Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Building Maintenance Deficit: Evidence from Public Polytechnics in South-East, Nigeria
No full textHigher education institutions in Nigeria significantly rely on the adequacy of existing physical facilities as a success factor for indoor space audit, academic rating, certification and carrying capacity. However, there has been a growing concern over the deferred maintenance backlogs in tertiary education institutions in Nigeria due to the stylized notion of maintenance as a cost item rather than investment. This backward-looking perception has contributed to unwholesome maintenance practices leading to inadequate maintenance plan, insufficient maintenance budget, paucity of technical staff, poor integration of information technology, lack of stakeholders’ participation and insecurity. Though there is available literature on the subject, the problems of maintenance have remained and continued to persist. The study examined the challenges of building maintenance in public polytechnics in South-East, Nigeria and attempted to proffer solutions to them. The investigation embarked on physical inspection of the facilities of some polytechnics in South-East, Nigeria. While from a population of 11 polytechnics, samples of 6 were randomly selected and studied covering directors of budget and planning, directors of works and services, heads of maintenance unit of the selected public institutions. Analytical techniques employed was exploratory factor analysis mechanism. The findings of this work show that all the factor groups contribute significantly to building maintenance with average loading of staffing (0.847), data and information management (0.780), maintenance policy (0.807) and technical related issues (0.849). The study recommends a maintenance framework that will positively integrate all the group factors to enhance building efficiency in public polytechnics in Nigeria
Constructivist Learning Environment, Critical Thinking Motivation, Self-Directed Learning Readiness, a Structural Equation Model on Students’ Engagement
No full textAims: The aim of this study is to examine the most suitable model for student engagement using constructivist learning environment, critical thinking motivation, and self-directed learning readiness as exogenous variables and student engagement as endogenous variables.
Study Design: The study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at public secondary schools in Region XI, Philippines during school year 2023-2024.
Methodology: The study’s respondents were Grade 7 students from public secondary schools selected using Raosoft. A four-part questionnaire was employed to collect the data. All items in each indicator received a high Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, indicating excellent internal consistency and reliability, suggesting that the instruments are highly reliable.
Results: Results revealed that three out of four variables indicated a high level, while one variable showed very high level. Constructivist learning environment, critical thinking motivation, and self-directed learning readiness yielded significant relationship with student engagement as the endogenous variable. This indicates that students have freedom in their own learning and are determined to succeed. They actively engage in activities that develop their skills and apply what they have learned to real life situations. Out of the three models analyzed, Model 3 exhibited indices that aligned that aligned with the criteria for selecting the most appropriate model, which suggests’ that the goodness of fit measures are highly acceptable.
Conclusion: The study shows specific indicators have peaked, but activities that enhance student engagement can lead to further improvement. Teachers are encouraged to adopt reflective teaching methods to promote intellectual development and enhance students\u27 learning experiences. Incorporating hands-on activities, such as think-pair-share, inquiry-based learning, problem-solving, and cooperative learning, is also recommended. Promote critical thinking by providing students with activities that stimulate their thinking, such as debates, critical reading, role-playing, and making predictions, to further develop their problem-solving skills. Sustain self-directed learning readiness by giving continuous activities that expand their minds and positive perspectives should be encouraged
Assessing Rainfall Trends and Change Points in Owerri, Nigeria: Implications of Climate Change
No full textThis study aims to analyze long-term rainfall trends and change points in Owerri, Nigeria, to understand climate change impacts on local precipitation patterns. The study utilized daily annual maximum series (AMS) rainfall data spanning 31 years (1992-2022). The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) model was employed to downscale the time series data into durations ranging from 5 minutes to 24 hours. The choice of IMD is based on availability in literature. Mann-Kendall (MK) trend and Sen\u27s Slope Estimator (SSE) tests revealed a statistically insignificant decreasing trend across all durations. The Sen\u27s Slope magnitude ranged from -0.0679 mm/year for 5-minute duration to -0.4474 mm/year for 24-hour duration, corresponding to a variation rate of -4.474 mm/decade for the 24-hour duration. While the trends in rainfall patterns are decreasing, they lack statistical significance, the. Also, trend change-point analysis, utilizing Distribution-free CUSUM and Sequential Mann-Kendall tests, identified 2013 and 2017 as potential change points in the rainfall pattern. These findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring to inform urban planning and water resource management in a climate-sensitive region
The Impact of Gender-inclusive Practices on Solid Waste Management in Household Economic
