingan terbaik anak dalam putusan nafkah. Hasil penelitian berguna sebagai dasar pemikiran adaptif bagi hakim dalam memberikan putusan nafkah anak yang mengedepankan kepentingan terbaik anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filsafat dan perundang-undangan, dan metode analisis preskriptif. Aksentuasi kepentingan terbaik anak dalam putusan nafkah harus dapat menjamin hak kesejahteraan anak yang meliputi tiga aspek yaitu kehadiran orang tua, keadaan (kematangan dan pengalaman) anak dan lingkungan tempat tinggal anak. Saran yang disampaikan adalah mengingat nafkah sebagai salah satu kebutuhan anak untuk memenuhi hak kodratinya agar tetap bertahan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya, maka kepada para hakim hendaknya senantiasa melakukan kajian mendalam (ijtihad) dalam setiap memeriksa perkara nafkah anak
Upaya Perlindungan Anak terhadap Perkara Hadhanah
No full textThe hadhanah often lead to problems regarding law enforcement and the protection of children. The hadhanah case after being decided by the judge turned out to have no executive power when hadhin or hadhinah who had the obligationand responsibility to fulfill hadhanah financing could not implement it. This study aims to determine the efforts that can be made to protect children, especially against hadhanah problems from the perspective of Law Number 35 of 2014. The nature of this research is descriptive and the type of research is normative juridical, with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. Data collection was done by conducting literacy studies, and analyzing qualitatively. The results of the study found a form of legal protection for children as the executorial power against hadhanah case decision based on Law Number 35 of 2014.Problematika hadhanah banyak berujung kepada masalah tentang penegakan hukum dan perlindungan terhadap anak. Perkara hadhanah setelah diputuskan oleh hakim ternyata tidak mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial di mana saat hadhin atau hadhinah yang mempunyai beban dan tanggung jawab untuk memenuhi pembiayaan hadhanah tidak dapat melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk melindungi anak khususnya terhadap masalah hadhanah dalam perspektif UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014. Sifat penelitian ini deskriptif dan jenis penelitiannya yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute appoach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach). Pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan studi literasi, dan penganalisisan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai kekuatan eksekutorial dari putusan perkara hadhanah dalam Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014
A Critical Analysis of the Indonesian Human Rights Action Plan 1998-2020
No full textThis article examines the genesis and evolution of Indonesia's National Human Rights Action Plan (NHRAP), known as Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Ranham), throughout the Reform era from 1998 to 2020. Ranham stands as an important national policy document designed to articulate two primary objectives: first, to delineate how the state integrates human rights principles and norms into its policies; and second, to establish benchmarks for measuring its notable achievements in this domain. Adopted and implemented by successive Indonesian governments, Ranham has been instituted through Presidential Regulations across five distinct phases over two decades of the Reform era. The foundation of Ranham can be traced back to the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (VDPA) of 1993, a seminal international human rights framework. Currently, over 70 countries, Indonesia among them, have formulated their respective versions of Ranham. This article underscores Ranham's role as a manifestation of Indonesia's commitment to advancing the human rights agenda nationally. However, it also identifies a significant challenge: the insufficient conceptualization of human rights, which hampers the robust development and fortification of Indonesia's national human rights framework
An Analysis of Electronic Services Quality in Intellectual Property Using Gap Analysis and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) as Public Service Quality Improvements
No full textThis study measures the quality of Intellectual Property (IP) service accessed through websites (e-services) as the main characteristics of services. It is conducted by reviewing the expected service and the perceived service of service users. The research used an instrument adapted from the E-GovQual model and which was modified according to the characteristics of IP e-services. The calculations and analysis of this study was carried out using gap analysis and importance performance analysis (IPA) techniques on 404 user ratings through online surveys. The results of this research show that the quality of IP e-services implementation has not fully met the needs and expectations of users (96% conformity level or 100%). The main cause of gap in the quality of IP e-services today is caused by gap in the dimensions of support for the public (citizens support; gap score -0.29) and efficiency (efficiency; gap score -0.26). In terms of the IP service standard policy, several important components have not been fully and clearly regulated, both in the delivery process and in the management of services organized electronically. As a priority aspect, building public trust and confidence need to be improved. The supports to the users through information, interaction and transactions are needed to be optimized. Improving service standard policy is a strategy that DGIP needs to consider in meeting the current needs for a better quality of IP e-service
Legal Protection of Trade Secrets over the Potential Disposal of Trade Secrets Under the Re-Engineering Precautions
