Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth
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An Overview of Elettaria cardamomum and It\u27s Therapeutic Uses and Role as an Essence of Life
Full text linkElettaria cardamomum, occasionally referred to as green cardamom, is a rare spice that has major cultural and therapeutic significance. This fragrant plant, which is a member of the Zingiberaceae family, has been utilized widely in historical medical systems including Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha because of its many health advantages. Packed by bioactive substances including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils, cardamom has multiple pharmacological effects, such as gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Numerous ailments, including as metabolic syndromes like diabetes, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular dysfunctions, and gastrointestinal disorders, have been treated with it. Recent research findings demonstrate its ability to prevent cancer and to enhance general wellbeing. Described as the "essence of life," cardamom is a key ingredient in both traditional and modern therapy settings because it represents energy and overall wellness. Elettaria cardamomum\u27s phytochemistry, medicinal uses, and beneficial properties are thoroughly covered in this review, highlighting its enduring value as a natural cure and functional food component
The Evolution of Biosciences in India: From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Advancements
Full text linkThis paper explores the evolution of biosciences in India, tracing its development from ancient to contemporary times and examining its trajectory as a significant player in the global scientific community. The historical roots are deeply embedded in traditional practices such as Ayurveda, which laid the groundwork for early understandings of health and medicine. The medieval period saw significant cross-cultural exchanges with Islamic scholars, enriching Indian medical knowledge and influencing global medicine. The colonial era introduced Western methodologies, establishing modern medical colleges and research institutions that laid the foundation for formal scientific education and innovation. Post-independence, India made considerable strides in building robust research institutions and advancing fields like biotechnology, with landmark achievements such as the Green Revolution and advancements in cancer treatment. The contemporary era highlights India\u27s leadership in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, with hubs like Genome Valley driving innovation and making significant contributions to global health through affordable medications and vaccine development. Despite these successes, challenges such as funding limitations, infrastructure gaps, and the need for sustained policy support persist. Emerging fields like synthetic biology and AI in genomics present opportunities for future breakthroughs. The paper concludes that India\u27s synthesis of traditional and modern scientific practices positions it for continued leadership in the biosciences, fostering a future of innovation and global collaboration
A review on interspecific competition and population dynamics of mosquitoes
Full text linkAs carriers of several deadly illnesses, including dengue, chikungunya, malaria, the Zika virus, and lymphatic filariasis, mosquitoes are hematophagous insects of major medical significance. They are members of the Culicidae family and have intricate life cycles and ecological relationships that affect their capacity for survival and spread. The taxonomy, disease correlations, and vectorial potential of the main mosquito genera—Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles—are examined in this paper. It also looks at population control techniques, emphasizing the drawbacks of chemical pesticides, including their damage to the environment, development of resistance, and non-target impacts, and advocating for environmentally benign substitutes including microbiological agents and herbal larvicides. A significant focus is placed on interspecific competition, particularly at the larval stage, where mosquito species compete for food, space, and oxygen. These interactions influence morphological traits such as wing length and adult body size, directly affecting survival, fecundity, and vector competence. Environmental variables, including both biotic (predators, microbial flora) and abiotic (temperature, pH, resource availability) factors, further modulate these outcomes. The review synthesizes data on how interspecific and intraspecific competition impact mosquito population dynamics, larval development, and disease ecology. Understanding these multidimensional interactions is crucial for implementing sustainable vector control strategies. By integrating ecological principles with innovative, environmentally responsible technologies, future mosquito management can be both effective and ecologically sound
Role of Manganese (Mn) in Plants Under Salinity Stress: A Review
Full text linkSaltiness has been the subject of studies for a long time. In the past few years, there have been a lot more studies on how to reduce its effects on crops and make them more productive. We need to find effective ways to reduce salt stress that can be used in many farming settings. We also need to make plants stronger in their defenses against this kind of stress. When there are too many soluble salts, especially sodium chloride (NaCl) in the soil, they can hurt plant growth and development. This is called salinity stress. Due to osmotic stress, high salt makes it hard for plants to take in water. It also causes ion toxicity (mainly from Na+ and Cl+) and nutrient problems by stopping plants from taking in important minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium. These changes in physiology often lead to less photosynthesis, stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, and, in the end, less food output. Managing saltwater stress takes a combination of methods, such as making the soil drain better, using crop types that can handle salt, and using biostimulants, which make plants more resistant by keeping their physiological processes stable during stress. Manganese (Mn) can play a big part in this if we use their unique qualities, like their ability to survive in salty circumstances. It works with antioxidant enzymes like manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) to get rid of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are made when there is salt stress. This lowers oxidative damage. As a result, getting enough manganese (Mn) through foliar sprays, Mn fertilizerss, Mn tablets, and the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture has become much more important for reducing salt stress and improving plant health overall. This study looks at the many ways that manganese (Mn) can help plants deal with the bad effects of salt stress. By understanding these processes, we can come up with Mn-based ways to make crops more resistant to salt damage and increase their output in salty soils
