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La fin de la prime au fait accompli : La sanction de la violation de l’obligation de "standstill" en droit des marchés publics
No full textRésumé et analyse, Tribunal fédéral – 2D_14/2024, destiné à la publication, IIe Cour de droit public, Arrêt du 19 mai 202
Alimentation sous influence: l’étiquetage comme outil de transparence ou d’illusion?
No full textfals
Les femmes et la Novemberrevolution. L'Allemagne en 1918/1919.
No full textUniNE, FLSH, Institut d'histoire, soutenue le 27 juin 2025Au croisement de l’histoire des femmes, du genre et de la révolution, cette recherche propose une nouvelle définition de la révolution de 1918/19, enrichie des nouveaux espaces, rôles et buts des militantes révolutionnaires. La révolution n’est pas seulement le fait de manifestations et de combats menant à un renversement de gouvernement. C’est d’innombrables discussions menées dans des salons et des associations pacifistes et socialistes, mais aussi tout un travail logistique qui constitue et sous-tend la révolution, que ce soient le stockage et la distribution d’armes que les femmes organisent depuis leur logement, la tenue d’infirmeries où elles soignent les soldats ou la mise en place de cantines où elles nourrissent ces derniers. Du côté des militantes féministes, c’est un travail de lobbying autour des différents partis politiques pour que de plus en plus de femmes puissent obtenir une éducation et utiliser leurs droits politiques. Bien au-delà d’un simple changement de régime, la révolution, comme le révèlent ces nouveaux éléments, impacte l’ensemble de la société allemande. Elle touche une multiplicité d’espaces, des grandes avenues des centres-villes urbains aux foyers familiaux et conduit les femmes à redéfinir leur place au sein de la société en tant que révolutionnaires et en tant que citoyennes.This research, situated at the intersection of women’s, gender and revolution’s history, offers an expanded definition of the 1918/19 revolution, enriched by the new spaces, roles and goals of revolutionary activists. Revolution is not just about demonstrations and fighting that lead to the overthrow of a government. It is the countless discussions held in salons and pacifist and socialist associations, but also all the logistical work that constitutes and fuels the revolution, including the storage and distribution of weapons that women organize from their homes, the running of infirmaries where they treat soldiers, or the setting up of canteens where they feed them. On the feminist side, it is a matter of lobbying the various political parties so that more and more women can obtain an education and exercise their political rights. Far beyond a simple change of regime, the revolution, as these new elements reveal, is impacting German society as a whole. It affects a wide range of areas, from the main boulevards of urban city centers to family homes, and leads women to redefine their place in society as revolutionaries and as citizens
Biobanques humaines, internormativité et gouvernance : étude de la gouvernance des biobanques sous l'angle du droit suisse
Full text linkThèse, Université de Neuchâtel/Faculté de droit, 2025Les biobanques humaines, qui conservent du matériel biologique et des données associées, sont des réalités dans le monde actuel de la santé et de la recherche. Elles constituent des outils indispensables pour le progrès médical. Leur encadrement juridique en Suisse reste cependant fragmenté, faute de législation spécifique. Cette thèse présente le domaine des biobanques, en particulier en Suisse, en s’intéressant à leur origine, leur variété et les espoirs qu’elles amènent pour la recherche et la médecine personnalisée. Elle identifie les normes applicables aux biobanques de recherche en Suisse et répond à la question lesquelles parmi ces normes sont contraignantes et lesquelles ne le sont pas. Pour répondre à cette derrière question, l’auteure s’intéresse aux normes non obligatoires, à savoir celle qui sont a priori dénuées de force juridique contraignante, et aux modes de leur intégration en droit suisse.
Le concept de gouvernance des biobanques s’est concrétisé en 2016 dans la réglementation, mais ce concept n’est pas propre aux biobanques, ni à la recherche biomédicale, ni même au domaine de la santé en général. Ce travail étudie la gouvernance en général, délimite sa définition, son contenu et les principes qu’elle suit et applique ces enseignements au domaine du biobanking. La gouvernance des biobanques est étudiée sous l’angle des principes de confiance, de protection des personnes, de participation, de transparence et de responsabilité. Six groupes de mécanismes les plus communs sont analysés en tenant compte du cadre normatif applicable aux biobanques en Suisse, des principes de gouvernance qu’ils permettent de garantir et des droits des parties prenantes qu’ils visent à protéger.
Human biobanks, which store biological material and associated data, are a reality in today's world of health and research. They are essential tools for medical progress. However, the legal framework for research biobanks in Switzerland remains fragmented due to the lack of specific legislation. This thesis presents the field of biobanks, particularly in Switzerland, looking at their origins, their variety and the hope they offer for research and personalised medicine. It identifies the regulatory framework applicable to research biobanks in Switzerland and answers the question of which of these norms are binding and which are not. To answer the latter question, the author looks at the non-binding norms, i.e. those that are a priori devoid of binding legal force, and at the ways in which they could be incorporated into Swiss law.
