Canadian Studies in Population (Journal)
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Childlessness of men in Canada: Result of a waiting game in a changing family context
No full textChildlessness was about 12–13 per cent for cohorts born in 1927 to 1941, but increased in younger cohorts, with the childlessness of men born in 1957–1961 reaching 20 per cent. Using data from the 2006 Canadian General Social Survey on families, we show that the intention to be childfree among young men has largely remained low, at 8 to 10 per cent. As men grow older, the intention to be childfree increases such that at age 45–49, 16 per cent intend not to become fathers. Rather than a deliberate choice, the increase in childlessness could be the result of a waiting game. Longer stays in school, later entry into the work force, and starting marital relations at older ages contribute to delays in becoming fathers. While for many men the delay does not necessarily end in childlessness, for others the period of waiting changes their intention to become fathers. The adjustment of intentions and the eventual childlessness are made easier because of the reduced normative pressure to have children
Labour market outcomes of the children of immigrants in Ontario
No full textUsing the 2006 Census, this study examines the labour market outcomes of children of immigrants aged 25 to 34 who are living in Ontario. We find that most groups achieve higher levels of university completion rates than the third generation. Second-generation males, including those from Jamaica, Latin America, East Asia, the Philippines, India, South/Southeast Asia, West Asia and Arab/North African region, the United States, and Eastern Europe have lower earnings than the third generation. Dutch and Portuguese with lower educational attainments are not necessarily disadvantaged in terms of earnings and employment. In terms of income, most second-generationwomen are not significantly different from their third-generation counterparts
Income inequality, status seeking, and savings rates in Canada
No full textThis paper uses Canadian provincial-level data and a variant of James uesenberry’s relative income hypothesis proposed by Frank et al. (2010) to examine the relationship between income inequality and savings rates. The theory predicts that increased expenditure of top income earners leads those just below them in the income scale to spend more as well, then the next group also spends more, and so on. This phenomenon is due to people’s status seeking behaviour. Hence, increased income inequality will trigger increases in consumption by individuals in all income groups, which in turn leads to declining personal savings rates. The empirical analysis based on this theory led to some interesting findings. First, at the national level, increased income inequality has a significant negative effect on personal savings rates. At the provincial level, the relationship also emerges in eight of ten provinces. Second, both the national and provincial results imply that growth in per capita income that worsens income inequality impacts negatively on personal savings rates. I interpret the results as evidence that social factors such as status-seeking generate consumption interdependence and are significant determinants of consumption and savings decisions of Canadians
Wage differentials of males and females in same-sex and different-sex couples in Canada, 2006–2010
No full textThis paper utilizes five cycles of the General Social Survey in consecutive years from 2006 through 2010 to address the issue of differential wages amongst members of same-sex couples compared to their counterparts in different-sex couples. We find that men in gay couples have wages that are statistically indistinguishable from those of males in heterosexual relationships. By contrast, a sizeable and statistically significant earnings premium exists for lesbians in same-sex couples
Population growth, energy use, and environmental impact: Comparing the Canadian and Swedish records on CO2 emissions
No full textThere are many similarities between Canada and Sweden, as both are relatively affluent northern nations with diverse modern economies. Both have witnessed demographic growth and climbing affluence, with predominantly export-oriented economies. Yet in terms of their respective records on greenhouse gas emissions, there is a stark contrast between the two. Sweden is often considered a world leader in reducing emissions, whereas Canada has been widely criticized for its failure to meet international commitments. The current paper attempts to delineate some of the factors responsible for the observed differences between the two countries. It examines trends in environmental impact (CO2 levels) by applying a modified and updated version of Ehrlich’s IPAT equation. The crux of the matter in comparing the two countries is Canada’s substantial population growth and heavy demand for energy (29th among 30 countries in the OECD on our measure of energy intensity) whereas Sweden has managed to move away from fossil fuels in driving its economic activity
Changes in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007
No full textLife expectancy at birth continues to increase in Canada, reaching 81.2 years in 2009. Knowing whether these older years are healthy or disabled is critical for policymakers. We examine changes in disability-free life expectancy for men and women in Canada in 1994 and 2007 using the Sullivan method. We find that increases in life expectancy for men were due to a moderate increase in healthy years and a larger increase in disabled years. The increases in life expectancy for womenwere driven almost completely by increases in disabled years, suggesting an “expansion of morbidity” among women
International Migration and Economic Integration: Understanding the Immigrant-Trade Link
No full textThe relation between education and labour force participation of Aboriginal peoples: A simulation analysis using the Demosim population projection model
No full textThe relation between education and labour force participation of Aboriginal peoples: A simulation analysis using the Demosim population projection mode
