Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Study Based Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) Agriculture: A Review
No full textThe world is dynamic in nature as Agriculture remains the backbone of human existence. Human being surely depends on agriculture for existence and the way agriculture is carried out keep on changing from traditional to modern method. Presently, machines are being used to carry out almost all agricultural activities. The most recently introduced method in agriculture and other related fields is the used of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is recently introduced in the field of agriculture because of its wide use and importance related to our daily life. The problems faced by farmers are enormous which include, low output, soil treatment, diseases and pest management couple with big data requirements, and many others. AI is applied in agriculture in four (4) dimension ways, in crop management, weed management, disease management and soil management. This application helps to manage the cost effectiveness, accuracy and high performance in a more efficient and better ways. The paper makes a review on the application of AI in the field of agriculture for more productivity in the present teeming population. The benefits, dangers and solutions to Artificial Intelligence created problems were suggested. Automated farm machinery like driverless tractors, smart irrigation, fertilization systems, IoT-powered agricultural drones, smart spraying, vertical farming software, and AI-based greenhouse robots for harvesting are just some examples. Compared with any human farm worker, AI-driven tools are far more efficient and accurate
Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Phenolic Profiles in Propolis from N. Macedonian Regions
No full textAims/Objective: Propolis, a resinous substance collected by bees from plants, is an exceptionally complex mixture whose quality is influenced by the surrounding flora, geography, and climate. It has been used medicinally for centuries and is currently utilized in natural foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to measure the physical parameters and total phenolic content of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP). The study also involved a step-by-step approach to ensure maximum extraction efficiency. The experimental design incorporates detailed procedures for freezing, micronization, and filtration, which ensure the precision and reproducibility of the results. The study\u27s use of standardized techniques, such as the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay for the determination of total phenolic content, further validates the accuracy of the findings.
Study Design: Comparative experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Between April and July 2024, suitable ethanolic propolis extracts (4% and 10%) were prepared from raw propolis collected from two different regions (Pelagonia and Polog).
Methodology: Physical parameters such as solubility, conductivity and yield were analyzed in these extracts. Two subsequent extractions, each with two replicates, were performed on the same samples to obtain initial insights into achieving the highest yield from a given amount of propolis. The total phenolic content in the EEP was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, with results expressed as mg GAE/g.
Results: Conductivity, yield, and solubility measurements varied across Pelagonia (42 ppm, 17.42%, high solubility) and Polog (33 ppm, 15.38%, lower solubility) propolis extracts, reflecting diverse chemical profiles influenced by geographical factors. Regional analysis of propolis from Pelagonia and Polog regions revealed significant differences in total phenolic content, with Pelagonia extracts showing higher values (189 mg GAE/g) compared to Polog (172 mg GAE/g). Statistical tests confirmed these differences as significant (p < 0.05), underscoring the impact of geographic origin on propolis composition.
Conclusions: Variations in bioactive content in propolis are influenced by geographical origin, botanical sources, and extraction methods. Standardized extraction protocols and further research are crucial for optimizing its medicinal potential and utilizing insoluble propolis solids
Non-medical Application of Bacteria in Dyeing Textile
No full textAims: to revisited new method of producing dyes which is safer for the human health using new unusual source of natural based dyes produce by live cell of bacteria which is engineered biotechnologically.
Discussion: due to the importance of textile to human life and along with the post modern era, textile products play a vital role in meeting not just man’s basic needs, but far beyond. Textile dyeing process need certain dye to make it looks better, comfortable and give certain self-confident to their user. Unfortunately, classic synthetic dyes use for a traditional dyeing techniques. These substances are known to be toxic and can cause various health issues. Hence, biotechnology improvement in using dye from bioengineered bacteria offer a breakthrough in a safer and eco-friendly textile industry. The challenges include the lack of awareness due to not much knowledge about this breakthrough and moreover how to push this approach, which is currently still on a limited lab scale, into a massive and widespread industrial existence.
Conclusion: Environmental and health issues regarding the use of conventional dyes leading to increased awareness of good practice of textile industry. Biotechnology offers alternative approach of safer and responsible dyeing with genetically engineered bacteria. This become the most recent achievement in textile industry. This approach is promising, but still needs a lot of effort from all stakeholder to push it from only limited laboratory scale onto a more massive industrial scale
Photogrammetric Based Analysis of Facial and Nasal Indices: A Cross-sectional Study among the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria
No full textBackground: Facial and nasal indices have great value in forensic identification and all specialty concerns with the treatment of the face. The study aims to evaluate the facial and nasal index of the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria.
Methods: 300 (150 males and 150 females) subjects of Igbo origin volunteered for the study. Each subject\u27s frontal and profile view photographs were taken in the Natural Head Position and analyzed using Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 to evaluate the facial width, facial height, nasal width, and nasal height. Facial and nasal indices were calculated and used to obtain the facial, and nasal types. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS (version 25).
