Asian Soil Research Journal
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Effect of Nitrogen Level and Plant Spacing on Production Parameters of Boro Rice (cv. BRRI dhan28)
No full textA field experiment was conducted in the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from December 2017 to April, 2018 to study the effect of different nitrogen level and spacing on the growth, grain yield and yield component and to determine their economic feasibility of BRRI dhan28 under irrigated conditions. The experiment comprised of Levels of nitrogen (4 levels); N1: 50% of recommended dose (60 kg N ha-1), N2: 100% of recommended dose (120 kg N ha-1), N3: 125% of recommended dose (149 kg N ha-1) and N4: 150% of recommended dose (179 kg N ha-1) and Plant spacing (4 levels); S1: 15cm × 15cm, S2: 20cm × 15cm (Recommended by BRRI), S3: 25cm × 15cm and S4: 20cm × 20cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The land was classified as medium-high, with non-calcareous dark-grey floodplain soil of silty loam texture. Data revealed that the tallest plant at the time of harvest. The highest plant height (109.1), number of total tillers hill-1 (17.88), number of effective tillers hill-1 (16.65), number of grains panicle-1 (85.23), grain yield (5.147 t ha-1), straw yield (6.857 t ha-1) and biological yield (12.00 t ha-1) were found in the treatment combination N3S4. So, the experiment showed that application of nitrogen 125% of recommended dose (149 kg N ha-1) and spacing 20cm × 20cm was more potential in regarding yield contributing characters and yield of BRRI dhan28
Impact of Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: A Kinetic Modelling Approach
No full textThis study investigates the dynamics of carbon (C) mineralization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in tropical soil treated with different organic amendments over a 120-day incubation period. The findings reveal a notable spike in CO2 emissions during the initial three days, primarily due to the quick breakdown of easily degradable organic materials. Following this peak, emissions decreased significantly until day 24, stabilizing afterward. Among the organic amendments, cow dung manure produced the highest CO2 emissions (129.13 mg C kg⁻¹), and maize straw yielded the lowest (98.74 mg C kg⁻¹). A combination of cow dung and rice straw resulted in substantial CO2 production (122.66 mg C kg⁻¹). When cumulative C mineralization was modeled using first-order and second-order kinetic equations, cow dung manure showed the highest mineralization rates and maize straw the lowest due to its high lignin content. The first-order model effectively characterized long-term C mineralization dynamics, showing the strong R² values between 0.9198 and 0.9864. This study highlights a crucial paradox in soil management: while organic amendments like cow dung enhance short-term nutrient availability. Conversely, amendments like maize straw, despite their lower mineralization rates, foster the formation of stable C pools essential for sustainable soil health, emphasizing the importance of choosing organic amendments based on their long-term objectives for C management and climate change mitigation
Combination Nutrient Management for Sustainable Economically Effect on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seed Production at Maitsebri, Northern, Ethiopia
No full textField experiment was conducted at Shire-Maitsebri Agricultural Research Center research station, located in northern Ethiopia to study the combination nutrient management for sustainable economically effect on onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production during 2016/17 dry season under irrigation. Bombay Red onion variety was used for the study. The treatments consisted five combination of NP fertilizer rates {0, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of recommended NP fertilizer rates (69 kg N and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1)} and four rates of vermicompost (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on onion seed production and its partial budget analysis. The highest seed yield per hectare (1462.5 kg ha-1) were obtained from plants grown at 75 % of RDF with vermicompost at 2.5 t ha-1 which were about 263% higher than seed yield from unfertilized control plot. The highest net benefit (Birr 443693.5 ha-1) was recorded from application of 75 % of RDF with 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost. It can, thus, be concluded that the combined application of 75 % of RDF with vermicompost at 2.5 t ha-1 can improve yield and quality of seed of Bombay Red onion variety in the study area
Characterization of Different Soil Types under Cocoa, Cashew and Rubber Fields in Center-West Region of Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textAims: This study was to characterize physical parameters of soils cocoa, cashew, and rubber fields.
Study Design: The study had a random design. In each field 3 plots with 10 m apart was established.
Place and Duration of Study: Data collection was carried out in Haut-Sassandra region, located 31.5 km from Daloa (6°45’0”N, 6°34’60”W, at 235 m sea level), between February and April 2023.
Methodology: We dug 3 pits per plot for the description of the soil. Each pit was 80 cm wide, 100 cm long and 120 cm deep. The soil profile was described horizon by horizon where thicknesses were determined, physical characteristics and colors were distinguished. Soil samples were taken to determine the purposefulness, retention and permeability of soil types.