No full textEffective solid waste management is vital for sustainable development, influencing environmental quality, public health, and economic stability. However, the sector faces challenges such as inefficient collection, inadequate disposal, limited job opportunities, and gender inequality. This study examines the impact of gender-inclusive practices and employment on the efficiency and effectiveness of solid waste management, focusing on household economic outcomes. Conducted across three metropolitan Nigerian cities—Osogbo, Ilorin, and Ibadan—the study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Field surveys, stakeholder consultations, and a structured questionnaire were employed to gather primary data from 122 respondents, selected through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data analysis revealed that 59% of respondents reported positive impacts of gender-inclusive practices on waste management efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, gender-based employment showed significant economic benefits for households, with 20.5% of waste collectors reporting positive economic impacts. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated statistically significant improvements in efficiency and effectiveness metrics for gender-inclusive practices, with efficiency rates reaching 85% and effectiveness rates at 80% among groups implementing these practices (F = 6.2, p = 0.01). Recyclers showed the highest rate of gender-inclusive policy adoption (50%), contributing to improved operational outcomes. Qualitative insights from stakeholder consultations highlighted the importance of training and equal access to decision-making roles, particularly for female waste workers, who made up 51.6% of the sample. Many respondents noted that gender inclusion improved job satisfaction, community engagement, and work consistency. The study concludes that gender-inclusive practices enhance both operational performance and household economic stability, underscoring the need for targeted policies that support gender equality in the waste management sector. The findings contribute to the literature on gender equity in waste management and offer practical recommendations for policymakers aiming to foster sustainable, inclusive practices
Effect of Restraint Stress and Cadmium Chloride Administration on Cerebral Antioxidants in Female Wistar Rats
No full textCadmium is a toxic heavy metal which promotes oxidative stress in various organs including the brain. Restraint stress is a model of stress which involves physical constraint to induce homeostatic imbalance. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of restraint stress and cadmium toxicity on cerebral antioxidants in female Wistar rats. 24 female Wistar rats (180-220g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each): Control (CTL), Restraint stress alone (RSS), Cadmium alone (CCC), Cadmium + Restraint stress (RSC). The experimental groups were subjected to cadmium chloride 100mg/kg b.w. orally and restraint stress for 30 minutes using wire mesh. 24 hours post last cadmium administration and restraint stress exposure, all animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed. The brain was excised, homogenized and analyzed for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde). Results showed that there was significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase in cadmium alone and restraint stress alone groups when compared to control. In the restraint stress alone and cadmium alone groups, cerebral catalase was significantly (p˂0.05) decreased when compared to Control. Additionally, a marked (p˂0.05) decrease in catalase activity was observed in cadmium + restraint group when compared to restraint stress alone and Cadmium alone groups. Furthermore, cadmium exposure led to a notable (p˂0.05) decrease in cerebral glutathione peroxidase when compared to control. The combined exposure to cadmium and restraint stress significantly (p˂0.05) decreased cerebral glutathione peroxidase when compared to restraint stress and Cadmium alone groups. In the cadmium alone group, there was a pronounced (p<0.05) increase in Malondialdehyde when compared to the control group. In conclusion, this present study have shown that combined exposure to cadmium and restraint stress increased free radical production and significantly decreased antioxidant system indicating that combined mechanism of both factors adversely induced neurological damage
Exploring the Role of Accounting Information in Managing Nigeria\u27s Foreign Exchange and Inflation
No full textThis research aims to explore how accounting information affects economic factors\u27 management, concentrating on the foreign exchange rate and the inflationary pressure of Nigeria. Based on previous works, data, and information systems are highlighted as the key sources of information used for decision-making, policy interventions, and the mitigation of the effects of economic instability and volatility on growth. Cross-sectional research design and a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to gather data from Dangote Group representatives cut from different departments. The study reveals a significant positive correlation between the use of accounting information and management of exchange rate volatility and mitigation of inflationary pressure. Attendees of the workshop by and large come to the agreement that accounting information is a vital element for enhancing transparency, accountability, and decision-making effectiveness. The research provides evidence of the value of training programs, technological innovation, network formation, policy provisions, and regular monitoring to fully exploit the potential of accounting information for economic management. The findings presented here are prospective in the sense that they will help policymakers, regulators, businesses, and investors to use accounting information more effectively, and hence promote both economic stability and sustainability in Nigeria. As a whole, we can say that this survey provides a basis for growing the field of accounting information and uncovering its impact on economic challenges and resiliency in dynamic economic contexts
Proliferation of AI Tools: A Multifaceted Evaluation of User Perceptions and Emerging Trend
No full textThe rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, epitomized by tools like ChatGPT, Claude, Bard, Copilot, and Copy AI, has significantly reshaped various professional landscapes. This study aimed to assess the impact of these AI tools on professional performance, job dynamics, and societal perceptions. Amidst their benefits in enhancing efficiency and introducing novel capabilities, these tools also pose challenges concerning job displacement, ethical implications, and societal balance. Data from 1623 professionals across diverse industries were analyzed to assess AI tool utilization, functionality, user satisfaction, and perceived impacts. The results indicate that AI tools substantially enhance professional efficiency and are vital in diverse tasks including data analysis and decision-making. However, they also significantly affect traditional job roles, underscoring the urgency for workforce adaptation and skill development. Notably, the study unveils a generational gap in AI adoption, with younger users showing higher engagement compared to older cohorts, suggesting a digital divide. The study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of AI tool impacts across multiple professions, highlighting ethical and societal challenges. Concerns about AI-induced job displacement, privacy, and ethical use were evident, calling for responsible AI integration. The study advocate for targeted reskilling programs to equip the workforce for an AI-driven future and ethical guidelines to ensure AI tools\u27 responsible development and use. This research contributes to the understanding of AI’s role in modern professional settings and offers strategic insights for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders. Emphasizing a balanced approach, the study urges for AI deployment that maximizes benefits while addressing potential risks and societal concerns
