Dataverse World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
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Replication data for: Identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) landraces from Eastern and Central Kenya using a morphological and molecular approach
No full textLocal mangos (Mangifera indica L.) are highly valued for home consumption in rural Kenya and are regarded by the local population to be comparatively drought tolerant and less susceptible to pests and diseases than the i
mproved varieties. These are characteristics which make them interesting for improvement and breeding purposes. To date, research on Kenyan mangos has mainly focused on introduced and commercial varieties, whereas information on local varieties and landraces is lacking. We present the first comprehensive morphological and molecular characterisation of local mango landraces from Eastern and Central Kenya. Thirty-eight local mango trees were sampled and characterized by 75 selected qualitative (44) and quantitative (31) morphological descriptors selected from the descriptor list developed for mango by Bioversity International (former IPGRI). Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using first all variables and finally only 10 selected key descriptors. Additionally, dried mango leaves from the same 38 trees were used for molecular classification with 19 simple sequence repeat markers. Genetic relatedness between the mango samples was visualized using a dendrogram based on Neiâs genetic distance and Neighbor Joining methods. Morphological characterisation resulted in six distinct clusters, and molecular analysis in eight clusters, which partly supported the morphological classification. Four of the eight molecular clusters were consistent and molecular results confirmed morphological classification in
these cases. Identification of local mango landraces using morphological traits can be considered as
satisfying under field conditions, e.g. for rootstock identification in nurseries, but environmental conditions may influence the results. Molecular marker analysis is more expensive, but independent from environmental influences and thus suitable for identification of landraces in field genebanks and for breeding purposes. Outcomes of the present study can form the basis for urgently needed f
uture conservation efforts, including circa situ conservation on farms and the development of âconservation through useâ strategies for local mango landraces in Kenya
Replication data for: Diagnosis of farming systems in the Agroforestry for Livelihoods of Smallholder farmers in Northwestern Viet Nam project
No full textThe ‘Agroforestry for Livelihoods of Smallholder farmers in Northwestern Viet Nam’ project (2011–2016) focuses on agroforestry trials on farms in the northwestern mountainous region of the country. The objective of the study was to make an inventory of the current upland farming systems and identify key strengths and weaknesses of each system, including economic efficiency. The farming system diagnosis was based on participatory assessments and focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 45 project ‘farmer co-operators’ in 17 villages in Yen Bai, Son La and Dien Bien provinces. The study covered three agro-ecozones and four ethnic groups: less than 600 masl, generally populated by Kinh (two villages); 600–800 masl, dominated by Thai (six villages) and greater than 800 masl, including H’mong and Kho Mu (nine villages). The economic assessment accounts for annual inputs and labor costs. To our knowledge, there was no previous systematic study at this scale. The inventory identified over 20 different farming sy
stems. However, regardless of agro-ecozones and ethnicity, the predominant land-use on upland slopes was mono-cultivation of staple crops. Over 90% of the farmer co-operators grew maize, which was also the main source of income for 82%. The estimated economic profit of this system ranged from below VND 1 million to 12.5 million per hectare per year. The main drawback of this system was declining soil fertility and yields. In addition, upland farmers’ profits were generally low, ranging from VND 2.4 million (maize) through VND 20 million (cassava with shan tea) to VND 26 million (tomato) per hectare per year. Profits were lower at higher elevations. This was because 1) in response to declining soil fertility, increased amounts of fertilizers were applied but the productivity failed to compensate for increasing production costs; 2) local varieties of hill rice and maize seem to have degenerated; 3) farmers sold unprocessed grains and tubers at low, and volatile, prices because their market access and storage capacity was limited; and 4) the estimated labour costs in this study might be overestimated for distant fields. Farmers, therefore, wanted to find alternative farming systems, however, few were aware of appropriate tree-based conservation farming practices. Certain types of agroforestry existed on a small scale, for example, home gardens with fruit trees or coffee with timber trees or fruit trees as shade (in Son La), cassava intercropped with shan tea (in Yen Bai), cardamom under forest canopy (in Dien Bien). This study identified several potential agroforestry models, for example, a combination of staple crops for short-term income, grass strips for protection from soil erosion and feed, and trees for medium-to-longer-term income. The findings of the study will help identify agroforestry systems with potential for wider adoption and will lay the groundwork for the design or redesign of effective agroforestry research in the region
