Canadian Studies in Population (Journal)
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Household bednet ownership and use in Ghana: Implications for malaria control
No full textThe distribution of insecticide bednets has become a key malaria control strategy in endemic regions. The literature, however, points to a gap between availability and use. Using nationally representative household data from Ghana, this study investigates the factors that associate with household bednet ownership and use among minor children. The results indicate that more than half of Ghanaian households do not own any bednet; while among those who do, household crowding and other socio-demographic factors tend to impede their use. This notwithstanding, the analysis suggests that scaling up bednet distribution could facilitate increased use among vulnerable populations
Cohabitation and social engagement
No full textIn Canada, nonmarital cohabitation has become a normative life experience, but there are uncertainties regarding its contribution to social cohesion. This article compares and contrasts cohabitation with marriage (and other marital statuses) on two dimensions of social engagement:social networks and prosocial behaviour. The study employs GSS-17 microdata and logistic regression analysis. The findings illustrate that social engagement is similar among cohabitors and the married
Evaluation of small area population estimates produced by Housing Unit, Ratio-correlation and Component Method II compared to 2000 Census counts
No full textThis paper evaluates small area population estimates produced by the Housing Unit Method, Ratio-correlation Method, Component Method II, and the average of all three methods compared to the 2000 Census counts for the 254 counties and 1,279 places in Texas. This evaluation of three estimation methods shows the expected patterns of error by population size and population change. Of the three methods tested, no single method produced more accurate estimates than the average of two or three methods. The assessment of the accuracy of the place-level estimates show substantially higher levels of errors than those found for counties
Income management strategies of older couples in Canada
No full textIn this study, the income management strategies of Canadian couples are examined using data from the 2007 General Social Survey. The extent to which “older” couples, in which at least one spouse or partner is aged 45 or older, employ an allocative, pooled, or separate strategy is explored.Results show that the income management strategies used by these couples are correlated with relationship characteristics, such as common-law status, duration of relationship, and presence of children. As well, the likelihood of using a separate approach is positively correlated with levels of educational attainment and with the amount of income received by wives or female partners
Using cohort change ratios to estimate life expectancy in populations with negligible migration: A new approach
No full textCensus survival methods are the oldest and most widely applicable methods of estimating adult mortality, and for populations with negligible migration they can provide excellent results. The reason for this ubiquity is threefold: (1) their data requirements are minimal in that only two successive age distributions are needed; (2) the two successive age distributions are usually easily obtained from census counts; and (3) the method is straightforward in that it requires neither a great deal of judgment nor “data-fitting” techniques to implement. This ubiquity is in contrast to other methods, which require more data, as well as judgment and, often, data fitting. In this short note, the new approach we demonstrate is that life expectancy at birth can be computed by using census survival rates in combination with an identity whereby the radix of a life table is equal to 1 (l0 = 1.00). We point out that our suggested method is less involved than the existing approach. We compare estimates using our approach against other estimates, and find it works reasonably well. As well as some nuances and cautions, we discuss the benefits of using this approach to estimate life expectancy, including the ability to develop estimates of average remaining life at any age. We believe that the technique is worthy of consideration for use in estimating life expectancy in populations that experience negligible migration
Support Vector Machines as tools for mortality graduation
No full textA topic of interest in demographic and biostatistical analysis as well as in actuarial practice,is the graduation of the age-specific mortality pattern. A classical graduation technique is to fit parametric models. Recently, particular emphasis has been given to graduation using nonparametric techniques. Support Vector Machines (SVM) is an innovative methodology that could be utilized for mortality graduation purposes. This paper evaluates SVM techniques as tools for graduating mortality rates. We apply SVM to empirical death rates from a variety of populations and time periods. For comparison, we also apply standard graduation techniques to the same data
Peter Uhlenberg. 2009. International Handbook of Population Aging. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
No full textOn measures of association for multiple-cause mortality: Do we need more measures?
No full textMore than 70 measures exist for analyzing the binary association of a 2x2 contingency table. Of these, only five are used in multiple-cause mortality. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of whether these measures are adequate. Building on comparative reviews of measures of association, the paper identifies three additional measures as suitable candidates. These additional measures, together with the five existing ones, are assessed for their theoretical utility based on seven criteria laid out in the paper. Subsequently, the same measures are applied to South African multiple-cause data that comprises over four million records. The multiple-causesoftware Cause_limp v1.1 was used to extract the data for the cell entries of the 2x2 contingency table, with diabetes as a multiple-cause and cardiac arrest as a co-morbid condition. The paperconcludes that existing measures of multiple-cause mortality need to be supplemented with other measures, in particular the Positive Matching Index (PMI). This measure is found to satisfy allthe criteria laid out, and produces the most consistent results among all the measures compared