Results: The results revealed variations in soil type, texture, and porosity. Soils under rubber and cashew cultivation contained a higher proportion of fine elements compared to those under cocoa cultivation. The upper horizon of these soils was richer in organic matter and exhibited a darker color. The soil under cocoa cultivation was identified as a Modal Ferralsol (ferralitic soil of modal type), while the soil under rubber trees was classified as a desaturated Ferralsol (desaturated ferrallitic soil), and the soil under cashew trees was a Vertisol. Soil porosity measurements showed that cocoa soils had the highest values. Among the different soil types studied, cocoa cultivation is considered moderately favorable to this crop.
Conclusion: The particle size analysis reveals a higher proportion of sand in soils under cocoa trees, compared to those under rubber and cashew. In short, the soil of cocoa has properties particularly adapted to the cultivation of cocoa trees, promoting its optimal development
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textIn the current rice production system, rising fertilizer prices result in greater input costs and inconsistent results for many crop growers. For a high rice yield to be produced, a proper fertilization strategy is required. The present research aims to study the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil physico-chemical properties and the yield of rice. The two-season experiment was carried out in a field of the Regional Research Center (Myaungmya), Department of Agriculture Research (DAR), Myanmar from September to December 2023 and February to May 2024. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with 5 replications. The treatments were: T1= control (without fertilizer), T2 = 77 kg N ha-1 (DAR recommended), T3 = 77 kg N ha-1 + 5 t ha-1 compost of rice straw with cow-dung, T4 = 36 kg N ha-1 + 5 t ha-1 compost of rice straw with cow-dung, T5 = 26 kg N ha + 5 t ha-1 compost of rice straw with cow-dung, and T6 = 5 ton ha-1 compost of rice straw with cow-dung only. The result indicates that the application of the recommended fertilizer plus 5 t ha-1 rice straw with cow-dung compost increased rice yield by 5.98 and 6.4 t ha-1 in both seasons of 2024. The physicochemical properties of soil were not significantly changed among the treatments except potassium. Therefore, the combined application of organic compost and recommended inorganic fertilizers could increase rice grain yield by increasing the tiller number, spikelet per panicle, and filled grain percentage
Seasonal Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Diversity and Colonization in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Rhizosphere of Rainforest Soils
No full textThis study investigated the impact of seasonal variation on the richness and composition of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) communities in soil from rainforest vegetation in Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples of top soil (0-15cm) and subsoil (15-30cm) were collected from rainforest vegetation in Port-Harcourt, and sampling months were categorized into rainy season, peak of rainy season, dry season and peak of dry season based on the data obtained from NiMET during the study period. A potted experiment was carried out at the teaching and research farm of the Rivers State University from January to April (dry season) and April to July (rainy season) to determine the colonization status of AMF in rhizosphere soils planted with cowpea. Morphology and microscopy were used for AMF identification. A total of eight genera of AMF namely: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Paraglomus, Rhizophagus, Dentiscutata, Archeaospora, and Clariodeglomus were isolated and identified in rhizosphere soils of cowpea cultivated, and the mycorrhiza genera followed the order: Acaulospora > Glomus > Archeaspora > Clariodeoglomus > Rhizophagus > Paraglomus > Dentiscutata > Gigaspora. AMF colonization and population was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season indicating that seasonal variations has an impact on AMF diversity, population, and colonization of cowpea rhizosphere. Seasons can be taken advantage of to improve plant productivity and health
The Role of Micronutrients in Sustainable Production
No full textConsidering the world\u27s expanding population, sustainable agriculture is becoming more and more important for maintaining environmental health and food security. Micronutrients like iron, zinc, manganese, and copper are among the essential elements of plant nutrition and are essential for improving crop yield, food quality, and plant health. Micronutrient deficiencies can result in severe decrease in agricultural productivity, increased susceptibility to diseases, and poor nutritional quality of food crops, with additional health consequences for humans, even though they are necessary in trace amounts. The physiological roles of micronutrients, their significance in plant systems, and the intricate relationships between them in the soil environment are all covered in this review. It looks at cutting-edge, environmentally friendly methods of managing micronutrients, such as integrated nutrient management, soil testing, biofortification, and precision agriculture technologies. We can improve soil fertility, boost crop resilience, and advance food security by deepening our understanding of micronutrient dynamics and putting best management practices into practice. This will ultimately support sustainable agricultural systems and the general economic viability of farmers around the world. To promote these methods and guarantee long-term agricultural sustainability, future studies and legislative assistance are crucial