Documenting Adaptation Strategies and Coping Responses of Smallholder Farmers and the Role of Trees in Enhancing Resilience at Selected Watersheds in the Philippines
No full textPaper not yet published
Food Trees Project Data Collection Tools: Socio-Economic and Farm production
No full textExcel Form used to author the survey in ODK for the Food Trees Project, Socio-Economic and Farm production data
Also the Food Trees project Socio-economic questionnair
Can intensification reduce emission intensity of biofuel through optimized fertilizer use? Theory and the case of oil palm in Indonesia
No full textClosing yield gaps through higher fertilizer use increases direct greenhouse gas emissions but shares the burden over a larger production volume. Net greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints per unit product under agricultural intensification vary depending on the context, scale and accounting method. Life cycle analysis of footprints includes attributable emissions due to (i) land conversion (‘fixed cost’); (ii) external inputs used (‘variable cost’); (iii) crop production (‘agronomic efficiency’); and (iv) postharvest transport and processing (‘proportional’ cost). The interplay between fixed and variable costs results in a nuanced opportunity for intermediate levels of intensification to minimize footprints. The fertilizer level that minimizes the footprint may differ from the economic optimum. The optimization problem can be solved algebraically for quadratic crop fertilizer response equations. We applied this theory to data of palm oil production and fertilizer use from 23 plantations across the Indonesian production range. The current EU threshold requiring at least 35% emission saving for biofuel use can never be achieved by palm oil if produced: (i) on peat soils, or (ii) on mineral soils where the C debt due to conversion is larger than 20 Mg C ha-1, if the footprint is calculated using an emission ratio of N2O–N/N fertilizer of 4%. At current fertilizer price levels in Indonesia, the economically optimized N fertilizer rate is 344–394 kg N ha-1, while the reported mean N fertilizer rate is 141 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and rates of 74–277 kg N ha-1 would minimize footprints, for a N2O–N/N fertilizer ratio of 4–1%, respectively. At a C debt of 30 Mg C ha1, these values are 200–310 kg N ha-1. Sustainable weighting of ecology and economics would require a higher fertilizer/yield price ratio, depending on C debt. Increasing production by higher fertilizer use from current 67% to 80% of attainable yields would not decrease footprints in current production conditions
CAFHUT SL Calculated Household Indicators
No full textCalculated household indicators for the CAFHUT sentinel landscape
Mekong Household Baseline
No full textThis study consists of sex-disaggregated data and other related materials generated as part of the Sentinel Landscapes Network household survey baseline in Mekong sentinel site in China, Thailand and Laos. A total of 1982 households were surveyed between October to November 2014, January 2015 and January to March 2016 from 60 villages namely: MengLuo, ZhuShiHe, Lantianxiazhai & Dahuangba, DingJiaZhai, YangJiaZhai, DaBa, Mengyeba & Chahe, ManSa, Dazhai & Xiaofang, LanTianShangZhai, DingJiaShangZhai, PaXiHe, ZhangJiaWan, JiuMiao, XinZhai, Manda, Manfa, Mangajian, Mankong, Manlao, Manleidai, ManLeine, Manlongdong, Manluanga, Manna, Mansaojing, Mantang, Manyingdai , Manyingne, Manyuan, Ban Hok, Ban Krueng Tai, Ban Kwak Nuea, Ban Lo, Ban Luang, Ban Muangchoom, Ban Nern Somboon, Ban San, Ban Sri Mongkol, Ban Srivilai, Ban Tha Chareon, Ban Thakham, Ban Tong, Ban Tonplong, Ban Yai Nuea, Sienglea, Phiahuanam, Phonsa At, Napa, Namet, Thamun, Pangthong, Huaylor, Nangoua, Mang, Namtouy, Yor, Lai Gnai, Muanghom, Nalai. The data consists of information on household demographics, migration, education, asset ownership, income sources, household food security, progress out of poverty, crop production and sales, livestock products, participation in credit markets, social networks, and natural resource use. In compliance with the CGIAR protocol on collecting sex-disaggregated data, approximately 50% of the respondents interviewed were women. Before downloading any of the files, particularly the data files, please download and read the ’Sentinel Landscapes Network Disclaimer and Terms of Use’ file