No full textThe Indonesian Trade Secrets Law Number 30/2000 (ITS Law) postulates exemptions for acts that are not considered infringements to protect trade secrets. One of them is the reverse engineering of other people's trade secrets. The problem is that the ITS Law does not limit the extent to which reverse engineering can be justified. The absence of these limitations also allows attempts to disclose trade secrets under the pretext of reverse engineering. This problem ultimately results in the absence of legal certainty for the protection against trade secret disclosure, which is the sole responsibility of the trade secret owner. This article aims to re-analyze the protection provided by the ITS Law and examine the extent to which the limitations on reverse engineering can be justified in the ITS Law. This article used normative juridical research methods combined with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. It revealed a paradox in the protection of trade secrets against the possibility of trade secret disclosure. This article concluded that changes are necessary to the ITS Law, specifically by adjusting to the basic principles of IPR protection, limiting the extent to which the reverse engineering of other people's trade secrets can be justified, and adding a "Good Faith" clause in performing reverse engineering actions
Covid-19 Mitigation Strategy in Higher Education Institutions: A Qualitative Study at Indonesian Immigration and Correctional Science Colleges
No full textCovid-19 Pandemic is a global issue affecting higher education institutions, including colleges for future government officials like the Polytechnics of Correctional Science and the Polytechnics of Immigration. To present a research article regarding this issue, the qualitative method and the interview technique were used for this purpose. The data were collected based on interviews with actors involved in mitigating Covid-19 in those Polytechnics. As the result of interviews, several strategies for Covid-19 mitigation are obtained. They include strengthening the role of leadership in finding solutions in uncertain conditions, campus zoning, providing quarantine and self-isolating facilities, conducting tracing, testing, treatment, and other health protocols. In addition, the Covid-19 mitigation strategies also include implementing virtual learning methods during pandemics and providing access to anti-virus medicines, vitamins, and other kinds of supplements for employees and students. The campus management also conducts mitigation strategies by accompanying students during isolation, educating students and staff about self-protection from the virus, establishing a campus task force to organize mitigation activities, and also conducting coordination with other stakeholders. Overall, the research shows that the Covid-19 mitigation strategy in Poltekim and Poltekip campuses is quite effective. However, improvements in several areas are needed in the future. Regarding the strategy for Covid-19 mitigation in higher education institutions, the authors recommend several proper prevention strategies such as increasing the number of rooms and facilities to accommodate classes with health protocols and agreeing on a common perception among stakeholders about the learning, coaching, and methods of treatment in these colleges.
Measuring the Concept of Restoration in Criminal Justice System
No full textRegarding the restoration concept such as restorative justice, alternative dispute resolution, circle sentencing, and ishlah, Indonesia's Criminal Justice System is not yet familiar with this concept. Generally, the concept of restoration is not known in Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP) which adheres to the principle of legality. Based on this situation, it is interesting to study the concept of restoration, especially the functionalization of restoration concepts and the readiness of the Indonesian Criminal Justice System to implement the restoration concept. This research used a qualitative research method that discusses the concept and implications of restoration associated with the applicable rules or principles. The results show that the restoration concept, such as alternative dispute resolution, circle sentencing, and ishlah, is a concept that prioritizes the interests of the parties involved, namely the principle of win-win solution and recovery. This concept has long been practiced by the community, especially indigenous peoples and in the Criminal Justice System. It has been functionalized to resolve criminal cases that meet the requirements of both the level of investigation and prosecution as a way of resolving criminal cases. The implications of these concepts on the Indonesian Criminal Justice System are deviations from the principle of legality in the KUHAP. However, these implications are logically acceptable to the community in the framework of equitable and definite legal manifestations. It is recommended that the mechanism for implementing the restoration concept, such as alternative dispute resolution, circle sentencing, ishlah, can be included in the Draft Criminal Procedure Code (RKUHAP). Thus, in the implementation, the restoration concept can be juridically and formally accepted as a principle of the Indonesian Criminal Justice System
Immigration Biometric Data Exchange Among Asean Member States: Opportunities and Challenges in Legislations
No full textBiometric data can be described as data containing human physical characteristics. They can be in the form of fingerprint data, retina scans, and voice recognition. The application of biometrics for immigration purposes reduce the number of terrorism case and illegal migrants in the European Union (EU) territory and the United States. In 2013, biometric data exchange in ASEAN was made possible with the Bali Process Protocol. By a qualitative research methodology, using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) analysis, this research attempts to find the legal obstacles as the main barriers in implementing biometric data exchange in the ASEAN region. This study finds that not all ASEAN countries have laws on personal data protection, which affect the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) related to how the biometric data will be retrieved, processed, and managed, as well as the actions required if there is a violation of the law related to the SOP. This study suggests that ASEAN can accommodate the EU's framework, by using the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a single standard in the application of Data Protection regulations for the biometric data exchange system in ASEAN.