Kaduna Journal of Geography
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Assessing the Role of Gender-Inclusive Language in Promoting the Representation of Women in Leadership Roles within Higher Education Institutions in Kaduna State
No full textThe persistent underrepresentation of women in leadership positions within higher education institutions remains a significant gender equity concern, particularly in regions with entrenched sociocultural norms. This study examines the role of gender-inclusive language as a strategic tool for promoting the visibility and representation of women in leadership roles across higher education institutions in Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study examines the language and socio-cultural barriers that hinder women’s leadership prospects, with a focus on the impact of gendered language in institutional communications and leadership dynamics. A mixed-methods approach was employed, comprising content analysis of institutional documents (including job advertisements and promotional materials), semi-structured interviews with academic and administrative staff, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with religious and community leaders within the study area. Thirty participants were selected for the interview, and thirty participants partake in the FGDs who were selected through judgmental sampling. The data was analyzed using NVivo software for content analysis. The analysis revealed that the language employed in these official documents is consistently gender-neutral. Notably, no significant instances of masculine-coded terms or explicitly gendered phrases were identified, revealing this neutrality. This result indicates that formal institutional language is not a barrier to gender-inclusive leadership representation. It concludes that promoting gender-inclusive language is not merely a semantic issue but a crucial step toward advancing gender equity and empowering more women to assume leadership positions in the higher education sector. However, to further promote gender inclusivity, the study recommends ongoing monitoring of institutional communications and the implementation of measures to address subtler biases.
The Role of Smallholder Farmers in Enhancing Food Security in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State
No full textThis study investigated the role of smallholder farmers in enhancing food security in Chikun Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State. A structured questionnaire was administered to 400 hundred respondents that were selected from four wards in the Local Government Area. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data. The study revealed that 60.0% of the smallholder farmers were engaged in the production of grains such as maize, rice and beans and 7.9 % of them were engaged in livestock production. They attributed the low proportion of smallholder farmers engaged in livestock production to the high cost associated with livestock farming and the corresponding lack of skills in livestock production. In all, 27.9% of the smallholder farmers indicated that the most significant challenge faced by the smallholder farmers was lack of access to credit facilities. The study suggested the need for government at all levels to provide affordable credit facilities to the farmers to enhance their productive capacities. Also, the both the state and Local Government should create policies that will ensure the prioritization of the needs of smallholder farmers through the provision of grants, technical assistance and livelihood infrastructure
Analysis of Thermal Comfort Trend of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
No full textThe aim of the study was to describe the Thermal Comfort of Kaduna Metrplis. The Thermo-hygrometric Index (THI), mean monthly Temperature and Relative Humidity values of Kaduna metropolis were sourced from Nigerian Meteorological Egency (Nimet) (2009 - 2023). THI values were derived, categorized, and used to determine the Thermal Comfort trend. The result revealed an increasing trend in THI throughout the study period, with the months of May and April having the hotter thermal comfort index (>25°C) compared to other months of the year. The months of December and January recorded the less hot thermal comfort index (17-22 °C). The year 2019, was the hottest year with mean annual THI of >24.5 °C. The study concluded that the thermal comfort of the study area was on the increase towards the discomfort level. Based on the findings, the study recommended green Kaduna initiative that would encourage tree planting, heat stress awareness and adaptation campaign and urban decongestion policies 
A Comparison Between Linear and Non-Linear Spectral Unmixing Methods
No full textSpectral unmixing is a key process in identifying the spectral signature of materials and quantifying their spatial distribution over an image. This paper aims to investigate linear and nonlinear methods used to solve spectral unmixing problems, the methods were compared based on their prediction accuracy, robustness against noise and computational time using laboratory simulated data. Results show that the nonlinear methods outperform the linear methods in terms of prediction accuracy and robustness against noise but are computationally more expensive
Livelihood Challenges and Coping Strategies of The Inhabitants of a Hilly Area: A Study of Mafan Community in Kaura Local Area
