Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International
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Application of Propolis Extracts in Prevention of the Occurrence and Development of Phytophthora infestans in Ecological Agricultural Production of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)
No full textOrganic Agricultural Production is a special system of food production that exists in a rule-based, socially demanding, and environmentally constrained space within wider agriculture. It must meet social standards in key areas, such as sustainable use of natural resources, while minimally impacting local ecosystems throughout the growth cycle. The use of phytopharmaceutical substitutes is a core component, replacing conventional agriculture pesticides which have been shown to damage local ecosystems. In recent years, considerable research effort has been put into discovering alternative natural substitutes with pesticidal and antifungal properties.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of propolis extracts on the growth and development of Phytopathological fungi, presenting an alternative to other phytopharmaceutical substitutes.
In this paper, the “American” tomato species are used throughout as it represents a common supermarket tomato variety. The following are the conclusions central to this paper: (1) preventative usage of alcoholic extracts controlls the likelihood of development of Phytophthora infestans and its subsequent growth while having a reduced environmental impact (2) a comparison of propolis extracts with other staple organic extracts found improvements in profitability, produce growth speed and energy requirement (3) produce yield was increased with the use of a propolis solution compared to other organic extracts, however, a combined alcoholic extract of propolis was found to have further benefits, specifically in the prevention and neutralization of aphids
Value Chain Analysis of Groundnut in Tamil Nadu, India
No full textOilseeds provide vegetable oils which not only form an essential part of human diet but also serve as an important raw material for the manufacture of soaps, paints, varnishes, hair oils, lubricants and various other products. Among all the oilseed crops groundnut is an important oilseed and supplementary food crop. Itis also called as ‘the king of oilseeds. In Tamil Nadu, Ground nut is being cultivated in almost all the districts. Totally, 240 farmers were contacted from 24 villages spread over in 8 blocks of 2 districts. Besides farmers, traders and processors were contacted in each district at the rate of 10 traders per district. The data were analysed by using value chain mapping and price spread analysis. Results indicated that cost of cultivation under rainfed condition was Rs. 30967.81 per ha and Rs. 34789.21 per ha under irrigated condition. The net income realised was Rs. 30628.38 and Rs.32450.26 per ha in rainfed and irrigated condition respectively. The results reveal that net income from groundnut was found to be higher under irrigated condition. Value chain analysis indicated that there were 5 marketing channels through which groundnut were marketed by the sample farmers. Nearly 23.33 percent of the sample farmers sold the produce to the village merchants. The percentage of the sample farmers marketed through commission agents and regulated markets were 25.00 and 33.33, respectively
Seed Germination and Growth of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O\u27Rorke) Baill. (Irvingiaceae) Seedlings in a Controlled Environment East of Taï National Park (Buyo, South-West of Ivory Coast)
No full textAnthropogenic activities tend to destroy forest resources such as Irvingia gabonensis, a species much prized by the local populations of the Taï National Park (TNP). The enormous pressure on the natural stands of this species is leading to its rarefaction and even extinction. This study was to identify the best methods for germinating Irvingia gabonensis seeds, with a view to facilitating their integration into cropping systems on the outskirts of the park, with a view to conserving the species and promoting nutritional security. The methodological approach consisted of a series of five (5) treatments to lift dormancy and control seeds (T0) and measure germination and seedling growth parameters, all in a randomised Fisher experimental set-up. In order to control soil moisture, watering was carried out morning and evening, except in the event of rain. The seedlings were placed under a shade canopy to reduce their exposure to light. The results showed that seeds subjected to treatments T3 (soaking seeds in 33% dilute sulphuric acid for 96 h followed by rinsing with well water), T4 (soaking seeds in well water for 96 h) and T5 (manual scarification of seeds using a lime) had a better germination rate (83.33%, 80% and 66.66% respectively). The shortest germination times were recorded in T5 (5 days), T2 (heating at 45°C for 10 min followed by soaking the seeds in well water for 24 h) and T3 (8 days) and T1 (soaking the seeds in well water for 24 h followed by heating at 45°C for 10 min) with 11 days. T1 and T4 gave the shortest germination times (4 and 6 days respectively). In addition, the height growth of seedlings from T2, T3 and T4 was better. However, serious regressions were observed in the diameter growth of seedlings from T2 and T3 after 21 days. Treatments T3 and T4 are the most appropriate for growing Irvingia gabonensis. The results of this research could be applied to the conservation of Irvingia gabonensis by facilitating its integration into local cropping systems, thereby improving agricultural practices
