Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International
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Standardization of In vitro Seed Culture Technique for Six Rose Varieties
No full textResearch was conducted at Biotechnology-cum-Tissue Culture Centre under Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, during the year 2021-2022 to rescue the embryo of rose seeds in Six Rose varities like Pusa Baramasi, Gold Strike, Ravel, Sadabahar, Summer Fragrance and Orange Sensation with the objectives to study the effect and efficacy of plant bioregulators on In vitro germination of rose seeds. The In vitro experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications by using different combination of BAP, GA3 and AdS in MS media. The results of the study revealed that seeds of the rose variety Pusa Baramasi were the best explants for the experiment. The MS medium when supplemented with treatment T5 i.e, {BAP (2.5 mg/l) + GA3 (0.5 mg/l) + AdS (50 mg/l)} resulted in early shoot initiation in Pusa Baramasi (7.15 days) followed by Ravel (11.63 days), Gold Strike (11.89 days), Sadabahar (12.38 days), Summer Fragrance (12.95 days) and Orange Sensation (13.32 days). Maximum available days for shoot development was also observed in Pusa Baramasi (36.02 days) when MS medium supplemented with same concentration of BAP, GA3 and AdS followed by Ravel (18.17 days), Gold Strike (17.72 days), Sadabahar (17.19 days), Summer Fragrance (16.53 days) and Orange Sensation (15.85 days) in the treatment T5 significantly delayed the cessation of the growth in Pusa Baramasi (43.17 days) followed by Ravel (29.79 days), Gold Strike (29.61 days), Sadabahar (29.57 days), Summer Fragrance (29.48 days) and Orange Sensation (29.71 days) and produced maximum number of leaves in Pusa Baramasi (3.40 leaves) followed by Ravel (1.51 leaves), Gold Strike (1.50 leaves), Sadabahar (1.23 leaves), Summer Fragrance (1.07 leaves) and Orange Sensation (0.92 leaves). Pusa Baramasi showed light green leaves with the treatment T4 {BAP (2.0 mg/l) + GA3 (0.5 mg/l) + AdS (50 mg/l)} and T5 {BAP (2.5 mg/l) + GA3 (0.5 mg/l) + AdS (50 mg/l)} and other treatments showed whitish green leaves. Ravel, Gold Strike and Sadabahar varities also showed light green leaves when MS medium was supplemented with treatment T5 and rest of the treatments showed whitish green colour leaves. Summer Fragrance and Orange sensation showed whitish green colour leaves in all the treatments. Early callus initiation was observed in Pusa Baramasi (12.53 days) followed by Ravel (16.59 days), Gold Strike (17.69 days), Sadabahar (18.26 days), Summer Fragrance (18.48 days), Orange Sensation (19.21 days) and Pusa Baramasi showed light green callus when MS medium was supplemented with the treatment T5 and other treatments showed whitish green callus. Ravel, Gold Strike, Sadabahar, Summer Fragrance and Orange sensation also showed whitish green colour callus in all the treatments
Demonstration and Participatory Evaluation of Improved Forage Production in Case of Shabeley District Fafan Zone, Somali Region
No full textThis experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating and demonstration the productivity of the selected improved forage species and assessing pastoralists’ perception on the selected forage species and assessing pastoralist criteria for select forage species as livestock feed evaluated. Data on growth yield and yield related parameters were collected and analysed using SAS software. Accordingly, the result Panicum grass had significantly (P<0.05) early maturity than Sudan, Rhodes grass variety the biomass yield of Sudan was significantly higher than all the other grass species, in Sudan (12 t/ha) and Panicum (9t/ha) followed by Rhodes (6.7t/ha) and the maturity for Sudan Grass was significantly higher than the other species in (67 days). Where Sudan and Panicum Grass showed significantly higher plant height than the other grass types the highest plant height was recorded from Sudan grass (2.06m) followed by Panicum grass (1.75cm) and Rhodes (70cm) grass respectively.