No full textThe study explores the livelihood, challenges and coping strategies of the people of MafanTakad of Kaura LGA of Kaduna State. The purpose of the study was to examine the physical conditions at Mafan and to assess their survival strategies with a view to suggesting some measures in solving their challenges. Data were obtained by the use of questionnaire that was administered to 247 people based on their availability and consent. Frequency table and percentages were used to analyze the data. Pair-wise ranking was used to prioritize the needs of the people. The result showed that there were more males who are married than females in the community represented by 413 to 294 respectively, with a total of 707 people. The findings further revealed that the people are closely attached to their natural environment and farming is their main means of livelihood. Other activities ike hunting, wild collection and palm- wine-tapping, are done more during the dry season when farming activities are over.The people rely more on the use of herbs to treat themselves. Security wise, the Mafan people have experienced several attacks from bandits, popularly called “unknown gun men”. Despite the security challenges, the people have no intention of leaving their ancestral homes
Analysis of The Spatio-Temporal Variations in The Nature and Volume of Migrants’ Remittances in Kogi State, Nigeria
No full textThis study assessed the spatio-temporal variation of the nature and volume of Remittance in Kogi State Nigeria. The data utilized were the socio-demographic characteristics of migrants and the nature and volume of remittance in the study area. 400 samples of questionnaires were administered purposively to two (2) communities each of Ajaokuta, Ogori, Okene, Ankpa, Dekina, Ibaji, Lokoja, Kabba Bunu, and Yagba West LGAs. Descriptive statistics and GIS were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that 43.2% of the migrants were between 20 - 30 years old, and 69.4% had stayed more than 6 years away from home. With regards to the form of remittance, the study revealed that 74% of respondents receive monetary remittance, as against a few (26%) who receive non-monetary remittance. 34.8% of respondents who receive monetary gifts receive between ₦20,000 – ₦40,000 while 16.2% receive more than ₦50,000. Also, 34.9% of respondents get non-monetary items like electronics, while a few 3.0% get farm tools. The study further revealed that, in terms of the temporal distribution of monetary remittances, most LGAs in the study area received more remittances in 2012. A total of ₦5,851,000 was received in 2012, with Lokoja LGA receiving the highest (26.8%) with ₦1,573,000 and Ibaji LGA receiving the lowest (2.2%) with ₦180,000. The lowest (₦1,367,000) amount of remittance was received in 2020 during the study period. In 2020, Lokoja LGA also received the highest (26.04%) remittance with ₦356,000 while Yagba-West had the least (2.9%) of the total remittance with ₦40,000. The spatial distribution of remittances indicates that the total average remittance received during the study period ranged between ₦958,000 - ₦11,786,000. For the period of the study, Lokoja LGA received the highest monetary remittance, which ranged between ₦8,580,000 - ₦11,786,000 while Ibaji and Yagba-West received the lowest monetary remittance, which ranged between ₦958,000 – ₦1,443,000. The study thus recommends that policies and programs aimed at enhancing the positive impacts of remittances should focus on promoting entrepreneurship and reducing the dependency of households on remittances
Assessment of Renewable Energy and its Role for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
No full textEnergy diversification is a panacea for energy deficiency and an essential precursor for energy security and sustainability but has not received due attention in Nigeria. This study assessed renewable energy and its role for sustainable development, with a view to examining its renewable energy trends and providing strategic assessments for sustainable energy development. This is important because Nigeria has been battling energy deficiencies and its conventional energy sources pose high levels of risks to human health and the environment. To assess diversification index, the energy mix concentration index method (a modified version of the Herfindahl–Hirschman index) was used and the diversification trend (2000–2018) was examined using data from Our World in Data and Macro Trends, and compared to top African economies. Nigeria was one of the least diversified countries with an index of 0.74. Pearson’s correlation was also used to test the relationship between Nigeria’s gross domestic product and renewable energy transitions, and it showed no significant effect. The pattern of renewable energy trends in Nigeria reflects the multiple fuel-use hypothesis rather than the energy ladder and leapfrogging hypotheses. Policy makers in Nigeria should commit to increasing investments in renewable energy, create awareness and implement workable frameworks to facilitate energy diversification. This report highlights the need to pursue clean, renewable energy rather than dependence on harmful fossil fuels, in line with the attainment of the Nations’ sustainable development goals
Assessing the Multi-Temporal Changes of Soil Salinity and Waterlogging in Ismailia City, Egypt
