Biotechnology Journal International
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Screening of Yeasts Other than Saccharomyces for Amino acid Decarboxylation
No full textThis study is aimed at screening non-Saccharomyces for amino acids decarboxylation potentials. The yeasts were isolated from banana fruit and honey purchased from markets in Rivers State. The isolation and molecular identification of yeast isolates were according to standard microbiological procedures. A plate assay method for amino acid decarboxylation (biogenic amine production) screening was used. Wild Non-Saccharomyces yeast (NSY) were identified as Candida tropicalis Pe 1 (B7), Candida tropicalis WC65-1 (B10), Candida tropicalis WC57 (H4), Clavispora lusitaniae WM03 (H7), and a Commercial Wine yeast (CY) identified as Candida tropicalis zhuan4 (CY). The NSYs and CY were biogenic amine producers, from L-histidine and glutamic acid; strain variability from glycine, proline, glutamine, and asparagine decarboxylation; while L-arginine, lysine, tyrosine, cysteine, leucine, and phenylalanine were not decarboxylated at a concentration of 0.1 %. The increase in amino acid concentration influenced the number of amino acids decarboxylated - phenylalanine and leucine; L-histidine, glycine, asparagine and glutamic acid were decarboxylated by wild NSY and CY, while the strain variability of phenylalanine, proline, leucine and glutamic acid decarboxylation. The amino acids L-arginine, lysine, tyrosine, and cysteine were not decarboxylated. In terms of the concentration of amino acids, L-histidine and glutamic acid were decarboxylated and arginine, lysine, tyrosine, and cysteine were not decarboxylated by wild NSY isolates and CY. The Chi-square Test and Kendall’s Test of concordance suggest that there is no association between the amino acid concentrations (0.1 and 1 %) and biogenic amine production (P-value > 0.05). The wild NSY and CY are biogenic amine-producers, and the increase in amino acid concentration influences biogenic amine production concerning some amino acids
Effect of Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Labeo rohita Reared in Glass Tank
No full textFish is used as a great source of food and the quality of its meat can be indicated by fat and protein contents as well as low quantity of water in fish meat. Therefore, the present study was performed for improvement in weight, feed-conversion ratio, protein-efficiency ratio, and growth. The experiment was performed at commercial level in field (pond) and the influence of fish meal protein on growth of Labeo rohita was investigated in 60 days culture trials. 90 fingerlings (Size: 4.97 to 6.04; Weight: 4.15 to 4.20) were maintained in well aerated 280 L three glass tanks in triplicate. These glass tanks were named as T1, T2 and T3. T1 was consisted of 30% crude protein with control diet containing proteins, fats vitamins and fibres, T2 consisted of 35% protein with control diet, while T3 consisted of only control diet (rice polish). The fish were fed 4% percent of their body weight twice a day at twelve hours interval for 60 days. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight, feed-conversion ratio, protein-efficiency ratio, and gross fish production of fish having 35% fish meal protein with control diet (T2) when compared with 30% fish meal protein with control diet T1 and control diet T3. These findings suggest that 35% fishmeal protein appear to be sufficient for obtaining optimum growth in fish
Anti-bacterial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Onion, Garlic and Cinnamon on Xanthomonas Species
No full textOnion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are edible herbs but they contain many chemicals which can be used as medicine. These herbs also contain many antibiotic molecules that are capable to inhibit or reduce growth of many types of microbes including bacteria. Due to the development of resistance of bacteria against synthetic antibiotic now there is a need to have natural antibiotic which must be harmless, cheap and easily available. To know the effectiveness of garlic, onion, and cinnamon on disease causing bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, extracts of each sample was made in water and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of plant extracts was observed at two different stages: at the time of inoculation and after growth of pathogen on media. Results showed extracts applied on all the bacteria before growth inhibited maximum bacterial growth as compared to applied after growth. Moreover, cinnamon extract in ethanol effectively control bacterial growth than onion and garlic extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was shown by ethanolic extract of cinnamon before growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (7.333 mm), Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (7.83 mm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (5.1 mm). After 24 hours, maximum growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis was inhibited by ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (2.82 and 3.35 mm, respectively) while Xanthomonas campestris was inhibited by ethanolic extract of onion (6.55 mm). Extract diluted from 66mg/ml to 0.01mg/ml showed different minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens. As concentration decreases inhibition of bacteria also decreases. Ethanolic extracts of cinnamon showed maximum MIC against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (3.5 mm to 1.5 mm) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (5 mm to 2 mm) while for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ethanolic extract of garlic (3 mm to 1 mm) was effective ranging between 66mg/ml to 33 mg/ml. This study highlighted that natural products possess ability to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and would also be helpful in medicinal field for further study
Cellulase: Distribution, Production, Characterization and Industrial Applications
No full textCellulase enzyme complex is comprised of three enzymes namely exo-glucanase, endo-glucanase and β-glucosidase which act synergistically to deconstruct cellulosic biomass in order to produce fermentable sugars. The enzymes are produced naturally by the living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. The majority of microorganisms that live in extreme environments including hot/cold springs, rumen stomach, deep ocean trench, acidic/alkaline pH environment, have been regarded as appealing producers of cellulase. Cellulases produced by microorganisms have enormous applications in different industries such as agriculture, food and feed production, brewing, textile, laundry and biofuel production. Scientists as well as industry researchers consider cellulases as a prospective candidate for further studies due to the intricacy of the enzyme system and massive industrial potential. Scientific belief in its production and further studies challenges are receiving greater attention these days, notably in the intent of decreasing its production cost at the industrial scale. In this review, future possibilities of using cellulase for various industrial applications are also addressed
Selection of Perspective Varieties of Cornelian Cherry in the Area of Tuzla Canton
No full textOrganic food production contributes to the preservation of human health, preservation and protection of the environment and increase of soil fertility, reduction of all forms of pollution as a consequence of intensive agricultural production and animal husbandry. Hence by purchasing products that carry the label organic product consumers indirectly affect the protection and preservation of the environment Organic food is food that is worth investing in due to the smaller amount of harmful substances in the products.