Stakeholder Views on Harmful Effects of Herbicides in Four Communities in Birim South District, Ghana
No full textThe study investigated stakeholder perceptions of the harmful effects of herbicides in four communities within the Birim South District of Ghana. It seeks to understand the views of Junior High School students, their teachers, and local farmers concerning the health and environmental risks posed by herbicides. A cross-sectional survey involving 90 students, 30 teachers, and 60 farmers was conducted using a structured questionnaire with close-ended items. Descriptive analysis showed that all respondent groups agreed on the harmful effects of herbicides, particularly on water contamination, soil fertility, and health. The study highlighted a strong consensus among respondents regarding the adverse impacts of herbicides on plant biodiversity, wildlife, and air quality. However, discrepancies emerged concerning knowledge of air pollution and specific health risks like endocrine disruption. Farmers exhibited the highest awareness of herbicide-related risks compared to teachers and students. Concerns were also raised about the involvement of children in herbicide application, with evidence suggesting potential negative impacts on their academic performance and health. The findings call for enhanced educational programs targeting all stakeholders to correct misconceptions and promote safer herbicide practices
Principal Component Analysis in Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) under Salt Stress Conditions
No full textThe study was carried out in a polyhouse using germination trays to examine the impact of salt stress on seedling growth and germination across 42 Kodo Millet genotypes. Conducted at the Research Farm of RVSKVV, Gwalior, the experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. To minimize variability and maintain uniform conditions, a standardized growing medium composed of compost, vermiculite, and cocopeat in a 1:1:1 ratio was employed. Salt stress levels were assessed using NaCl solutions at concentrations of 50 mM, 100 mM, 250 mM, and 500 mM. In this study, two principal components with eigen values greater than one collectively accounted for 72.2% of the total variability among the analyzed traits. The first principal component (PC1) contributed the most, explaining 63.05% of the variation, while the second principal component (PC2) explained 9.15%. PC1 was primarily associated with traits such as days to emergence, final germination percentage, shoot length, seedling length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and proline content. In contrast, PC2 was dominated by traits such as root length, vigor index, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The scores for PC1 ranged from 0.002 to 3.795 for positive values and -7.521 to -0.034 for negative values, while PC2 scores ranged from 0.061 to 2.894 for positive values and -2.687 to -0.089 for negative values. Scree plot and biplot collectively highlighted the major contributors to variability and their interrelationships under the salt stress condition in kodo millet genotypes
Integrated Weed Management in Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
No full textThe experiment was conducted at Regional Spices Research Centre, BARI, Magura during the cropping season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 to find out the best management practices for controlling the weed of turmeric. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nine different treatments and a control plot were studied. Significant differences regarding yield and yield attributes were observed among different treatments. The results revealed that Cyperus rotundus was the major weed constituting 51% of the total weed flora. All treatments brought significant reduction in the count of weeds over control. The lowest number of these weeds was recorded in glyphosate @ 10 ml/L+ 1 HW at 70 DAP + straw mulch @ 5 t/ha treated plot. The highest fresh yield (64.63 t/ha in 2021-22 and 58.28 t/ha in 2022-23) was found from treatment T5 (glyphosate @ 10 ml/L+ 1 HW at 70 DAP + straw mulch @ 5 t/ha) and the lowest yield (20.16 kg/ha in 2021-22 and 20.07 in 2022-23) was found from control plot T10. Maximum weed control efficiency (91.97%) was found from treatment T5 (glyphosate @ 10 ml/L+ 1 HW at 70 DAP + straw mulch @ 5 t/ha). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was highest under glyphosate @ 10 ml/L+ 1 HW at 70 DAP + straw mulch @ 5 t/ha (3.75) followed by T6 (Paraquat @ 10 ml/L+ 1 HW (70 DAP) + straw mulch 5 t/ha (3.33)
Comparative Analysis of Hydroponic Farming Income between Pak Choy (Brassisca chinensis L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