Unveiling the Essence of ‘Doctorateness’ in Ph.D. Mentorship: Navigating the Humanity amidst Academic Pursuits in Academia
No full textThe paper explores the tension between humanizing and dehumanizing aspects of doctoral education ("doctorateness") in Ph.D. mentorship programs. It calls for a shift towards a more humane approach that prioritizes integrity, ethics, and the well-rounded development of doctoral candidates. Universities traditionally aim to bridge knowledge gaps and foster ethical research, but a failure to do so can lead to a dehumanized doctoral experience. Scholars emphasize the need for universities to cultivate humane environments that nurture innovative solutions through quality doctoral mentorship. This approach equips graduates with the technical and emotional intelligence needed to tackle global challenges. The true essence of "doctorateness" lies in a humanized process that fosters research, innovation, and capacity building. Quality doctoral graduates embody humanizing attributes and go beyond mere technical proficiency process. However, the current focus on quantity often results in graduates lacking the skills and humanity sought by employers. Universities must address these gaps by developing programs that train postgraduates in a humane environment. The root cause of graduate unemployment lies not in the number of graduates, but in the lack of quality, integrity, and humanizing elements embedded in doctorateness programs. An exploration of "doctorateness" within supervision processes highlights deficiencies in program approval, supervisor allocation, and the lack of robust monitoring mechanisms. The current landscape falls short of ideals that prioritize a humane and transformative doctoral experience. The paper proposes steps to cultivate a more humane doctoral mentorship environment: Integrate humanizing aspects into doctoral program approval, prioritize supervisor consultation for manageable workloads, provide comprehensive training for new supervisors, Implement ongoing monitoring and evaluation throughout the doctoral journey. By adopting these recommendations, universities can foster a doctoral mentorship environment that balances academic rigor with the holistic development of scholars, navigating the humanity inherent in academia
Strengthening Industry-academia Collaboration for Improved Fashion Education
No full textThis study explores the perspectives of fashion professionals on enhancing fashion education. Through semi-structured interviews with industry experts, insights were gathered regarding the alignment between the skills taught in fashion education programmes and the skills demanded by the industry. The study employed the qualitative design and thematic analysis. It involved seven participants. The methodology employed in this study ensured a personal and in-depth understanding of Ghanaian fashion professionals\u27 perspectives. Additionally, the strengths and weaknesses of the current fashion education system were examined, along with key recommendations for improving the curriculum. The Industry-Academia Collaboration Theory served as the theoretical framework, emphasising the importance of collaboration between educational institutions and the fashion industry. The, the results revealed that while the current system excels in nurturing creativity, design skills, and cultural appreciation, there is need for a more industry-relevant curriculum that focuses on the integration of practical and technical skills, an emphasis on business and entrepreneurship education, and the establishment of stronger industry partnerships and internship programmes. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in the fashion education sector to enhance the educational experience and better prepare students for successful careers in the fashion industry
Quality of Water and Air in Artisanally Refined Crude Oil-impacted Communities in Ekeremor, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
No full textThe practice of artisanal refining of crude oil remains rampant within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with consequent pollution and destruction of the environment as well as exposure of the human population to various pollutants known to cause health problems. It was thus necessary to conduct this study to assess the quality of water and air in communities where artisanal refining of crude oil is carried out in Ekeremor, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. This was a comparative cross-sectional study that was conducted in Peretorugbene community in Ekeremor Local Government Area of Bayelsa state. Water samples from five points (L1-L5) in the study site and one control site (LX were obtained and assessed. Also, air quality assessments were conducted and results were comparatively assessed for significant differences between test and control sites. Results revealed that the water samples from the third sampling site (L3) had the highest levels of chromium of 0.100±0.055, while the first sampling site (L1) had the highest levels of lead of 5.225±0.687. Heavy metals’ concentrations from the water samples obtained from the artisanal refining sites significantly differed from the concentration of the samples from the non-artisanal refining site (p-value: 0.006 [for chromium], p-value: <0.001 [for lead]). Assessment of the concentration of noxious gases in the air at these two differing sites revealed that the carbon monoxide (3.110±0.160), nitrogen oxides (2.870±0.212), and sulfur oxides (2.557±0.105) from the first sampling site (L1) were the highest, and carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides concentration at the non-artisanal refining site was significantly lower from the concentrations at all the artisanal refining sites (p-value: <0.001). Also, the turbidity, temperature, and salinity of the water samples exceeded the allowable standard limits, alongside the lead, cadmium and mercury levels. In this study, it was thus concluded that the turbidity, temperature, and salinity of the water samples exceeded the allowable standard limits, while the conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water samples were below the acceptable standards. Also, the assessed air quality parameters were found to exceed the laid down allowable limits. It was recommended that stakeholders at the federal level of government should strengthen and enforce regulations specifically targeting artisanal refining activities in order to control and monitor their environmental impact