Overall, the findings indicate that agro-pastoralists favour forage varieties that are high-yielding, palatable, quick-maturing, and, with moderate regard for drought tolerance and sustainable harvesting practices. These insights are valuable for breeding programs, policymakers, and extension services, as they clarify which traits should be prioritized in developing improved forage options. Future breeding initiatives should aim to select and promote forages that maximize productivity while remaining resilient to climate variability. According to the pastoralist perception ranked Sudan and Panicum were selected first and followed by Rhodes Grass respectively. According to the pastoralist perception criteria for their biomass palatability, drought tolerance and regeneration capacity. Sudan and Panicum showed higher biomass yield quality and performance; therefore, these grasses should be tested in different areas and disseminated to the community by creating awareness about proper management system
A Statistical Approach for Analysis of Trend Pattern of Pigeon Pea in India
No full textAims: This paper deals with the analysis of trend pattern in area, production, and yield of pigeon pea in India.
Study design: Firstly, some well-known statistical models have been fitted to the concerned time series data on pigeon pea, and the trend values have been obtained. Then the accuracy of the concerned fitted models has been tested using various statistical measures. Finally, inferences are made regarding the trend pattern of pigeon pea in India.
Place and Duration of Study: The analysis is carried out using secondary time series data on area, production, and yield of pigeon pea in India pertaining to the period 2001-2023. The time series data have been collected from the records of the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation, and Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW), Govt. of India.
Methodology: The trend values have been computed on fitting well-known statistical models viz., linear model, exponential model, quadratic model, and cubic model. Moreover, the accuracy of the concerned fitted models has been evaluated using various statistical measures viz., coefficient of determination (), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative mean absolute percentage error (RMAPE).
Results: The results of the investigation reveal that the concerned models fitted well for exploring the trend in area, production, and yield of pigeon pea. Moreover, the cubic model is slightly more precise as compared to the other fitted models, and hence it could be utilized for forecasting the scenario of pigeon pea in India.
Conclusion: The findings of the study provide useful insights towards policy formulation regarding enhancement of pigeon pea production for meeting global food demand and nutritional security
A Check List of the Flora of Yanbu Province, Saudi Arabia
No full textThis is the first inventory regarding the study of the floristic composition of Yanbu providence (the study area). Yanbu is located on the western coast of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) along the eastern shore of the Red Sea. The current study aimed to inventory and document the flora of Yanbu province during a field survey conducted between January – march 2025. A total of 50 species belong to 46 genera and 21 families were inventoried. A number of 44 species were Dicotyledonous belong to 18 genera and 18 families while 6 species were monocotyledonous belong to 7 genera and 3 families. The most represented families were Lamiaceae followed by Amaranthaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae and Zygophyllaceae. Herbs comprise the predominant type of growth habit followed by shrubs, trees and vines (twinners) respectively. Sandy soils were the most plant habitat occupied by plant species in the study area, followed by arid area and others habitats. The study enriched the botanical records of Saudi Arabia and offers a baseline for future ecological and conservation research
Effects of Single or Mixed Dietary Supplementation of α-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Growth Performance, Flesh Quality, Digestion Capacity of Golden Trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus)
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary vitamins E (VE) and vitamin C (VC) and the VE+VC mixture on growth performance, gut morphology, feed utilisation in golden trevally. The results indicated that supplementation with vitamins E and C had a significant growth rate of golden trevally. Fish fed a diet supplemented with VE, VC, or a mixture of VE and VC showed significantly reduced size variations compared to fish fed the basal diet. Fish receiving diets supplemented with VE or a combination of VE and VC had a larger perimeter ratio (PR) than those receiving the control diet. Feed intake was reduced in the VE + VC group. Feed conversion ratios reduced significantly in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamins E and C. Dietary vitamin supplementation significantly influences body composition of fish
Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of the AquaCrop Model for Deficit and Surplus Water Management in Hybrid Maize
No full textThe FAO\u27s Land and Water Division created the water-driven model AquaCrop to model how various herbaceous crops\u27 yields would react to water. As a vital component, water has drawn the interest of scholars and decision-makers worldwide. They came to the conclusion that using the AquaCrop model would help with strategic planning by providing precise production projections several months prior to harvest. On a worldwide scale, irrigated agriculture continues to be the primary sector that exploits fresh water. The study aims to conduct a validation and sensitivity analysis of the AquaCrop Model for deficit and surplus water management in hybrid maize. Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, during summer, irrigated with different deficit irrigation treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design, and replicated thrice under sandy clay loam soil. Experiments consisted of seven treatments through drip system based on PE and ETc approach viz., regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) at 80 and 60 percent (T2 to T5), alternate deficit irrigations (ADI) at 80 and 60 per cent (T6 and T7), and conventional drip irrigation (CDI) at IW/CPE of 0.75 (T1) for comparison. The test crop of CO(M)H-6, a maize hybrid, was used. The AquaCrop model simulated and observed grain and biomass yield with water use efficiency (WUE). The validation efficiency of AquaCrop was tested by the statistical measures such as RMSE, NRMSE, BIAS, R2 and index of agreement (d). Sensitivity analysis was performed under deficit conditions by decreasing the irrigation amount by 25, 50 and 75 per cent and surplus conditions by increasing the irrigation amount by 25 and 50 per cent under both rainfall and no rainfall situations. Sensitivity analysis of deficit irrigation revealed that maize yield was reduced in all the water deficit conditions. Surplus irrigation has not had much influence on the maize productivity, irrespective of irrigation practices under rainfall conditions. It is concluded that the AquaCrop model can be used with a high degree of reliability in practical management, strategic planning of the use of water resources for irrigation
Assessment of the Impact of Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Maize Yield in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
No full textMaize (Zea mays) is one of the most significant crops for the Kenyan population. Adoption of soil and water conservation practices on maize offers a solution to curb climate change dangers by enhancing increased crop production and improving soil quality. Despite various interventions to practice improved soil and water conservation technologies (SWCs) in maize production, adoption of these technologies is low resulting to poor output due factors like poor agronomic practices, drought, low soil fertility and low use of soil technology practices. This study therefore aimed at determining how the adoption of soil and water conservation practices as technologies affected the maize yield in Tharaka Nithi County. Cross-sectional research design was used where multistage sampling procedure was applied to select 318 smallholder maize farmers. Data analysis was done using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) which applied logistic regression model for the estimated propensity scores for adopters and non-adopters. The PSM used three matching algorithms (Nearest Neighbor, Radius and Stratification) to match the adopters and non-adopters. The logistic regression model estimates on socio-economic and institutional factors showed significance on age at 5% on mulching, household size at 5% on intercropping, land size at 5% on irrigation, extension services at 1% on crop rotation and group membership at 10% on irrigation that influenced adoption of SWCs. The positive coefficients indicated that an increase in either of the factors increased the adoption of SWCs, land size P-value = 0.002<0.01, P-value = 0.021<0.05 on intercropping and irrigation, respectively and household size P-value = 0.015<0.05 on intercropping. The positive ATT indicated an average increase in maize yield from intercropping and irrigation as soil and water conservation practices (SWCs) at a range between 290 kgs to 375 kgs and 270 kgs to 725 kgs per hectare, respectively. Results showed that intercropping and irrigation led to notable maize gain in yield as key SWCs. There is therefore the need to practice more intercropping and irrigation for increased productivity and food security. Policy makers and extension agents are to encourage campaigns and increase awareness that outline the economic benefits of SWCs adoption and thereafter positively impact crop yield
