Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International
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The Impact of Farmers\u27 Social Lifestyles on Agricultural Sustainability in Rural Area of Turkey
No full textThis study investigates how farmers\u27 social lifestyles influence agricultural sustainability in rural Turkey. Through data analysis from 312 producers across five provinces, we examine how participation in social activities such as religious gatherings, café meetings, and agricultural fairs shapes farming decisions and sustainability outcomes. Using logistic regression modeling, we find that social network participation significantly impacts agricultural performance and sustainability practices. Results reveal that different types of social engagement lead to distinct patterns of innovation adoption and resource management. Coffee-house and religious gatherings influence not only sales decisions but also agronomic practices, such as adopting new technologies and innovative methods. The lack of female involvement and potential pathways for their integration are also important. This research provides crucial insights for policymakers seeking to leverage existing social networks to promote sustainable agricultural practices in rural communities
Global Marketing of Persian Clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) Accessions Based on Eco-geographical Distribiution
No full textIran is considered one of the important centers of diversity of the Persian clover. In order to introduce the best populations for their marketing and sales, 48 accessions were collected from various parts of country and relationship between geographical distribution with ecological factors were studied. The results showed that the distribution of populations is mainly in the north, northwest and the center of country. Altitude and rainfall are two important environmental factors in the distribution of this species. Also it can grow on a wide range of soils but does better on fertile heavy moist clays. It is suggested that the accessions of Persian clover that are grow and cultivated in the north and northwest of the country are more important in marketing in terms of favorable geographical conditions, which should be considered by marketers
Effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria, Vermiwash and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Yield and Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
No full textThe present investigation was carried out with title ‘Effect of Photosynthetic bacteria, Vermiwash and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on growth, Yield and Quality of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)’ at the Central Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the 2021-22 with a view to identify the effects of different combinations of biofertilizers and organic nutrition and its role in growth, yield and quality of French bean variety Lakshmi. The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications with different combination in Biofertilizers and application of organic nutrition. Under this experiment, overall, 7 treatment was taken T1 (Photosynthetic Bacteria @ 30 ml/ m2 (PSB-1)), T2 (Vermiwash @ 40 ml/ m2 (VW)), T3 (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (30 ml/ m2) (PSB-2)), T4 (PSB-1 + VW (40 each ml/ m2)), T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2)), T6 (PSB-2 + VW (40 ml/ m2)) and T0 (Control). From the above experimental finding it was concluded that the treatment T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) was found to be best in the terms of growth parameters like plant (240.51 cm), plant spread (1984.64 cm2), earliness parameters like days to first flowering (54.33 days), days to 50% flowering (64.67 days), days to first pod setting (59.78 days) and days to first pod picking (67.47 days). T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) was also found best in terms of yield parameters like number of pods per plant (132.33 pods), pod length (13.73 cm), pod width (10.11 mm), individual pod weight (7.99 g), yield per plant (1.04 kg/plant) and yield per hectare (12.53 t/ha) of French bean. Therefore, Treatment combination of biofertilizers T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) can be suggested for better yield achievement in French bean
Mitigation of Salinity-Induced Growth Inhibition of Maize by Seed Priming and Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid
No full textSoil salinity has come to be recognized as a global challenge to the sustainability of farming systems due to its adverse effects on crop quality and production, particularly in coastal regions of the world. Although maize (Zea mays L.), a C4 plant, has the capacity to withstand a medium degree of salinity, maize is vulnerable to salinity stress during its early growth phases. Therefore, in order to develop strategies to improve maize adaptability in saline settings, it is essential to increase our understanding of maize response to salt stress and tolerance mechanisms. According to reports, plants are known to be able to withstand salt stress when phytohormones are applied. Salicylic acid (SA), a widely-used plant hormone, has been shown to increase a plant\u27s ability to withstand salt stress. In order to reduce the growth inhibition of maize caused by salt, the aim of this study was to clarify and assess the potential impact of priming and exogenous administration of salicylic acid (SA). The results revealed that salt stress decreased seed germination, seedling fresh and dry weight, leaf relative water content (RWC), and photosynthetic pigments of maize. Salicylic Acid (SA) treatment increased germination percentage (43-69%), shoot (24-56%) and root length (13-37%), dry weight of shoot and root (35-171%), RWC (34-39%), and chlorophyll contents (12-36%) of maize under salt stress. The findings highlight the need for additional research to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and explore SA\u27s potential mitigating effects in lowering salt stress as well as its potential practical applications in agricultural practices
