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Communications for Peacebuilding: Conflict Resolution Skills and Strategies of Lupon Tagapamayapa in Selected Communities of Sarangani Province
Full text linkThe Lupon Tagapamayapa (LT) of the two barangays in Sarangani Province- Barangay Baliton in Glan and Barangay Upo in Maitum- were studied as to the skills and strategies they employ in resolving petty conflicts as a means of communication towards building peace in the community. Using qualitative-content analysis, multiple sources of data were used namely FGD, KII, Venn Diagram and Observation with video and note taking. It was found out that the LTs of both barangays Baliton (mostly populated by Blaan indigenous people) and Upo (with the Tboli natives)—applied similar processes and procedures in resolving conflicts prescribed by the Local Government Code such as: Greetings and Introduction, Conflict Settlement Proper and The Settlement and Resolution. On language use and communication skills, both LTs demonstrated competence both in verbal and non-verbal communications. In verbal communication, the LT used carefully chosen words, aphorism, rhetorical question and analogy; while in non-verbal communication, the LT regulated the tone and volume of the voice, used appropriate hand gestures and eye contact. Further, the LT employed strategies such as collaboration, compromise, spiritual advice, and active listening. Land conflict is the most common case resolved by the LT. This is followed by debts and assault. Misunderstanding and differences in principles and value judgment are the most common factors that cause conflicts in the community. Aside from these, jealousy, theft, selfishness, vices, and broken relationships were also identified. The study also revealed factors that could hinder or facilitate the conflict resolution, which were differing goals and levels of compromise and frustration. With the personal, interpersonal, cultural, and structural changes among the members of the LT, the study recommends further research on the competence of LT among remote communities and or other indigenous groups in Mindanao for a broader and more enhanced justice system in the barangays.
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Kinematic Analysis of Sipa sa Mangis: Exploring the Science of the Art
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to give a baseline information on the kinematic study of kicking, Sipa sa Mangis, and to determine what muscle activities are involved during that motion. Sipa sa Mangis is one of the traditional sports of Muslim people in Mindanao. Inside kick is the primary skill used in this sport. This study was conducted at Sports Biomechanics Laboratory Facility of Korea Institute of Sports Science, Seoul South Korea. To analyze the motion, Nineteen (19) High definition infrared motion cameras (Qualisys Oqus 701+19) were placed with the Ground Reaction Force Plate at the center of a captured volume of a 3m x 4m x 2m. (Kistler Type 9281B11). The coordination was calibrated using an L-frame and T-wand for 60 seconds at a sampling rate of 120 frames /sec. Each camera was synchronized using data cables while one master camera delivered the data to the main frame via a LAN cable. The data was analyzed and processed through Qualisys Track Manager. To determine the muscle activities while kicking, the surface Electromyography (EMG) fitted electrodes were placed at the 12 motor points of the leg muscles. All the three sets of data were analyzed using RMS and FIR frequency filters. The initial and termination portion of the signals were ignored for analysis to avoid any noise creeping in. The sampling rate is 1500Hz where RMS filter was calibrated at 50ms and FIR filters at 80-250Hz. Result of the study is revealed through EMG analysis; the Right Tibia Anterior and Right Gastrocnemius muscles were highly activated throughout the different phases of kicking motion.
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Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Water Quality Evaluation of the Four Tributaries in Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL), South Cotabato, Philippines
Full text linkHealthy riverine systems provide ecological services that can be translated into human use and consumption. However, human activities cause environmental degradation limiting available pristine water supply and raising public health concerns. In the present study, four tributaries surrounding Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL) were selected (Glandang, Linan, Kawit, and Amlok) for evaluation of their physicochemical and microbial characteristics between wet and dry season. The pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the river waters ranged from 6.75-8.68 and 55.96-221.89 ppm, respectively, with a pronounced pH fluctuation and TDS increase in Glandang and Linan tributaries from upstream to downstream stations. All tributaries showed varying dissolved oxygen (DO) levels upstream but become relatively stable downstream. All DO values, however, are below the standard limit set for freshwater quality. In terms of microbial load, total coliform ranged from 51-275 cfu/ml while E. coli showed absence (0 cfu/ml) to as high as 77 cfu/ml. Higher total coliform counts were observed on Kawit and Amlok tributaries which are situated in areas that are relatively more forested than the other two rivers. Presence of E. coli was also detected in the water samples from all tributaries. Temporal variation is significant indicating increased pH, TDS and microbial load during the wet season and DO during the dry season. The present microbial load of the four tributaries would restrict the utilization of water resource and necessitate proper treatments prior to domestic use.
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A Comparison of Minimal Pharmacokinetic Models for an Anti-diabetic Agent
Full text linkIn diabetes studies, pharmacologists rely on statistical techniques tied with experimental results to describe the plasma concentration of an anti-diabetic agent. However, these sets of statistical information only provide minimal inference to the drug’s kinetics. To understand the effect of an anti-diabetic agent to a glucose-insulin system, it is necessary to predict its movement in the system over a specific time interval. In this study, a set of simple pharmacokinetic models was formulated to describe the dynamics of the plasma concentration of an anti-diabetic agent known as metformin. The models were fitted to empirical data via nonlinear regression analysis and were compared using Akaike information criterion to determine the most reasonable model and parameter estimates. The results reveal that models considering varying absorption rate have a promising fit. These models can be extended to multiple drug dosage cases and can be used to estimate rate constants associated to other anti-diabetic agents.
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Temporal Variation Analyses of Suspended Sediment Load in an Agricultural Catchment and its Land Use Implications
Full text linkThe suspended sediment load of a small agricultural river was estimated using suspended sediment rating curves established using discharge-suspended sediment discharge correlation and stratified aggregate or seasonally clustered data; and the results were correlated to the land use of the watershed. The results showed that: (a) on regression, nonlinear least squares method in establishing rating curves produced significantly better and more efficient suspended sediment rating curves; (b) seasonally clustering the data produced better suspended sediment rating curves; (c) based on statistical and physical relations, suspended sediment load in the catchment followed a clear cyclical seasonal pattern; and (d) the land use and agricultural activities, other than rainfall, had a significant impact on the temporal distribution and variability of the suspended sediment load.
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Distribution of Sea Urchins in Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Davao City
Full text linkThis study investigated the distribution and diversity of sea urchins along the intertidal zone of Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Davao City. A total of 100 quadrats (1m x 1 m) spaced 5 m apart, in 3 transects laid perpendicular to the shoreline, recorded a total of 347 individuals, resolved into 5 species, namely, Echinometra mathaei (rock- boring or common sea urchin), Echinothrix calamaris (Hatpin urchin), Diadema setosum (long-spine or “tuyom”), Prionocidaris verticillata (rough spine urchin), and Diadema savignyi. Among the 347 individuals recorded, Echinometra mathaei was the most abundant in the site with a total of 286 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Analysis (0.602) suggests low species diversity. Physicochemical measurements such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity revealed that the study site is suitable for the culture of sea urchins.
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