The concept of biobank governance was introduced in 2016 in the regulations, but this concept is not specific to biobanks, biomedical research or even the healthcare sector in general. This study examines governance in general, clarifies its definition, its content and the principles it follows, and applies these lessons to the field of biobanking. The governance of biobanks is studied from the perspective of the principles of trust, protection of individuals, participation, transparency and accountability. Six groups of the most common mechanisms are analysed, taking into account the regulatory framework applicable to biobanks in Switzerland, the governance principles that they help to guarantee and the rights of stakeholders that they aim to protect
Plafonnement de la part à l’excédent de l’enfant de parents non mariés : maxime inquisitoire illimitée
Full text linkRésumé et analyse, Tribunal fédéral – 5A_920/2023, destiné à la publication, IIe Cour de droit civil, Arrêt du 28 novembre 2024 (d
When AI Joins the Brainstorm: Impacts of Generative Language Models on Collaborative Divergent Thinking
Full text linkDivergent thinking is the key mechanism for generating creative ideas. In collaborative ideation, it leads to the generation of a wide range of creative ideas. But this process can be challenging due to fear of judgment, idea fixation, and the influence of group dynamics. In this paper, we explore how integrating generative language models as an AI peer impacts collaborative divergent thinking. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment (N=96) with four conditions, varying two factors: the structure of idea sharing (live vs. round-based), and the presence of an AI peer generating ideas using a Generative Language Model. Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed creative fluency, idea elaboration and originality, collaboration, and participants’ experience. Results show that AI agents generated more original ideas than human participants, but that exposure to these ideas decreased participants’ fluency and originality. Round-based interaction also strengthened collaboration, while decreasing individual fluency.tru
Why We (Still) Need to Think and Write About Reflexivities in Migration Studies
No full textIn this introductory chapter, we outline pivotal aspects of reflexivity and knowledge production in research processes, with a particular focus on migration studies. While there is broad consensus that reflexivity is essential for producing more nuanced, insightful, and socially responsible research, the ways in which we conceptualise and implement it in our everyday work as social scientists are far from straightforward. We begin by drawing on key understandings of reflexivity in the broader social sciences and humanities to highlight fundamental issues of knowledge production. We then examine how and why reflexivity has gained prominence in migration studies, addressing problematic epistemological underpinnings and specific challenges the field faces. Finally, we discuss how this volume contributes to debates on reflexivity and consider the work that remains to be done. In doing so, this chapter offers a programmatic approach to reflexivity and knowledge production, engaging with migration studies as a whole
La inocencia perseguida en el teatro de Lope de Vega: el caso de La corona de Hungría
No full texttru
Transposable elements create distinct genomic niches for effector evolution among Magnaporthe oryzae lineages
Full text linkBackground
Plant-pathogen interactions are characterized by evolutionary arms races. At the molecular level, fungal effectors can target important plant functions, while plants evolve to improve effector recognition. Rapid evolution in genes encoding effectors can be facilitated by transposable elements (TEs). In Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease in several cereals and grasses, TEs play important roles in chromosomal evolution as well as the gain or loss of effector genes in host specialized lineages. However, a global understanding of TE dynamics driving effector evolution at population scale and across lineages is lacking.
Results
Here, we focus on 16 AVR effector loci assessed across a global sampling of 11 reference genomes and 447 newly generated draft genome assemblies from publicly available short-read sequencing data across all major M. oryzae lineages and outgroups. We classified each effector based on evidence for duplication, deletion and translocation processes among lineages. Next, we determined AVR gain and loss dynamics across lineages allowing for a broad categorization of effector dynamics. Each AVR was integrated in a distinct genomic niche determined by the TE activity profile contributing to the diversification at the locus. We quantified TE contributions to effector niches and found that TE identity helped diversify AVR loci. We used the large genomic dataset to recapitulate the evolution of the rice blast AVR1-CO39 locus.
Conclusions
Taken together, our work demonstrates how TE dynamics are an integral component of M. oryzae effector evolution, likely facilitating escape from host recognition. In-depth tracking of effector loci is a valuable tool to predict the durability of host resistance
On the conventionalization of impoliteness formulae: The case of Trump’s fake news insult
No full textInsults are a well-recognized form of conventionalized impoliteness, yet little research explores their proliferation and conventionalization. This study analyzes Trump’s initial use of fake news as an insult during and after a 2017 press conference, followed by a diachronic examination of his usage of it on X (then Twitter) through January 2021. Through these two case studies, fake news is shown to have rapidly evolved into a conventionalized insult that can be used as a personalized negative assertion (e.g., “You are fake news!”) and as third-person negative references either as a stand-alone insult (e.g., “He is fake news!”) or as part of pejorative nicknames (e.g., “Fake News CNN”). Its spread was driven not only by Trump’s notoriety but also by the media’s amplification of it that inadvertently reinforced its use among Trump, his supporters, and others.tru