Abundance and Regeneration Potentials of Trees Species at Ukpon River Forest Reserve, Cross River State, Nigeria
No full textTropical rainforest is continuously declining by timber exploitation, commercial and monoculture plantation. In This study, abundance and regeneration potentials of trees at Ukpon river forest reserve cross River State, Nigeria was assessed using Systematic line transects and purposive sampling techniques for plots demarcation and data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables, charts, frequencies and diversity indices were analyzed using ‘R’ soft wear. 65 tree species in 32 families and 10 genera. Meliaceae, (6) Caesalpiniceae and Moraceae (5) families each were the most abundant families individuals population.). The highest relative frequency (2.256%) and (2.241%) were recorded in Melicia excelsa. Relative dominance (4.970%) was highest in Bianella toxisperma. IVI recorded the highest value (4.970%) in Melicia excelsa . The highest dbh and tree height were (80.5cm) and (68.3m). Shannon wiener index was (5.058), Margelef index (36. 097) and species richness (68). Regeneration potentials seedlings ranged between 0. 22% and 0.01%. However, it is necessary to understand the phenology of the forest reserve, to study whether seeds or fruits produced are adequate, physiological conditions to germinate and growth into wildlings for regeneration purpose
Ecological Zoning of Paratapes undulatus in Estuaries of Da Nang, Vietnam
No full textBivalves play a significant role in providing food for humans. The bivalve, Paratapes undulatus (Born 1778) living in the Da Nang estuary in central Vietnam has been used as a live food for many years. Based on the results of the field survey in 2021-2022, this study has clarified the ecological and environmental properties of the studied area for ecological zoning of the distribution of this species. The results show that the bottom water and sediments in the Da Nang estuaries were suitable for the distribution and development of undulate venus clam. Moreover, the influence of river discharge in the rainy season has limited the distribution of clams in the river and mount areas compared to others. Clams were not found distributed in sandy or muddy areas, they were observed in areas with sand/mud deposits. This article also showed the clam stock in the studied areas however, size of scallops at the time of the study was smaller than the first mature size, so for sustainable exploitation, there should be mandatory policies on the season and harvest size as well
The Impacts of Climatic Variability on the Grain Yield Performance of Open Pollinated Varieties (OPV) of Maize in a Rainforest Location of Nigeria
No full textAims: The objectives of the study were to examine the effects of climatic factors on maize yield and identify best planting date for maize in Rainforest Agroecology of Nigeria.
Study Design: Grain yield of seventeen open pollinated varieties of maize evaluated in 21 randomly selected environments in the Rainforest Agroecology of Nigeria were used for the study. Each field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and 5 m long single-row plots spaced at 0.75 m apart and three seeds were planted 0.5 m apart within the row.
Place and Duration of Study: Grain yield of 17 maize varieties evaluated at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm (7°28\u27N, 4°33\u27E, altitude 224 m above sea level) during the late cropping seasons of 2001, 2005 and early cropping seasons of 2002, 2006 were used for this study.
Methodology: The grain yield and climatic data within the period of evaluation was subjected to Analysis of variance and correlation analysis.
Results: Rainfall alone significantly accounted for over 42 % of the total variation on grain yield across the environments while the combination of two climatic factors revealed significant variation across the combination ranging from over 41 % to 45 % with minimum relative humidity and maximum temperature together having the highest significant variation on grain yield of Maize. There was also highly significant positive correlation between grain yield and total rainfall (r = 0.65**) and minimum relative humidity (r = 0.64**).
Conclusion: Ranking of the twenty-one environments for average grain yield, the most favourable planting date ranged from early April to early May in Rainforest Agro-ecology of Nigeria
Population Studies of Pecari tajacu Collared Peccary (Artiodactyla:Tayassuidae) in Tzucacab, Yucatán, México
No full textAims: To estimate the population density of Pecari tajacu, determine the distribution pattern of this population in the sampling sites, determine habitat preference and evaluate the sustainability of the harvest in the three-year period.
Study Design: Population study of collared peccaries in the wild, descriptive, and vertical in the municipality of Tzucacab, Yucatan, Mexico, during the years 2003-2004, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009.
Methodology: Seven linear transects of 5 km each were installed randomly in the municipality in 2003-2004 and 18 in each year from 2007 to 2009. The population estimate was made by direct sighting and counting of footprints in the same transects. The comparison of densities with the footprints’ counting method was by analysis of variance and t-student for samples paired with the sighting method. The distribution pattern was analyzed by the standardized Morisita index; habitat preference was analyzed by Bonferroni intervals and the harvest model was applied to evaluate sustainability.
Results: Population densities decreased significantly (P < 0.01) by the footprints´ counting method from 2003-04 to 2007-09, from 1.16 to 0.26 animals/km2 respectively, with the sighting method was 1.87 and 1.78 animals/km2, the years 2003-04 and 2007-08 respectively, without significant difference (P = 0.05); In 2008-09 there was only one record. Local populations are distributed by clusters and prefer the acahual habitat between 2008-09. The sighting records and footprints are distributed mainly in the limits of the municipality of Tzucacab with the surroundings and the state of Quintana Roo. Harvest indices are within sustainability values but show a tendency to increase as the years progress.
