Canadian Studies in Population (Journal)
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Trends, patterns, and differentials in Canadian mortality over nearly a century 1921-2011
No full textIn the past 90 years, remarkable progress was made in substantially improving survival and longevity in Canada, establishing it as a member of today’s group of very low mortality countries. We use several demographic indicators of all-cause and cause-specific mortality to illustrate the nature of these major advances throughout the life span. Reviewing the literature on trends in Canadian mortality, we also uncover various challenges for the next decades. Reducing or even eliminating important disparities in mortality that persist with regards to geography and several socioeconomic factors is one of the greatest challenges ahead. Keywords: Mortality, longevity, health, trends, Canada In the past 90 years, remarkable progress was made in substantially improving survival and longevity in Canada, establishing it as a member of today’s group of very low mortality countries. We use several demographic indicators of all-cause and cause-specific mortality to illustrate the nature of these major advances throughout the life span. Reviewing the literature on trends in Canadian mortality, we also uncover various challenges for the next decades. Reducing or even eliminating important disparities in mortality that persist with regards to geography and several socioeconomic factors is one of the greatest challenges ahead. Keywords: Mortality, longevity, health, trends, Canada
Epidemiologic Transition in Australia – the last hundred years
No full textMortality change in Australia since 1907 is analysed in the light of Epidemiologic Transition theory. Trends in life expectancy by sex and the sex difference, are examined at ages 0, 50, 65 and 85 years. Trends in mortality by major cause of death are broadly related to the stages of the Epidemiologic Transition, and a decomposition of changes in life expectancy by age and cause of death is used to further elaborate on the progression through three stages, the Age of Receding Pandemics, the Age of Degenerative and Man-Made Diseases and the Age of Delayed Degenerative Diseases. A consideration of temporal changes in age patterns of mortality decline includes a focus on infant mortality, the accident hump and mortality at older ages. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Australia was a leader in the Epidemiologic Transition, but had lost this advantage by 1950. Differentials by state/territory, indigeneity and socio-economic factors identify the leaders and laggards in the transition.
A Comparison of Fertility in Canada and Australia, 1926-2011
No full textCanada and Australia are countries that, through their histories, have had many similarities as described later in the paper. However, they have two obvious differences. First, Australia has no equivalent to the province of Quebec and is not bi-lingual[B1] . If Quebec’s fertility trend was a mirror image of the trends in other provinces in Canada, this would not present a difficulty but, as we demonstrate in this article, the differences between fertility trends in Quebec and the other Canadian provinces go some way towards explaining the historical differences between the Canadian and Australian fertility trends, but only until 1960. [B1]2 nations rather than provinc
Using the probabilistic fertility table to test the statistical significance of fertility trends
No full textAt below replacement level, fertility changes are subtle and complex; distinguishing statistically significant trends from random shifts is becoming a relevant issue. The probabilistic fertility table describes the uncertainty of the childbearing process, and provides a significance test for the annual changes of various fertility measures, which is essential for distinguishing a statistically significant change from a random fluctuation. This paper provides an analytical model for the total fertility of the probabilistic fertility table, and extends the significance test to period trends that include multiple annual changes. The extended significance test indicates that complex annual changes could accumulate to become a significant trend. Applying the analytical model and extended test to the total fertility of Canada, it indicates that the 2002–11 increase trend is statistically significant and, therefore, supports project future increases of total fertility.En-dessous du seuil de remplacement des générations, les changements à la fertilité sont subtils et complexes. Aussi, il est devenu pertinent de pouvoir distinguer les tendances significatives au plan statistique des écarts aléatoires. Le tableau probabiliste de fertilité décrit l’incertitude liée au processus de reproduction et fournit un critère de signification des changements annuels dans les diverses mesures de fertilité, élément essentiel pour distinguer un changement important au plan statistique des fluctuations aléatoires. Cet article fournit un modèle analytique pour l’ensemble du tableau probabiliste de fertilité et élargit la portée de cette mesure aux tendances dans le temps incluant les multiples changements annuels. Ce critère élargi indique que les changements complexes annuels peuvent représenter une tendance significative. En appliquant le modèle analytique et le critère au tableau de fertilité du Canada, on constate que la tendance à la hausse de 2002–11 est importante au plan statistique et, par conséquent, augure des hausses futures dans la fertilité totale