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Surgical management of distal third Femoralfractures using retrograde nail
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Distal third femur fractures are often difficult to treat and they are notorious. For many complications like knee stiffness, quadricep wasting, knee instability, malunion, non-union, joint incongruity,shortening, prolonged bed-rest and post-traumatic osteoarthritis after treated conservatively. Intramedullary retrograde nailing reduces the tendency of varus movement at fracture site and bending movement substantially reduced. Failure of fixation in osteoporteic bone should be less. Retrograde supracondylar nail has got advantages of preservation of fracture hematoma, decreased blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection and other complications like knee-stiffness, less operative time and reduced rate of infection, mal union, non-union, quadricep wasting, prolonged bed rest. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the results of supracondylar femur fracture treated by open/ closed reduction and internal fixation using retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nail in respect of knee-flexion, early weight bearing and return to pre-fracture state of patient. Methods: 25 patients with supracondylar femur fracturewere studied . RIS nail was inserted through intercondylar notch. These nails have advantage of being load shearing devices, requiring little soft tissue dissection, infrequently needing bone grafting and technically easier. Preserving fracture hematoma, decreased blood loss, less operative time and decreased infection. Results: In 25 patients, male predominate (88%)in this study. RTA was the chief cause of fracture. Surgery were performed within 6.92 days average, There were 7 open of which 5 gustilo type 2 , 2 gustilo type3 and 18 closed type of fracture radiological unionwas possible in 16.16 weeks. Average patient was followed up for 11.48 months. Average knee flexion of 100°. There were 8knee pain, 4 shortening,3 with protruding nail into knee joint,1delayed union,2 superficial infection. Using Neer’s scoring system there were 56% excellent,16% good, 24% fair, 1% poor results. Interpretation and Conclusion: Retrograde intramedullary nailing is a good fixation system for supracondylar femur fractures with less operative time and blood loss. By closed reduction, not disturbing fracture hematoma and even in open reduction less soft tissue dissection and thus reducing complications like infection, stiffness, distal screw related local symptom is a common problem and is related to implant and technique and has a definite learning curve. Utmost aseptic precautiongreat care required to prevent infection. Non-requirement of bone graft decreases the morbidity. Early surgery, closed reduction, at least two screws in each fragment and early post operative knee mobilization are essential for good union and good knee range of motion
Trigeminal Neuralgia with respect– Electrophysiological and MagneticResonance Image
Get PDFWith more and more advances in the field of electrophysiological studies and techniques, with improvised and advanced neuroimaging techniques, the diagnostic accuracy has increased over the years. Although satisfactory treatment of this condition is still to come, pharmacotheurapcitics and drug trails are ongoing for the search of novel drugs for better control of symptoms. In the last few decades, surgery either external or percutanous procedures has provided a number of treatment options in terms of cost effectiveness, minimal invasiveness and morbidity. Maxillary and mandibular divisions were more frequently involved with higher incidence of left side involvement. 45.1% reported definite triggering factor/factors with tactile stimulus and cold face wash being the common triggering factors. 83.8% complained symptoms as electric shock like sensation followed by intense stabbing / pricking and burning pain in 70.9% and 67.0% respectively. Latencies of blink reflex were absent or prolonged in 41.9% of patients. 80% of patients with abnormal blink reflex hadabnormalities in MRI too which was statistically significant (P=0.007). Severity of pain did not correlate with either MRI or EPS (P>0.05
Extracellular enzymatic potential and antimicrobialactivity of endophytic fungal isolates from Operculinaturpethum-an endangered medicinal plant
Get PDFTwenty eight fungal isolates of endophytic nature were isolated from different plant parts (leaf and root) of Operculina turpethum-an endangered medicinal plant by inoculating them on different medium (Malt Extract, Sabouraud Dextrose, Czapek Dox and Potato Dextrose Agar medium).Screening of these fungal isolates for different enzymes (extracellular) showed maximum number of amylase, protease, lipase and lasparaginase producers.57% of isolates showed good phosphate solubilisation potential. All the fungal endophytes were also evaluated for the inhibitory activity against three fusarial pathogen. Data recorded on percent growth inhibition exhibited good scoring index of leaf 4 and root 4 against Fusarium chlamydosporum and Fusarium tricinctum. Results indicated the occurrence of good number of endophytic fungi having lot of potential to be exploited for the industrial purpose