Effect of Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
No full textGibberellic acid (GA3) can significantly improve growth, yield and yield components of mungbean when applied as a foliar spray or seed treatment. This study aimed to determine the optimal rate and time of foliar GA₃ application on the improvement of growth and yield of mungbean (Yezin 14) variety in the post-monsoon seasons of 2023-24 and 2024-25. The experiment was conducted at Yezin Agricultural University farm, Myanmar by using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. In both experiments, there were ten treatments: control (no GA3 with water spray) (T1), 50 ppm GA3 at 20 days after sowing (DAS) (T2), 100 ppm GA3 at 20 DAS (T3), 150 ppm GA3 at 20 DAS (T4), 50 ppm GA3 at 40 DAS (T5), 100 ppm GA3 at 40 DAS (T6), 150 ppm GA3 at 40 DAS (T7), 50 ppm GA3 at 20 and 40 DAS (T8), 100 ppm GA3 at 20 and 40 DAS (T9) and 150 ppm GA3 at 20 and 40 DAS (T10). Key growth parameters yield and yield components, and some physiological traits were measured throughout the growing season. Results showed that foliar application of 100 ppm GA₃ at both 20 and 40 DAS (T9) significantly enhanced plant height, SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), and total dry matter compared to other treatments. This treatment also resulted the highest number of branches and pods per plant, pod length, seed yield (1927.9 kg ha⁻1 in 2023-24 and 1554.7 kg ha⁻1 in 2024-25), shelling percentage, and harvest index. These findings highlight that application of 100 ppm GA3 twice during the early growth stages markedly enhances mungbean productivity under the agro-climatic conditions of Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw
Comparative Evaluation of Soil Fertility and Quality of Soils Developed from Different Parent Materials in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
No full textThis study presents a comparative evaluation of soil fertility and quality of soils formed from different parent materials in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Parent material plays a critical role in the early stages of soil formation, influencing mineral composition, nutrient availability, and overall soil productivity. Three distinct parent materials coastal plain sand, shale stone, and alluvial deposits were selected for the investigation. Within each parent material, three representative profile pits were established and described following the FAO (1990) guidelines for soil profile characterization. Samples were collected from the identified genetic horizons for laboratory analysis, making a total of nine profiles. Results revealed considerable variation in soil physical and chemical properties among the different parent materials. Soils derived from alluvial deposits exhibited sand overlying sandy clay loam textures, while those developed from coastal plain sand and shale stone had sand overlying loamy sand or sandy loam horizons. The mean soil pH was extremely acidic in soils formed from coastal plain sand and shale stone, but moderately acidic in those developed from alluvial deposits. Organic matter content was relatively higher in alluvial soils compared with other parent materials, though not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, mean available phosphorus (P) was moderate in both coastal plain sand and alluvial soils but low in shale-derived soils. Exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and ECEC values were also higher in soils formed from alluvial deposits, though variations were statistically insignificant (p < 0.05).
Taxonomically, soils derived from coastal plain sand were classified as Typic Hapludults or Haplic Acrisols, and in some cases, Typic Dystrudepts or Dystric Cambisols. Soils from shale stone were identified as Arenic Paleudults or Haplic Acrisols, while those from alluvial deposits were classified as Aeric Endoaquults or Gleyic Acrisols. Overall, soils developed from coastal plain sand and shale stone exhibited intermediate soil quality, whereas those derived from alluvial deposits demonstrated higher quality and fertility potential
Optimizing Cassava Productivity on Coastal Plain Sands: Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management Using Poultry Manure and Microbial Fertilizer (CHC) under Conventional and Reduced Tillage
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of integrated nutrient management (INM) and tillage practices on cassava growth, yield, and nutrient accumulation on low-fertility Coastal Plain Sand soils in Etinan, Nigeria. Eight fertilizer treatments, including sole inorganic (NPK 15–15–15), sole organic (poultry manure), microbial fertilizer (CHC 240 L ha⁻¹), and their combinations, were applied under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT). Integrated treatments (NPK 400 kg ha⁻¹ + poultry manure 2.5 t ha⁻¹; NPK + CHC 240 L ha⁻¹) produced the highest tuber yields (32.4–36.7 t ha⁻¹) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K) across both seasons. In contrast, sole NPK resulted in substantially lower yields (16.8–23.6 t ha⁻¹), a performance often worse than the unfertilized control, underscoring the limitations of sole mineral fertilization on sandy, nutrient-poor soils. Organic and microbial fertilizers enhanced soil biological activity and nutrient synchrony, improving nutrient uptake—particularly potassium. Tillage effects were generally non-significant for yield, and importantly, no significant fertilizer × tillage interaction was observed for most parameters, indicating that fertilizer type rather than soil disturbance determined cassava performance. Overall, INM—especially NPK combined with poultry manure or microbial fertilizer—proved the most effective strategy for improving cassava productivity and nutrient accumulation on fragile sandy soils