Conclusion: Local populations of collared peccaries show vulnerability, if the trend of the harvest index increases progressively
Erosion Rate in Post-Coal Mining Reclamation Area in Kutai Kartanegara District, Indonesia
No full textErosion is the transport of parts of the soil from one place to another by natural agent, namely water, and wind. Mining in Indonesia generally uses open-pit mining methods. Generally, open pit mining has a very high erosion rate due to damage to soil aggregation and high interaction with rainwater. This study aims to determine the erosion rate and hazard class in the post-coal mining reclamation area. The research location was in the Jembayan Muarabara Group, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, from February 2021 to May 2021. The erosion rate measurement in this study used the stick method by measuring the erosion rate based on the change in soil surface loss in centimetres (cm) units. Erosion rate data collection is carried out periodically every month. The results showed that the highest erosion was in the Disposal area, namely 558.55 - 1341.94 tons/ha/year, including class V (very high), in the Stock Soil area with an erosion rate of 471.79 - 693.51 tons/ha/year including class IV (high) to class V (very high) and the lowest erosion rate in the reclamation area in 2019, namely 189.51 - 673.88 tons/ha/year including class IV (high) to class V (very high). Factors that affect the magnitude of the erosion rate are land cover vegetation, soil slope, and the soil\u27s physical properties
Soil Fertility Evaluation for Cashew Production at Iyapo Farm Estate, Offa, Kwara State
No full textCashew (Anacardium occidentale L) is an important commodity crop with great potential as a foreign exchange earner. It is grown principally for it nuts and apple and is a hardy crop which is adapted to a wide range of agro-ecologies. The increase in the price of cashew nuts globally, has resulted in increased interest in the cultivation of cashew. The Management of Iyapo farms limited in its desire to key into this sector requested the technical assistance of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) to carry out soil fertility evaluation of the 50 hectares of land proposed for establishment of cashew. The farm was divided into three main sections (A, B and C) based on topography and four land use types (water logged, cassava plot, previously cultivated land and excavated land). Section A was parallel to River Oyun followed by section B in the middle of the farm, while the last section C ran parallel to the road from Ijagbo town. The land use types were scattered within the three blocks. The water logged area was however confined only to section A which was close to river Oyun.
Soil samples were collected at soil depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depth and at a distance of 20 m apart. The soil collected was put in nylon bags and properly labelled. Soil samples collected were air dried, passed through 2 mm sieve and analyzed for some of its physical and chemical properties. In section A, total soil nitrogen at 0-40 cm soil depth ranged between 0.07 g kg-1 to 0.18 g kg-1 with a mean value of 0.11 gkg-1 soil while mean soil available phosphorus at 0-40 cm soil depth was 3.16 mg kg-1 The exchangeable potassium content across 0-40 cm soil depth ranged between 0.09cmol kg-1 to 0.35 cmol kg-1 with a mean value of 0.25 cmolkg-1 and 0.19 cmol kg-1 for 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depth respectively. In section B, nitrogen across the various soil depths ranged between 0.04 gkg-1 to 0.12 gkg-1 with nitrogen content of the soil decreasing with increasing soil depth. This falls below the soil critical level of 1 gkg-1 required for cashew and was grossly inadequate to meet nitrogen need for cashew. There is need for nutrient supplementation as nitrogen fertilizer is required to meet the nitrogen needs of the cashew. Similarly, phosphorus was also inadequate across the soil depths with a range of 2.47 mgkg-1 to 4.51 mgkg-1 across the various soil depth and a mean value of 3.24 mgkg-1 and 2.65 mgkg-1 for 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths respectively. This was below the soil critical value of 3.7 mgkg-1. There is therefore need to apply phosphorus fertilizer to boost cashew productivity.
Soil exchangeable potassium was adequate across the various soil depths with a range of 0.13 to 0.20 cmol kg-1 and a mean value of 0.18 cmol kg-1 and 0.16 cmol kg-1 for 0-20cm and 20-40 cm soil depths respectively. There is no need for potassium fertilizer application. The results above indicated that sections A, B and C requires 180 kg ha-1 of urea and 31.5 kg of Single Super Phosphate (SSP). The cassava plot and previously cropped bare land requires 189 kg ha-1 urea and 9.9 kg ha-1 SSP, while the excavated land requires 194.2 kg urea 25.8 kg SSP and 32.28 kg MOP. Cashew should not be grown on the water-logged section