Cornel cherry (Cornus mas L.) is one of the most suitable species for organic production. It is adaptable to various abiotic factors and is resistant to numerous pests and diseases.
Aims: The aim of the study was to select promising dogwood phenotypes from the natural population for further reproduction by grafting.
Study Design: The subject of the research was selected 6 self-growing dogwoods from a rural area.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples of fruit were collected at the site of Ćehaje, City of Srebrenik,Tuzla Canton, BiH in the spring of 2019.
Methodology: In order to determine the best traits, the measurement of physical quantities, determination of coefficients of variation and analysis of chemical characteristics of dogwood fruits harvested from trees of 6 wild phenotypes marked as DKA1, DKA2, DKA3, DKA4, DKA5 and DKA6 were performed.
Results: Based on the analyzed indicators, the DKA6 phenotype showed the best results
In vitro Evaluation of the Fungicidal Potential of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Thevetia peruviana on the Development of Rigidoporus lignosus, Causal Agent of White Root rot of Hevea brasiliensis
No full textAims: The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of (aqueous (EAq) and methanolic (ME)) extracts of Thevetia peruviana on the in vitro development of Rigidoporus lignosus.
Study Design: A synthetic fungicide (Onazol 100), two extracts at differents concentrations: C1 = 3.5 mg / ml; C2 = 7 mg / ml; C3 = 15 mg / ml; C4 = 30 mg / ml; C5 = 50 mg / ml and C6 = 100 mg / ml for EAq; C1 = 3.5 ml/ml; C2 = 7 ml/ml; C3 = 15 ml/ml; C4 = 30 ml/ml; C5 = 50 ml/ml for ME and a negative control (T = 0 mg / ml) were used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in pathology laboratory at University of Yaounde I and IRAD of Nkolbisson in 2018.
Methodology: Daily measurements of the pathogen\u27s development was used to evaluate the average growth (D) of the mycelium. The inhibition percentages of the different doses of EAq, ME and ONAZOL 100 were calculated after 4 to 5 days of growth of the fungus.
Results: The major result obtained compared to the rate of rot showed that the treatments EAq, ME (C6) and ONAZOL 100 were closed. The disease rates at different concentrations of C1 to C6 were 13.91 to 100% for ME, 9.34 to 100% for EAq, and 100% for ONAZOL 100.
Conclusion: The two extracts are promising, and on small and medium scale, could be an effective and cheap formulation for the control of Rigidoporus lignosus
Recombinant Co-Expression of Collagen A1 (I) Fragment with the Prolyl 4-Hydroxylases (P4H) Subunits in Komagataella phaffii
No full textRecombinant collagen and collagen-like products are increasingly replacing animal-sourced collagen that is difficult to produce in safe and standard quality. In this study to produce hydroxylated collagen, a 400 base pair collagen fragment of the bovine COL1A1 gene was co-expressed with prolyl-4-hydroxylase subunit α (P4Hα) and prolyl-4-hydroxylase subunit β(P4Hβ) encoding the P4H enzyme in Komagataella phaffii. For this purpose, each target gene was inserted into the pPICZαA vector and then cloned in E. coli DH5α cells. Subsequently, co-expression vectors were constructed using recombinant vectors isolated from positive clones according to the in vitro multimer ligation method. All recombinant expression and co-expression vectors were transformed into K. phaffii X33 cells by electroporation. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) proved that all target genes were transcribed by recombinant strains. The expression of recombinant proteins was performed for 96 hours by methanol-fed cultivation, and the concentration of the purified proteins from the culture medium was measured by the His-Tag enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The concentrations of rP4Hα and rP4Hβ, and rCol1 proteins expressed individually by recombinant strains were determined to be 10.69 µg/L, 10.74 µg/L, and 8.61 µg/L, respectively, while the concentrations of co-expressed rP4Hα/β and rP4Hα/β/rCol1 proteins were 7.82 µg/L and 5.02 µg/L, respectively. These results showed that the target genes were successfully expressed and co-expressed in the recombinant K. phaffii cell
In vitro Callogenesis and Organogenesis from Carolina Reaper (Syn. Capsicum Chinense Jacq.) and Chromosomal Analysis
No full textAims: The aim of this paper is to develop an in vitro organogenesis and callogenesis protocol for Carolina Reaper pepper, and to determine the karyotype and nucleoli of this cultivar.
