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Multi-layered semantic annotation and the formalisation of annotation schemas for the investigation of modality in a Latin corpus
Get PDFThis paper stems from the project A World of Possibilities. Modal pathways over an extra-long period of time: the diachrony of modality in the Latin language (WoPoss) which involves a corpus-based approach to the study of modality in the history of the Latin language. Linguistic annotation and, in particular, the semantic annotation of modality is a keystone of the project. Besides the difficulties intrinsic to any annotation task dealing with semantics, our annotation scheme involves multiple layers of annotation that are interconnected, adding complexity to the task. Considering the intricacies of our fine-grained semantic annotation, we needed to develop well-documented schemas in order to control the consistency of the annotation, but also to enable an efficient reuse of our annotated corpus. This paper presents the different elements involved in the annotation task, and how the description and the relations between the different linguistic components were formalised and documented, combining schema languages with XML documentation
The Grammar-in-use of Direct Reported Thought in French and German: An Interactional and Multimodal Analysis
Get PDFThe present work examines the grammar-in-use of direct reported thought in French and German talk-in-interaction. Introduced primarily with specific quotatives (ich denke (mir) (‘I think (to myself)’) in German present and past tense and je me dis (‘I say to myself’) and je suis là (‘I am there’) in French present and past tense), quotations of direct reported thought do not only comprise verbal but also bodily enactments, thus raising important questions concerning the grammar of clause-combining of the bipartite structure [quotative + quote].
While formats of direct reported speech have been thoroughly investigated, also in spoken language, work on direct reported thought still remains scarce, even though the phenomenon demonstrates a distinct use in everyday talk: the investigated quotatives are routinely used by speakers as social action formats for affective or epistemic stance-taking, especially in narrative sequences (storytellings or reasonings).
Within the methodological framework of Interactional Linguistic, this work approaches direct reported thought in talk-in-interaction from a grammatical, multimodal, and cross-linguistic angle. The investigation of both a German and a French corpus of video-recordings of mundane talk enables a close sequential analysis and comparison of reporting thought in two Indo-European languages. Recurring to the notions of emergence and projection, the qualitative analysis shows that speakers of both languages use the social action format of the quotative—despite the cross-linguistic lexical differences—for the accomplishment of the same actions, namely, stance-taking. The integration of bodily resources into the grammatical and sequential analysis demonstrates that the grammar-in-use of direct reported thought should not be limited to verbal conduct. A description of the bipartite structure [quotative + quote] needs to include multiple resources in order to mirror how these patterns emerge in real-time talk-in-interaction in French and German
Extinction anticipée au droit à l'allocation de maternité d'une conseillère nationale : la saga continue : analyse de l’arrêt du Tribunal fédéral 9C_290/2024 du 3 octobre 2024
No full textRésumé et analyse, Tribunal fédéral – 9C_290/2024, IIIe Cour de droit public, Arrêt du 3 octobre 202
Copy number variation introduced by a massive mobile element facilitates global thermal adaptation in a fungal wheat pathogen
Get PDFCopy number variation (CNV) can drive rapid evolution in changing environments. In microbial pathogens, such adaptation is a key factor underpinning epidemics and colonization of new niches. However, the genomic determinants of such adaptation remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate CNVs in a large genome sequencing dataset spanning a worldwide collection of 1104 genomes from the major wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We found overall strong purifying selection acting on most CNVs. Genomic defense mechanisms likely accelerated gene loss over episodes of continental colonization. Local adaptation along climatic gradients was likely facilitated by CNVs affecting secondary metabolite production and gene loss in general. One of the strongest loci for climatic adaptation is a highly conserved gene of the NAD-dependent Sirtuin family. The Sirtuin CNV locus localizes to an ~68-kb Starship mobile element unique to the species carrying genes highly expressed during plant infection. The element has likely lost the ability to transpose, demonstrating how the ongoing domestication of cargo-carrying selfish elements can contribute to selectable variation within populations. Our work highlights how standing variation in gene copy numbers at the global scale can be a major factor driving climatic and metabolic adaptation in microbial species
Les violences psychologiques envers les femmes dans le couple. Impacts des violences psychologiques sur la santé en regard des ressources, stratégies et soutiens des femmes victimes
No full textLa recherche Du dépistage aux interventions axées sur les ressources: Répondre aux besoins des femmes subissant des violences psychologiques chroniques dans leur relation de couple, comprenait deux volets.
