Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development
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Alternative Approaches To Hydro Compensation And Agreements With First Nations: Manitoba and Quebec
No full textThis paper outlines the workings of two quite different contemporary approaches to settlements and agreements with First Nations by hydro companies and governments involved in hydro dam construction. The first is the equity approach used by Manitoba Hydro in negotiations with the Nisichawayasikh Cree Nation (NCN) in which the First nation is effectively offered joint ownership of the dam and a share in future income streams and in employment and construction benefits. The second approach is that by the James Bay Cree of northern Quebec who eschew dam ownership, instead negotiating an annual share in revenues generated by hydro, forestry and mining. Both approaches constitute major improvements over disastrous earlier approaches which can be summarized as \u27flood now and talk later\u27, but they carry quite different economic. Political and governmental terms as well as quite different potential benefits and risks. This paper examines the background behind each deal and the way in which they operate. It concludes by arguing that each deal was conditioned by circumstances and history. There is, however, clear merit in Aboriginal People seeking to secure maximum control over and benefit from all sources of economic development on their traditional lands
Aboriginal Tourism: St. Eugene Mission, BC
No full text[...]a tourist organization\u27s primary service could be providing luxurious accommodations, but to guarantee success, it is likely to employ other industries including catering facilities, transportation services, and souvenir retailers. (2007) states, "much of the harm that has been perpetuated by dominant society on Indigenous people has been, and continues to be, based on ignorance" (p 3). [...]if such projects are able to adequately educate tourists about contemporary Aboriginal issues with respect to historical events, the presence of hostile negative relationships between Aboriginal and non Aboriginal people will be lessened, as ignorance regarding Aboriginal issues becomes something of the past. The St. Eugene Mission, located on reserve land near Cranbrook British Columbia, offers tourists a 4.5 star rated experience with access to an 18-hole golf course, a licensed casino, a gourmet restaurant, and of course luxury accommodations. Pierre refers to the period between the school closure and the re-opening as a "huge white elephant" (Pierre, 2009, p. 42), as it levied high monetary costs for the five bands to keep it running without any benefit to the community
Benchmarking Trends In Aboriginal Forestry
No full textThe forest has long been a central component of the culture of Aboriginal Canadians, and opportunities for economic development in Aboriginal forestry are emerging in several areas. The amount of forest assets managed by Aboriginal peoples has been increasing as well as the types of business relationships Aboriginal peoples are engaged in are expanding. However, the development of Aboriginal capacity in the forest sector is varied. The educational and skill-levels of Aboriginal workers in forestry is improving, but the average age of the Aboriginal workforce has steadily increased, which reflects a rapidly aging underlying demographic. While the median total income for Aboriginal workers in the forest sector has increased, the number of Aboriginal workers in the forest sector has steadily declined. Further, average income drastically varies depending on whether an individual is on or off-reserve. The earnings of off-reserve Aboriginal forestry workers are very close to those of their non-Aboriginal counterparts, while on-reserve forestry workers are earning less than half of what non-Aboriginals make. Benchmarking these trends is important as it facilitates the continued tracking of the role of Aboriginal peoples in the forest sector as it changes and new areas of opportunity develop
Employment Patterns 2009–2010 In Canada: A Dark Cloud for Aboriginals with a Silver Lining
No full textThe Canadian economy grew in 2010, compared with 2009 and employment rates increased marginally. However, the picture is different for Canadian Aboriginal peoples living off reserve, as they experienced a decline. Data is unavailable for those living on reserves. The decline in employment levels was the case for both men and women in all age categories, except for women from 15 to 24. There was also a decline in Aboriginal employment rates in seven of the ten provinces. In contrast the three territories experienced an increase. In 2010 Aboriginals had a lower employment rate than non-Aboriginals in all ten provinces and the three territories and in every age group, except for women over 55. However, a meaningfully different picture appears when employment rates are examined by educational level. The higher the educational level the higher the employment level. This applies to both Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. Further, there is only a minimal difference in employment levels between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals, when examined by their educational level. One conclusion is that education appears to be a path for greater employment
Accounting And Aboriginal Peoples: From the Bottom Line to Lines of Relation
No full textAccording to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, rebuilding Aboriginal economies and nations will require "radical departures from business as usual." In the interests of such radical change, this essay traces the role of accounting in obstructing and obscuring Aboriginal peoples\u27 opportunities, achievements, and contributions and explains how Aboriginal thinking and institutions are helping redefine success measures and increase choice by making visible alternative paths and promoting sustainable development for all. Building on ongoing efforts to think and act outside colonial conceptual boxes and celebrate culturally meaningful, holistic Aboriginal economic performance, this essay recommends a double strategy to address the historical impact of traditional accounting on Aboriginal peoples and economies by (a) displacing old paternalistic models that constructed Aboriginal "problems" and (b) respecting and learning from Aboriginal powers, achievement, and measures of success. Only when Indigenous knowledge and values are put at the centre of authoritative practices will accounting do justice to the specificities of Aboriginal experience in Canada, support and sustain Aboriginal aspirations and economies, help Canada live up to its treaty promises to Aboriginal peoples, and forge a truly post-colonial Canadian
Reframing Forest-Based Development As First Nation–Municipal Collaboration: Lessons from Lake Superior’s North Shore
No full textChanges in Northern Ontario\u27s planning and policy context (e.g., forest tenure reform, Far North Act) are creating opportunities and obligations for First Nations and towns that often are not matched by the local capacity, resources, and governance structures requisite for effective and equitable participation. This paper documents the early stages of a First Nation-municipal forestbased development initiative in the Northeast Superior Region and interprets evolving perspectives of 27 First Nation and non-First Nation interviewees concerning the establishment of counterpart regional governance forums - the Northeast Superior Forest Community and Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs\u27 Forum. The analysis shows how contrasting framings of common problems, solutions, identities, and power relations contributed to conflict but also innovation for eventual collaboration. First Nations acted on their obligation to teach other groups how they wanted to be engaged and the importance of developing culturally appropriate protocols to initiate and structure working relationships. First Nations and municipal representatives realized the need and benefit of redistributing different sources of power to strengthen their network and the common voice of the region. The conclusion offers lessons about building trust and relationships, the role of teaching and learning, and avenues to empowerment for fostering First Nation-municipal collaboration
