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Certificat médical à géométrie variable et protection contre le licenciement : commentaire de l’arrêt du Tribunal fédéral 1C_595/2023
Get PDFRésumé et commentaire, Tribunal fédéral – 1C_595/2023, Arrêt du 26 mars 202
Let the dust settle: Impact of enhanced rock weathering on soil biological, physical, and geochemical fertility
Get PDFIntercept evidence from foreign language communications: Reliability and minimum standards in the interests of justice
No full textThis paper explores the role of Intercept Interpreters/Translators (IITs) in law enforcement communication surveillance efforts. It focuses on the production and reliability of Translated Intercept Records (TIR), which are comprehensive written records in the target language that may be produced for intelligence purposes or for use in court as Translated Intercept Evidence (TIE). The paper underscores the critical importance of reliable TIR for both evidentiary use and operational decision-making. The authors emphasise the need to establish minimal standards in the quest for reliability and dispel the misconception that literal translations fulfil evidentiary requirements. The standards proposed in this paper aim to minimise interpretation errors to enhance the overall effectiveness of investigations and safeguard the interests of justice. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to align judicial expectations with sound translation practices
Okay as a marker for coordinating transitions in joint actions: Effects of participant role and age in Swiss German and Swiss French interviews
Get PDFJoint actions like everyday conversations feature the use of speech particles like back-channels or discourse markers to coordinate transitions from one part of the action to another. Transitions can be either horizontal (within tasks or subtasks; i.e., moving from one step to the next in a task) or vertical (between tasks or subtasks). In English, okay is typically used to coordinate vertical transitions. In institutionalized joint actions, okay is used especially by institutional representatives to manage the joint action. Little is known about these uses of okay in other languages, or about when okay may have diffused into those languages. We investigated the use of okay as a vertical coordination marker in Swiss German research interviews and Swiss French job interviews. Okay was consistently used as a vertical transition marker in both settings, especially by interviewers. Younger participants used okay more often than older participants. The findings suggest that okay may have diffused into other languages not only as a marker of agreement, but also as a marker for coordinating transitions
Cross-Border Marriages. State Categories, Research Agendas and Family Practices
No full textMarriages that involve the migration of at least one of the spouses challenge two intersecting facets of the politics of belonging: the making of the 'good and legitimate citizens' and the 'acceptable family'. In Europe, cross-border marriages have been the target of increasing state controls, an issue of public concern and the object of scholarly research. The study of cross-border marriages and the ways these marriages are framed is inevitably affected by states' concerns and priorities. There is a need for a reflexive assessment of how the categories employed by state institutions and agents have impacted the study of cross-border marriages. This collection of essays analyses what is at stake in the regulation of cross-border marriages and how European states use particular categories (e.g., 'sham', 'forced' and 'mixed' marriages) to differentiate between acceptable and non-acceptable marriages. When researchers use these categories unreflexively, they risk reproducing nation-centred epistemologies and reinforcing state-informed hierarchies and forms of exclusion. The chapters in this book offer new insights into a timely topic and suggest ways to avoid these pitfalls: differentiating between categories of analysis and categories of practice, adopting methodologies that do not mirror nation-states' logic and engaging with general social theory outside migration studies. This book will be of interest to researchers and academics of Sociology, Politics, International Relations, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Human Geography, Social Work, and Public Policy. Barring one, all the chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue in the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
Investigating Hyperparameter Optimization and Transferability for ES-HyperNEAT: A TPE Approach
Get PDFNeuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) and its advanced version, Evolvable-Substrate HyperNEAT (ES-HyperNEAT), have shown great potential in developing neural networks. However, their effectiveness heavily depends on the selection of hyperparameters. This study investigates the optimization of ES-HyperNEAT hyperparameters using the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) on the MNIST classification task, exploring a search space of over 3 billion potential combinations. TPE effectively navigates this vast space, significantly outperforming random search in terms of mean, median, and best accuracy. During the validation process, the best hyperparameter configuration found by TPE achieves an accuracy of 29.00% on MNIST, surpassing previous studies while using a smaller population size and fewer generations. The transferability of the optimized hyperparameters is explored in logic operations and Fashion-MNIST tasks, revealing successful transfer to the more complex Fashion-MNIST problem but limited to simpler logic operations. This study emphasizes a method to unlock the full potential of neuroevolutionary algorithms and provides insights into the hyperparameters’ transferability across tasks of varying complexity.tru
On Morphisms Between Connected Commutative Algebraic Groups over a Field of Characteristic 0
Get PDFLet K be a field of characteristic 0 and let G and H be connected commutative algebraic groups over K. Let Mor_0(G,H) denote the set of morphisms of algebraic varieties G → H that map the neutral element to the neutral element. We construct a natural retraction from Mor_0(G,H) to Hom(G,H) (for arbitrary G and H) which commutes with the composition and addition of morphisms. In particular, if G and H are isomorphic as algebraic varieties, then they are isomorphic as algebraic groups. If G has no non-trivial unipotent group as a direct factor, we give an explicit description of the sets of all morphisms and isomorphisms of algebraic varieties between G and H. We also characterize all connected commutative algebraic groups over K whose only variety automorphisms are compositions of automorphisms of algebraic groups with translations
Exploring the (Un)sustainability of Paris 2024 and Los Angeles 2028
No full textThis chapter deals with the sustainability assessment of the Paris and Los Angeles Games. The economic, social, and political risks inherent in hosting the Olympics are well documented. The literature features a litany of problems for host cities and societies: exorbitant costs and broken budgets, ambitious urban redevelopment agendas that harm cities, socio-spatial exclusion that further marginalizes the already-vulnerable, and lasting damage to the natural environment. To manage the decline of bidders, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) engaged in organizational reforms. The chapter shows that one of the main aims of the reforms is to improve alignment between the Games and the city’s existing development trajectory and needs. By better adapting the Games to the host city, the IOC hopes to interrupt the trend of damage, decline, and bad publicity, and thereby reawaken global interest in hosting the Olympics. Through these reforms, we hypothesize that the IOC is attempting to express a commitment to long-term planning in line with the needs of the host city. While significant progress has been made, more remains to be done if the Games are to be legitimately sustainable for all