― Le premier volet avait pour objectif de mieux comprendre le vécu quotidien des femmes subissant des violences (psychologiques) de la part de leur (ex) partenaire, ainsi que leurs stratégies et leurs besoins d’intervention, en combinant questionnaires cliniques (Étude 1) et entretiens narratifs (Étude 2) dans une étude prospective menée en Suisse romande.
― Le second volet consistait en une série d’entretiens qualitatifs et de focus groupes menés avec des professionnel∙le∙s du réseau genevois de prévention lutte contre la violence conjugale œuvrant dans les secteurs de la santé, de l’action sociale, de la justice et de la sécurité. Cela afin d’identifier les définitions des violences psychologiques mobilisées par les intervenant∙e∙s, leurs pratiques de détection et d’objectivation des violences psychologiques, ainsi que les difficultés et bonnes pratiques mises en avant dans ce contexte (Étude 3).
Le présent rapport est consacré à l’analyse des données quantitatives (Étude 1). La PARTIE 1 débute par une brève présentation du devis de recherche, des procédures de recrutement des femmes et des mesures utilisées dans les questionnaires cliniques. Elle présente, ensuite, le profil des femmes ayant participé à l’étude, ainsi que celui de leur (ex) partenaire, et propose quelques mesures quantitatives permettant d’apporter quelques nuances à la description de la relation, actuelle ou terminée, des femmes victimes de violence.
La PARTIE 2 décrit les violences psychologiques, physiques et sexuelles subies par les femmes de cette étude. La nature hétérogène des formes de violence est illustrée en présentant la prévalence ainsi que la fréquence d’une série d’actes différents. Avant d’examiner individuellement ces actes, le rapport s’intéresse à la cooccurrence des violences psychologiques, physiques et sexuelles dans la relation, éclairant ainsi différentes expériences de violences conjugales.
La PARTIE 3 s’intéresse aux impacts des violences des (ex) partenaires sur la santé des femmes, examinant spécifiquement la dépression, l’anxiété et le stress posttraumatique, ainsi que plusieurs comportements à risque pour la santé (tabagisme, consommation et problèmes liés à l’alcool ou à la drogue). Ces différentes associations sont ensuite examinées en regard des émotions et cognitions négatives des femmes. Il est d’abord question des associations de différentes formes de violence avec la peur et la vulnérabilité psychologique, l’estime de soi et un schéma de soi négatif, des sentiments de culpabilité et de honte, et plus généralement des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle. Ensuite, ce sont les associations de ces émotions et cognitions négatives avec la santé mentale des femmes qui sont examinées.
Enfin, la PARTIE 4 examine les ressources et les stratégies mobilisées par les femmes face aux violences, et les réactions sociales, positives ou négatives, qui ont fait suite au dévoilement des violences à de tierces personnes, professionnel∙le∙s, autorités, ami∙e∙s ou proches parents. Les ressources, stratégies et soutiens sont examinés en regard de la nature des violences subies et du profil de santé mentale des femmes
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) Before State Courts: How can private international law keep up with global digital entities?
No full textThe Lisbon Centre for Research in Private Law (CIDP)'s research project Lisbon DAO Observatory is on a mission to find answers to the questions regarding the legal challenges and the current legal state of decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) and similar arrangements that will help shape future legislative action. In April 2023, the project held an international conference on DAO regulation that gathered top-tier scholars, industry players and practitioners from all over the world to discuss how any prospective legislative intervention, recognition or regulation of DAOs should be crafted. This volume is the result of the knowledge shared and gained during this ground-breaking conference and includes discussions on the future form of regulation (direct legislative intervention, self-regulation or no regulation) as well as on major topics such as mandatory decentralisation, legal personality, governance structures, limited liability, plus crucial sectorial issues, including dispute resolution, civil liability, tax law and conflict of laws
Globalizations from below : understanding the spatialities, mobilities and resources of transnational migrant entrepreneurs across the globe
Get PDFTransnational corporations have been long recognized as the building blocks of global system theory and their impact is widely acknowledged and studied. By comparison, we have insufficient understanding of transnational practices ‘from below’. We argue that focusing on transnational migrant entrepreneurship is a novel opportunity to gain insights into the social and economic processes of ‘globalization from below’. Such processes refer to the dynamics and practices initiated by actors outside the hegemonic socioeconomic spheres who, using various resources, move people, goods and ideas across national borders to create small-scale enterprises thus connecting distant places and people around the world. This special issue brings together a transdisciplinary group of researchers who examine the spatialities, mobilities and resources of transnational migrant entrepreneurs in Asia, Europe, North Africa, South America and the USA. The rich empirical base, coupled with diverse research methods, provides new insights into the phenomenon to scholars, policymakers and practitioners