Estimation of Lipid Peroxidation of Spinach Leaf Extract\u27s after Radiation Exposure to Mice Brain
Full text linkThis study seeks to investigate the radioprotective efficacy of spinach in mitigating oxidative stress induced by radiation, given its leaves\u27 richness in antioxidants, including proteins, vitamins, ascorbic acid, p-coumaric acid, and carotenoids (lutein, beta-carotene, and zeaxanthin). Healthy male 6-week-old Swiss albino mice were chosen from an inbred colony and kept on regular mouse food and water without restriction. Four groups of mice were used for the tests. There was no treatment given to Group 1 (normal). Group II (drug treated) received a daily oral supplement of spinach extract dissolved in double-distilled water at a level of 1100 mg/kg.b.wt./day for 15 days in a row. For 15 days in a row after being exposed, Group III (experimental) also received oral spinach extract at a rate of 1100 mg/kg.b.wt/day. Supplementing with spinach before irradiation lowers the LPO values, which were significantly elevated by radiation at all examined intervals. Day 30° saw the experimental group\u27s LPO values return to normal, while the control group\u27s LPO values were remained increased by about 12%. It is possible that spinach leaf extract lowers LPO values by squelching free radicals because the amounts of LPO products in the brains of mice given SE supplements activate antioxidant enzymes in the brain. The present study\u27s protective effect of SE on the brain\u27s LPO value suggests that spinach may have some radioprotective properties if consumed regularly. This could be because of the antioxidants\u27 synergistic effects
Exploring the Role of Spirulina in Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkAquaculture plays an important role in meeting the demand of seafood worldwide. Spirulina platensis, a blue-green algae rich in essential nutrients, has gained attention for its possible use in the preparation of aquafeeds. The nutritional benefits of Spirulina have been extensively studied, and it has shown great potential as a dietary supplement in aquaculture to enhance growth and health of the fish. This review article explores the role of Spirulina in increasing aquaculture production by focusing on its nutritional benefits, its effect on growth performance, the health of the fish, and its application in aquaculture
Allelopathic Effects of Invasive Alien Species Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Full text linkThe Asteraceae family includes Parthenium hysterophorus. The subtropical regions of the Americas are the original habitat of this invasive noxious weed. It is spreading in India and other Asian countries at an alarming rate. It releases allelochemicals like parthenin into the environment by leaching, volatilization, etc. It has ability to grow very fast. It is branched, annual, erect herbaceous plant with tap root system. Stem is cylindrical with longitudinal lines. The alternating leaves are simple and have deep pinnatifid veins. There are several tiny, hairy flower heads at the very end, called capitulum. In every flower-head, you\u27ll find five tiny seeds called achenes. We are well-versed in the toxic effects of P. hysterophorus and would like to prevent an infestation. But managing it through its use for various objectives is better than merely regulating its growth, which won\u27t get rid of it. The practical qualities of Parthenium hysterophorus have recently attracted a great deal of attention from researchers.
Study of Certain Behaviours of Red Wattled Lapwings in Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary
Full text linkSur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is a Ramsar site which is located within the Agra region of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Red Wattled Lapwing is a resident of South Asia and has distinct vocalisations and ground nesting habits. Field observations were conducted over a six-month period and data related to certain behaviours including feeding habits, courtship rituals and interaction with other species were collected. A finding suggests that Red Wattled Lapwing exhibits strong territorial behaviour with males actively defending nesting sites. The role of vocalisation is not just important in communication but also in mate attraction. They typically forage in groups and use a combination of sight and hearing to locate food. They are omnivorous and hence their diet is beneficial in changing environmental conditions where food availability may fluctuate. They also play a critical ecological role in regulating insect population in agricultural fields as they are insectivorous in nature. They can also serve as bioindicators due to their sensitivity to environmental changes
Exploring the Endophytic and Phytochemical Landscape of Aegle marmelos: From Ethnomedicine to Biotechnological Innovation
No full textAegle marmelos is a well-known medicinal plant in Ayurveda with a variety of pharmacological qualities due to its rich phytochemical profile. This article discusses the phytoconstituents and endophytes found in leaves, bark, roots, fruits, and seeds of different plants. It also emphasises how endophytes, especially fungi and actinomycetes, are linked to A. marmelos and how they can mimic and enhance its therapeutic potential. Notable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, and enzyme-inhibitory properties have been observed in endophytic species such as Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Xylaria. There are new opportunities for sustainable drug discovery and therapeutic development due to the growing evidence of horizontal gene transfer and phytochemical convergence between endophytes and their hosts
Physiological Effects of Chromium (Cr) on Spinacia oleracea L. under Controlled Conditions
No full textHeavy metal contamination in agricultural soils is a significant environmental concern that jeopardises crop yield and food safety. This study examined the phytotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺), provided as potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇), on many physiological parameters of Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach). Plants were subjected to several doses of Cr (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) in a controlled environment. The findings indicated a concentration-dependent reduction in germination %, root and shoot lengths, leaf area, biomass (both fresh and dry weight), and chlorophyll content. In contrast, proline accumulation rose considerably under Cr stress, demonstrating an active physiological response to metal-induced oxidative stress. The highest level of chromium (150 mg/L) caused a 30.76% drop in germination, a 41.5% drop in total chlorophyll, and a 71.2% rise in proline content compared to the control. These results indicate that Cr stress adversely affects spinach growth and metabolism, but proline accumulation may function as a protective adaptation strategy. The study underscores the susceptibility of spinach to chromium toxicity and advocates for its possible application as a bioindicator for environmental monitoring in damaged agroecosystems