Metabolic synergy of breast cancer cells with tumor microenvironment: Interactionof breast cancer cells with normal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts andadipocytes in vitro
Get PDFTumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role on the progression and metastasis of tumors because of metabolic coupling and interaction between nonmalignant cells in the TME and cancer cells. We have investigated the role of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF), normal fibroblasts (NF) and adipocytes on the growth ofbreast carcinoma cells in vitro. Additionally, the anti-glycolytic effects of supercritical CO extract of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb) (CA) on both conventional and 2 reverse Warburg effects were studied in the monocultures of CAF (CAF-05), NF (CCL-110), adipocytes (HPAd) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and co-cultures of breast cancer cells with CAFs, NF and HPAd. CA was highly cytotoxic to CAF-05 and MCF-7 cell lines compared to CCL-110 and HPAd cell lines. CA inhibited ATP synthesis in monocultures and co-cultures, though the rate of inhibition is higher in co-cultures than MCF-7 monoculture. Although non-malignant cell lines (CAF-05, CCL-110 and HPAd) have lower levels of lactate synthesis than MCF-7 cells, inhibitory effect of CA is more pronounced in co-cultures of MCF-7 with CAF-05, CCL110 and HPAd cells, respectively than MCF-7 cells alone. Gene expression studies showed that although transcripts of glycolysis-associated genes HIF-1á, MCT1, MCT4, Caveolin-1 and GLUT1 were present in non-malignant monocultures, protein translation of these genes were absent. Treatment of co-cultures of MCF-7+CAF-05 and MCF-7+HPAd cells with supercritical CO extract of mango ginger [Curcuma amada Roxb. (CA) - 5 g/ml] down 2 regulated MCT1, MCT4, and Caveolin-1 proteins. CA treatment also inhibited HIF-1á and GLUT1 protein expression in co-cultures of MCF-7+HPAd cells. These results indicate that CA inhibits both Warburg and reverse Warburg effects in TME
Loading and Release of 6-Mercaptopurine from Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using Fusion Method
Get PDFMost of the existing anticancer drugs are very potent small molecules; their efficacy is constrained by their systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic window, low drug loading, size control, scale up, cost of formulation but also as a result of drug resistance and limited cellular entry. In the last few years, carbon nanotubes have been projected as a promising carrier for many drugs including anticancer agents because of the high surface area and efficient targeting capabilities. The present work is an attempt to investigate the potentialities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a carrier for targeting 6 Mercaptopurine to cancer tissues. MWCNTs were carboxy functionalized and then loaded with 6 Mercaptopurine (6MP) using the Fusion method to produce 6MP loaded CNTs. The conjugate was characterized for drug loading efficiency, in vitro drug release and release kinetics. The result indicated that a maximum of about 65% entrapment was achieved. The loaded nanotubes were shown to release the drug for more than 20 hours and thus controlling the release. The release was found to follow the Zero Order and Hixson Crowell release pattern. Our work established a novel, easy to prepare formulation of MWCNTs with better drug loading efficiency and increased dispersibility of CNTs and thus bioavailability at cancer site with reduced systemic toxicity
Clinical and Radiological Profile with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Get PDFThe clinical description of severe facial pain, which is now known as trigeminal neuralgia. The tic refers mainly to the visible effects of the brief and paroxysmal pain that in classic trigeminal neuralgia lasts only a few seconds. The pain is reported as one of the most excruciating painsyndromes. It has been known to drive patients with trigeminal neuralgia to the brink of suicide. The pain is severe that it often causes the patient to wince or make an aversive head movement as if trying to escape the pain thus producing an obvious movement or tic. The study was conductedin 31 patients. All these patients were chosen from both inpatient as well as outpatient department. A detailed history of illness followed by clinical examination and investigations as detailed was done in all these patients. Pain was characteristically paroxysmal in all our patients, but in 12.9%patients pain was paroxysmal to begin with, but later became continuous. Mean duration of illness in these patients was 5.7 years. Age, sex and quality of pain did not show correlation with MRI and electrophysiological studies