Influence of Post-emergence Herbicides and Rates on the Growth and Yield of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
No full textEggplant (Solanum melongena) is one of the widely known vegetables of the Solanaceae family, and is derived from the wild African species, Solanum incanum. They were domesticated in Southeast Asia, particularly in Northeast India and Southeast China, more than 2000 years ago. The study aims to influence of post-emergence herbicides and rates on the growth and yield of eggplant in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A field experiment was conducted at Akwa Ibom State University Teaching and Research Farm, Obio Akpa Campus in 2023 to assess the influence of post-emergence herbicides and rates on the growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Obio Akpa. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with split plot arrangement and replicated four times. The main treatments were 2 types of herbicides Starforce 150 EC (fluazifop-P-butyl) and Bentazone-3(1-methlethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide), while the sub-treatments were 4 rates of application (1,2,3 kg a.i/ha and a control plot of no herbicide application). Data were taken on plant height(cm), number of branches, leaf area index, number of fruits per plant, length of fruit per plant(cm), fruit girth(cm), weight of fruits per plant(kg) and fruit yield (t/ha). Bentazone recorded stunted growth and the lowest fruit yield, with more yield reduction as the rate of application was increased, while Starforce showed the best growth and yield attributes. Similarly, application of 2.0 kga.i/ha favoured the growth and yield of eggplant across herbicides. To improve yield in eggplant production, proper selection of post-emergence herbicides should be one of the criteria for effective weed control despite other constraints facing its production. However, the interaction of herbicide type and rates showed Starforce at 2.0 kga.i/ha with the best growth and yield of 15.68t/ha and it is therefore recommended for weed control in eggplant production in the study area
Temporal Variation in Abundance of Microplastics in Prawns (f. Indicus) Caught in Sabaki River Estuary, Kenya
No full textPlastic pollution constitutes planetary crisis which impacts negatively on ecosystems, biodiversity, climate and human health. Although presence of microplastics in prawns is well acknowledged, little has been reported on temporal variability of these contaminants, particularly in prawns caught in tropical estuaries. This study examined seasonal variations of microplastics (MPs) in prawns (F. Indicus) caught in Sabaki estuary in Kenya, during Jan-Mar-dry, Apr-June-wet, July-Oct-dry and Nov-Dec-wet seasons. Microplastics were extracted by digesting prawns’ gut using 10% KOH. Extracted MPs were manually identified and counted using a stereo microscope and, FTIR used to confirm their polymers. The results revealed prawns were contaminated at 47.5 %, 53%, 39%, and 46%, during Jan-Mar-dry, Apr-June-wet, July-Oct-dry and Nov-Dec-wet seasons, respectively. Seasons significantly (P≤0.05) influenced levels of MPs contamination in prawns with the highest level of contamination occurring during the Apr-Jun-wet season. Female prawns were more contaminated than males at 50.3% and 42.5%, respectively. White, blue, transparent and others colored MPs were observed at 68%, 19%, 11% and 2%, respectively, and two types of MPs polymers namely PE and ABS were observed at 27% and 63%. Unearthing of variations of MPs contamination in prawns from Sabaki estuary supports strategies aimed at conservation of prawns, while protecting seafood consumers
Effect of Different Sulphur Sources on Growth and Yield Attributes of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under Dhampur Agro-climatic Conditions
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2024-25 at the Agronomy Research Farm, R.S.M. (P.G.) College, Dhampur, Bijnor (U.P.) to evaluate the effect of various sulphur sources on growth and yield attributes of linseed. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. Results revealed that the foliar spray of nano sulphur (0.5%) at 30 DAS and flowering stage (T₅) recorded the highest values for growth parameters [plant height (71.3 cm), number of leaves (183.1 plant-1), leaf area (52.6 plant-1), number of branches (19.13 plant-1) and yield attributes [number of capsule (37.7 plant-1), number of seed capsule (8.9 capsule-1), test weight (8.1 g)] followed by foliar application of sulphur fertilizer (0.5%) at 30 DAS and flowering stage (T₇). It is concluded that foliar application of nano sulphur at 30 DAS and flowering stage can be recommended for enhancing productivity and profitability of linseed under the agro-climatic conditions of Dhampur