No full textThe increasingly narrow area of productive land, especially in big cities, makes cultivating plants using hydroponic techniques attractive and increasingly important. In hydroponic farming there is also a production income value that is different from the production of the types of vegetables that have been planted. This research aims to determine the hydroponic farming income. This research was carried out from November 2022 to January 2023. The sampling method was carried out purposive sampling or intentionally, namely at Graha Indah Farm. The data collected is primary data because this hydroponic cultivator built his own business. The research findings indicate that the hydroponic farming income at Graha Indah Farm varies significantly. Pak choy generated IDR 38,660,002.53 in the first planting season and IDR 463,920,030.36 annually, equivalent to IDR 5,799.00 m-2 year-1. Meanwhile, lettuce yielded IDR 16,183,000.83 in the first planting season and IDR 194,196,007.59 annually, equivalent to IDR 809.15 m-2 year-1. Pak choy contributed to 87.76% of the income, whereas lettuce accounted for 12.24%. Thus, it\u27s evident that lettuce has a higher income and demand value
Life Cycle Analysis of the Production of Neutral Alcohol Obtained from Winemaking Byproducts for Use in Perfumery
No full textAs is the case in many other industries, major fragrance brands are now incorporating circular-economy in their product-development strategies. This is in response to growing consumer demand for more environmentally friendly products. In light of this objective, perfumery raw materials must be evaluated against environmental and societal criteria. This more critical context, coupled with the fact that alcohol can constitute up to 95% of a fragrance, means greater attention is being given the origin of this fragrance solvent. Industries are now becoming keenly interested in seeking out more environmentally friendly alternatives to alcohols derived from field crops (sugar beet, wheat, corn, sugarcane) so as to use a sustainable alcohol with excellent olfactory performance. To this end, this study entailed evaluating the environmental impact of an extra-neutral grape alcohol produced in France and obtained from winemaking residues. Its olfactory performance has been proven to meet the expectations and industrial needs of perfumers. The environmental impact was assessed by a life cycle analysis (LCA) carried out per the current NF EN ISO 14040 standard. The results show that extra-neutral grape alcohol is positively comparable to sugar beet alcohol, particularly as concerns greenhouse gas emissions. Upcycled grape alcohol is also produced through sustainable management of winemaking waste and does not conflict with land needs for food production. Lastly, unlike field crops, grapevines in the form of vineyards are a perennial crop and therefore serve as major carbon sinks, much the same way forests do
Performance of Finger Millet Varieties (Eleusine coracana L.) in Different Establishment Methods
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Instructional cum Research (ICR) Farm, AAU, Jorhat during the Sali season (2022-23) with a view “Performance of finger millet varieties (Eleusine coracana L.) In different establishment methods”. The experiment was laid out in Factorial RBD which was replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of 4 (Four) establishment methods viz., broadcasting (M1), line sowing (M 2), transplanting (M 3), and SFMI {System of finger millet intensification} (M4) and 3 (Three) varieties namely- GPU-67 (V 1), CFMV-2 (V 2) and AAU-GSG-Maruvadhan(V 3). Based on results obtained from the present investigation, it was concluded that finger millet grown in the transplanting method with a combination of CFMV-2 variety must obtain higher growth, yield, and quality parameters of finger millet
Sea Buckthorn: A Review on the Hidden Treasure of the Temperates
No full textSea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is one of the most common yet underutilized dioecious fruit crop of the temperate region. This plant is known as the gold mine of the cold deserts due to its exceptional winter hardiness and multiple uses. It is a potential functional food which is rich in nutritional and medicinal values and holds the potential to emerge as a future food cum medicinal crop. Traditionally, the crop is used as a folk medicine, fence, wind break, firewood and fodder. The fruits are rich in tannins, flavonoids, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols and lipids. The cultivation of sea buckthorn is low demanding and it is seen growing wild in the valleys, riverbanks, slopes and mountains in the temperate regions. Though extensive research and developmental activities are progressing, commercial cultivation and popularization of sea buckthorn is still in the nascent stage. Some of the challenges faced by the sea buckthorn industry include lack of awareness regarding its potential, its short harvest season and high moisture content that prevents the farmers from cultivating crop and also hinders development of value-added products. An enhancement in the production aspects of this crop can be a boon to the horticulture industry. Proper interventions and policies from government, standardization of production technology, production of quality planting material of promising cultivars etc. are some of the ways towards popularizing the crop