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«Où est l’Etat?» Le contrat social en Turquie à l’épreuve du séisme
Full text linkLe tremblement de terre du 6 février 2023 a révélé des failles dans la gouvernance urbaine de la Turquie. Constructions illégales, arrangements à l’amiable et corruption. De quoi provoquer une crise politique qui pourrait mettre un terme au long règne de Recep Tayyip Erdoğan lors du scrutin du 14 mai.
Das Erdbeben vom 6. Februar 2023 förderte Risse in der städtischen Verwaltung der Türkei zu Tage: Illegale Bauten, aussergerichtliche Absprachen und Korruption. Dies führte zu einer politischen Krise, die der langen Herrschaft von Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ein Ende setzen könnte
A second Renaissance of herbarium-based research, almost five centuries after their invention
Full text linkThe present issue of Bauhinia presents the Proceedings of the Bauhin2022 conference, that the authors organized at the University of Basel, Switzerland, from 15-16 September 2022 in honor of Caspar Bauhin (1560–1624), celebrating his pioneering Flora of Basel 400 years after its publication (Bauhin 1622). This meeting, with ca. 100 participants from 14 countries, with 25 invited and contributed talks, 31 posters, and a discussion workshop fueled our thinking on the increasingly pivotal role of herbaria in current day research
Impossible to press? – Succulents in Renaissance herbaria
Full text linkSeveral Renaissance herbaria, including the herbarium by Caspar Bauhin, contain preserved specimens of different succulent plants, such as cacti, stonecrops, palm lilies or aloes. In view of the difficulties experienced even today when preparing succulents for the herbarium, the efforts of the Renaissance botanists to meet this challenge is remarkable. The view that succulents by definition are unsuitable for pressing for the herbarium, as for instance expressed by Richard Bradley in his 1716 book, prevails to these days. We first provide a condensed overview of standard preparation techniques for succulents advocated in the literature of the past forty years. Then, a selection of specimens of succulents in early herbaria, from several plant families, is discussed and the preparation methods used at that time, and possible solutions of the difficulties involved, are outlined
Towards digitizing the botanical legacy of Fritz and Paul Sarasin in Basel and Zurich
Full text linkThe botanical heritage of multitalented naturalists Paul Benedict (1856–1929) and Karl Friedrich (Fritz) (1859–1942) Sarasin of Basel is poorly known. The second-degree cousins from Basel inherited great wealth, which funded their expeditions to the tropics in India, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, and New Caledonia. Both were doctors in zoology with interdisciplinary interests from geography and anthropology to botany. They mixed race theories with traditional descriptions of biodiversity, blurring boundaries between anthropology and natural sciences. With the help of the local colonial governments where they travelled, they avidly collected many thousands of natural history objects and human artefacts, now kept in institutions across Europe
Using herbarium specimens, botanical gardens, historical data, and citizen science to study climate change
Full text linkOver the past two decades, researchers and others involved in plant science have developed innovative and powerful methods to investigate the effects of climate change on plants
Tätigkeitsbericht für das Jahr 2022
Full text linkDer Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2022
Artificial and Post-Artificial Texts: On Machine Learning and the Reading Expectations Towards Literary and Non-Literary Writing
Full text linkIn contrast to the times of Höllerer and Zemanek, we are now truly on the threshold of being surrounded by texts that are entirely artificial—while at the same time we continue to merge with our language technologies in our own writing, so that our text production is increasingly supported, extended, and partially taken over by assistance systems. Therefore, I want to discuss—quite speculatively, but always with an eye on the state of the art—two questions: first, what happens when we are confronted with artificial texts in addition to natural ones? How do we read a text that we can no longer be sure was not written by an AI? And second, what direction might this development take if, at some point, the distinction between natural and artificial itself becomes obsolete, so that we no longer even ask about it and instead read post-artificial texts
Bridging herbaria cultural heritage and digital art – Immaterial herbaria
Full text linkMigratory movement changes the way in which people perceive and feel their nations. Art allows us to enquire about the way members of diasporas are stimulated and confronted with a plethora of feelings as loss and grief, empathy, hope and joy when they see familiar plants collected from their countries of origin among herbarium samples. In the case of the Venezuelan diaspora, nostalgia for a recent past and memories of the homeland configure the imagined Venezuelan nation now that people living abroad („diasporic subjects” in the sense of Martinez Parra 2020). Some Venezuelans take plants from their gardens with them when they leave their country. Many of these people take orchids with them, that remind them of their origin and which they nurture in their new countries
Looking back to move forward – Impact of historical moss specimens on modern systematics
Full text linkNatural history collections reflect our desire to understand the living world. Each collection is unique based on how it was composed, who composed it, where the specimens originated from, and how it has been enriched. Natural history institutions preserve, curate and enhance their collections on an ongoing basis and they serve as a powerful scientific resource. Collections provide a window into past, present and future biodiversity via the information contained on and in specimens. They play a crucial role in the documentation,description and understanding of species themselves, with the specimens held in global collections forming the foundation for all taxonomic endeavours
What did 16th-century tomatoes look like?
Full text linkSoon after the Spanish conquest of the Americas, the first tomatoes were presented as curiosities to the European elite and drew the attention of 16th-century Italian naturalists. Despite their scientific interest in this New World crop, most Renaissance botanists did not specify where these „golden apples” or „pomi d’oro” came from. It is likely that tomatoes were brought to Europe after the Spanish sieged the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) in 1521 and after they conquered the Peruvian Inca emperors in 1531. Tomatoes and other New World domesticates must have been brought to the Spanish court, and were probably planted in the royal gardensin Madrid, after which they were likely shipped from Sevilla to Italy, but no written evidence have been found so far for these events. The debate on the first European tomatoes and their origin is often hindered by erroneous dating, botanical misidentifications and inaccessible historical sources. So, who saw the first 16th-century tomatoes that entered Europe? What did they look like? Who made the first botanical description, collection and/or illustration? And where did these tomatoes come from