Methodology: The MS medium with supplemented with indole-3-butyric (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) and kinetin (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) was used. The leaves and nodal segments of Carolina reaper was utilized for the callogenesis and organogenesis induction. The responses to growth regulators were evaluated 30 days of cultivation. The meristematic tissue was pre-treated with 0.05% (w/v) of colchicine for six hours at 18°C. The samples were fixed in Carnoy for 12 hours. Chromosomal observations were made with binocular optical microscope (Leica DM 750) and the cells in good condition for counting the chromosomes and karyotype assembly were photographed. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared by the two-way Analysis of Variance. The means were separated according to Tukey test (P = 0.05).
Results: Calli were induced from both leaf and stem segments when indole-3-butyric 0 mg L-1 + kinetin 1 mg L-1 were used. Development of shoots in leaf and stem segment were obtained when indole-3-butyric 2 mg L-1 + kinetin 4 mg L-1 were used, and roots regenerated with indole-3-butyric 4 mg L-1 + kinetin 1 mg L-1. It was found two nucleoli in every cell interphase, suggesting that two nucleolar organizer regions are expressing their ribosomal genes. Karyotype analysis indicated a chromosome number of 2n = 24, which is correlation with other Capsicum genus varieties. It was observed 1 or 2 nucleoli per nucleus of both types, homomorphic and heteromorphic. The results can help in programs of breeding and conservation of this cultivar and other species of pepper.
Conclusion: Using the concentrations of growth hormones indicated in the present report, it could be possible to regenerate leaves and nodal segments in vitro clones from the original genotype. We have also described the chromosome number and nucleolus number of Carolina reaper, generating a data that could help in programs of breeding, as in the generation of polyploid plants and conservation species of pepper
Technical Sheet of the Preparation of Traditional Cassava Starters Used for Attieke Production in Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textAims: The aim of this study was to identify the different methods of preparing the traditional cassava starters used for attiéké production in Côte d\u27Ivoire, allowed the recounting of five different production methods.
Study Design: Sampling of cassava starters were collected from attiéké producers de four areas of south of Côte d’Ivoire. The cassava starters obtained with the braised cassava were collected from attiéké women producers of Grand-Lahou, those obtained directly from fresh cassava were collected from attiéké producers in the region of Bonoua, and those obtained with the cassava cooked at water were collected from attiéké women producers of Abidjan and Jacqueville. Place and Duration of Study: University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (between March 2018 and June 2019).
Methodology: Traditional cassava starters are produced with the bitter or sweet variety of cassava, either freshly preserved without cooking until fermented, boiled in boiling water or braised over a wood fire.
Conclusion: This study highlighted five methods of preparing traditional cassava starters used in Côte d\u27Ivoire for the preparation of attiéké, a food derived from cassava. This is the starters from fresh preserved uncooked cassava that derived from fresh braised cassava and those (three) from fresh cassava cooked with boiling water either with the casing or without the casing after cooking and without the shell during cooking
In vitro Propagation of Bacopa monnieri (L.)
No full textAn experiment was conducted for standardization of in vitro propagation technique of Bacopa monnieri (L.), a medicinal herb of India. Healthy leaf segments of the herb were used as explants with basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various combinations of different growth regulators for callus, shoot and root initiation. The best callus induction percentage (95.47%) was observed on MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BAP (T3). The maximum number of shoots (8), shoot length (9.30 cm) and shoot induction percentage (90.48%) was achieved on MS + 3.0 mg/L BAP and 1.0 mg/L Kn (ST4). The maximum number of roots (8) and root length (7) was observed on MS + 1.5 mg/L IAA (RT5). The rooted micro shoots were successfully hardened and acclimatized in green house and subsequently established in soil with survival rate of 90%