No full textIn this study, multi-temporal changes in soil salinity and water logging in Ismailia City, Egypt were analysed based on classification results acquired using the pixel-based and object-based approaches. Landsat images from 1986, 2000 and 2006 were used to carry out the image classification and ground truth data were collected from reconnaissance surveys, geological maps, Google Earth and personal knowledge. In pixel-based analysis, supervised classification was performed using maximum likelihood as the classifier with ERDAS Imagine. On the other hand, object-oriented image analysis was evaluated through eCognition software using the feature tool as the basis for classification. Results of the classified images show that the object-oriented approach gave an overall accuracy of 95.9%, 96.1% and 96.1% which was slightly higher than the pixel-based analysis with overall accuracy of 82.26%, 82.14% and 83.21% respectively. Change detection techniques including Image ratioing, image differencing and change vector analysis were deployed and analyzed to depict the history of changes as well as the spatial distribution of changes between the period of study. Results show that the study area experienced a decrease of 22.15KM2 and an increase of about 155.01 KM2 in soil salinity and waterlogging yearly between 1986 and 2006, it was also observed that waterlogged areas decreased towards the northeast and increased towards the west, southwest and southeast part of the study area. These findings suggest that remote sensing is a useful tool to detect saline soils and waterlogged areas
Assessment of The Effect of Urban Renewal on Vegetation in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna State
No full textThe study assessed the effect of urban renewal on vegetation within Kaduna North. The study used Landsat imageries between the year 2016 and 2023. The characteristics of the Landsat images are; Landsat 7 (30m resolution), Landsat 7 ETM+ (30m resolution) and Landsat 8 Oli/TIRS (30m resolution). Landsat images of 2016 and 2023 was classified into two different categories/polygons viz: built-up and vegetation. The result revealed that the NDVI map (2016) lowest point to be 0.0528414 which according to the NDVI correspond to barren areas, sand and built-up. The highest point of the map revealed to be 0.34144. These represent the green-coloured areas on the map which according to NDVI such value of 0.2-0.3 represent shrubs, farmlands and grassland. Also, the 2023 NDVI map revealed the lowest point to be -0.177581 which according to the NDVI correspond to barren areas, sand and built-up. This indicate a clear distinction from figure 4.6 which the lowest value is -0.0528414. This indicates in increase in the built-up areas and decrease in vegetation within the study area. The highest point of the map revealed to be 0.432848. These represent the green-coloured areas on the map which according to NDVI such value of 0.2-0.3 represent shrubs, farmlands and grassland. Percentage change in area covered for vegetation in 2016 (10.23%) that is 7.18km2 compared to the area covered by vegetation in 2023 which is 4.36% that is 3.06km2. This implies that 4.12km2 representing 5.87% of the total land loss to built-up areas for the urban renewal projects in the study area while the extent of magnitude of land use land cover change in Kaduna North LGA revealed that farmlands and vegetation are both with negative values (Rate=-0.32km2 and -0.59km2) respectively to represent decrease in the total area covered. The study concludes that despites the loss in vegetation at the onset of the urban renewal, the NDVI map of 2023 of the study area revealed an increase in green areas (vegetation) within the study area. This is attributed to wide spread of horticulturist and consistent growth of plants along major roads such as Swimming pool road, Isa Kaita Road, Ali Akilu Road and Tafawa Balewa Way. The study recommends further spread of horticultures within the city to improve the urban beautification and in return increase the vegetation and modify the microclimate of the study area
Assessing the Response of Biocapacity To Landuse Landcover Dynamics in Kaduna State From 2000 To 2020
No full textThe dynamics of Biocapacity (BC) of Kaduna State was determined over the last two decades between year 2000 and 2020. The BC per capita was also established and used to compare with national averages for BC and Ecological Footprint (EF). Land use Land Cover (LULC) classification data for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 for Kaduna State was extracted from the global LULC data provided by the Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD). Data was imported into the QGIS 3.3 environment and used to manipulate the data. Calculation factors for BC (yield factors and equivalence factors) were obtained from the Global Footprint Network (GFN) National Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts. The LULC analysis indicate steady decline in grassland (-19.3%) and forestland (-4.1%) covers over the entire period studied. Conversely, a steady increase in the amount of cropland (+37%) and infrastructure (91.6%) was recorded throughout the same period. Furthermore, results indicate a total BC of 3,604,738gha, 3,934,588gha, and 3,762,599gha for years 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. Moreover, for the same periods, the BC/capita were determined to be 0.73gha, 0.57gha and 0.4gha respectively. By comparing these values with the average national EF/capita of 1.18 (2000), 1.28 (2010) and 0.9 (2020), a deficit of -0.45 (2000), -0.71 (2010) and -0.5 were recorded for the state over the period under study. It is hoped that healthy population growth and properly managed infrastructural development will give a better outlook for the biocapacity of the state