Study of Lichen Planus and its different types andassociated conditions
Get PDFLichen planus is associated with significant morbidity because of the severe itching that most of the patients suffer from and also due to post-inflammatory pigmentation seen at the site of lesions that is quiteresistant to treatment. Even though lichen planus has been described as self-limiting disease, it has been shown that the recurrences in the disease are quite common. Another cause of concern is the developmentof squamous cell carcinoma in few cases of oral lichen planus and hypertrophic lichen planus. Objectives of the study are;1. To study different clinical types of lichen planus.2. To study association of lichen planus with other diseases3. To study histological features in different clinical types of lichen planusAfter taking history, a thorough general physical examination was done to look for any other associatedabnormalities. Systemic examination was done in all cases to look for any systemic abnormalities whichwere noted. Cutaneous examination was done with regard to the morphology of the lesions, configurationof the lesions, distribution of the lesions, presence or absence of Koebner’s phenomenon. Oral mucosa,genital mucous membrane & nails were examined to look for any associated lesions. In our study noassociation of lichen planus was seen with hepatitis C, hepatitis B and liver abnormalities. Diabetes mellitusand hypertension were common associated systemic disease, while alopecia areata and vitiligo wereassociated cutaneous disorders
Histopathological study of benign lesions oflarge intestine – A cross sectional study
Get PDFThe present study was conducted at Department of Pathology J.N. Medical College, Belgaum. The present study reveals that the lesions of large intestine predominantly occur in the age group of 30 – 60 years. Majority of the lesions are found in males. Thus the distribution of lesions of large intestine according to age and sex and histopathological study helps us for early diagnosis, for appropriate treatment, for preventing complications and prognosis which in turn reduces mortality. The present study was conducted at Department of Pathology J.N. Medical College, Belgaum. The present study reveals that the lesions of large intestine predominantly occur in the age group of 30 – 60 years. Majority of the lesions are found in males. Thus the distribution of lesions of large intestine according to age and sex andhistopathological study helps us for early diagnosis, for appropriate treatment, for preventing complications and prognosis which in turn reduces mortalit
Role of Machine Learning in Computational Toxicity Prediction
Get PDFIt is necessary to do study on how to predict toxicity since actually conducting toxicity testing may be both time-consuming and expensive.Bioinformatics tools can save time and money. Ever since its start, it has consistently delivered results. The process of analysing andclassifying data is an essential component of bioinformatics. Because of their speed and low cost, in silico approaches have gainedpopularity in recent years for evaluating the kinetic and toxic behaviour of drugs. Machine learning is a potent tool for exploring in vitro andin vivo data for previously undiscovered complicated combinatorial associations. It has found useful applications in areas as varied aspredicting pharmacodynamic characteristics and protein activities, identifying spam, locating oil spills, and recognising human voices.Algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Self Organizing Maps (SOMs), as well asthe difficulties they present, the potential ties they may one day forge, and the web-based toxicity prediction tools have been discussed inthis article
Effect of water purification methods on waterborne pathogenAeromonas spp. from Surat water distribution system
Get PDFThe occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in water supply of Surat city was monitored from several samples like four main water works, nine different pumping station and different customer usage water samples for aperiod of 1 year. The selective isolation was carried out by using membrane filter technique using MAeromonas selective media and selective isolation was done on Rippey Cabelli agar plate. Total 199 isolates were obtained. There are 22 different species of Aeromonas known till date, out of which 11 species are commonly found in aquatic environment. According to the research work, 9 different isolates of Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the water samples under study they are Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas Salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Aeromonas schubertii, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas euccrenophila, Aeromonas trota and Aeromonas popoffii. The growth range of Aeromonasshows seasonal variation more often during the warmer month