Results: The study showed that the mean values of the facial and nasal indices for females were 70.35±6.61 and 105.48±12.97 while males had 68.47±6.04, and 86.21±10.82 respectively. 96.2% and 94.7% of males and females have hyperleptoprosopic facial type; platyrrhine type of nose was dominant in both sexes. There was a significant sex difference in the facial index (P =0.048), nasal index (P=0.0001), facial type (P=0.022), and nasal type (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: The sex variations observed in facial index, nasal index, and facial and nasal types among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria would serve as a reference to clinical anatomists and forensic anthropologists
Corporate Governance and Firm Profitability: A Study of Ghana\u27s Banking Sector
No full textCorporate performance stands out as one of the most crucial research considerations in the field of financial management. The elements that have significant impacts on the assessment of such performance can be segregated into two categories, namely micro and macro factors. Organization must therefore consider the benefits accrued, as well as the interests of investors who seek to gain from the capital they invest in the organization since an enterprise can be deemed alluring based not only on its capacity to generate profits, but also on its capability to sustain and augment profits. Adhering to principles and practices of corporate governance constitutes a crucial catalyst for enhancing organizational efficiency and achieving success and therefore this study seeks to examine the moderating effect of financial leverage could have on the correlation that exists between corporate governance and the financial performance of commercial banks in Ghana. The study employed a panel regression models to estimate and ascertain the primary and moderating influences of financial leverage. Results revealed a negative relationship between board size and firm size with profitability (ROA). However, the negative correlation between board size and ROA is significant, while that of firm size is insignificant. Additionally, it is evident that there is a positive and significant relationship between liquidity and profitability in the short term. This study recommends that it would be prudent for the various commercial banks in the country to implement quality corporate governance practices in order to fully realize the benefits associated with good corporate governance practices
Public Health Expenditure and Gross State Domestic Product in India: A Regression Analysis
No full textSpending on health is essential to increase labour productivity and people\u27s life expectancy. But, the individual ability to make necessary health expenditure is inadequate in low-income and developing nations like India. In this regard, the current study aims to investigate the causal relationship between public health spending and per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), as well as the GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) ratio, with a focus on a few chosen states of India (such as Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal). The states have been chosen to represent the nation, while secondary data on public health spending and GSDP has been gathered from the EPW Research Foundation. OLS (Ordinary Least Square) is used in conjunction with a linear regression model to analyse the data. To determine the increasing trend of public health expenditures, trend analysis also been conducted. The findings showed that there is an inverse association between the nation\u27s health spending and both the per capita GSDP and ratio of GSDP. This suggests that public health spending is influenced by a variety of other factors as well. The paper\u27s conclusion suggested placing greater focus on certain measures that assist low-income or impoverished families with regard to medical expenses
Assessment of the Practice of Bioethics Education in a Tertiary Institution of Nigeria
No full textBackground/Aim: Bioethics examines the ethical problems that arise from advancements in biology and medicine, focusing on moral considerations related to healthcare policies and practices. The aim of this study was to assess the practice of Bioethics education in a tertiary institution in a state in Southern Nigeria, in order to foster the implementation of bioethical education in tertiary level.
Methodology: Focus group dialogues were conducted with fifth-year medical students, along with a key informant interview involving a department head. The data were analyzed following Creswell\u27s six-step approach to qualitative analysis.
Results: Nine respondents were recruited for this study. In the course of data analysis, the following themes were identified: Integration, Teaching Methods, Evaluations, Significance, Personal Development, and Recommendations.
Discussion: The respondents all had a good knowledge on Bioethics and stated that practical sessions will be more useful than just class lectures. An earlier onset of Bioethical education before the start of clinical postings was also proffered.
Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of bioethics was high in this study and the study participants had positive attitude towards its education. Despite this, a lot has to be done to enhance its coverage and impact on the lives of students and educators. Each code obtained will help to foster medical ethics education for all institutions. In addition, further studies can be conducted on measures to help students internalize ethical issues
Enhancing Literacy Competencies in Grade 3 Pupils: A Comparative Study of Contextualized Digital Strategic Intervention Materials (CDSIM) Delivery Modalities
No full textAims: To assess the effectiveness of CDSIM in enhancing the literacy competencies of Grade 3 pupils.
Study Design: The study used a quasi-experimental pre and post-test design to evaluate the literacy levels and reading scores of the pupils before and after using the intervention materials.
Place and Duration of Study: Tulay Elementary School, Ibaan District, Division of Batangas, between February to October 2023.
Methodology: The study involves three phases in identifying the effectiveness of using CDSIM using the online and offline modalities: literacy profiling, utilization of CDSIM, and evaluation of effectiveness. Seventeen Grade 3 pupils purposively selected utilized the online LMS version of the materials and the same number of pupils who were randomly selected used the offline slide decks intervention modality.
Results: Most of the Grade 3 pupils can read simple stories with 4 to 5 sentences fluently with comprehension in both delivery modalities after using the intervention materials. Also, the pupils improved their literacy scores in the posttest from an average score of 24.35 to 28.59 in the online modality and from 21.47 to 25.59 mean scores in the classroom-based modality. There was a significant difference between the literacy levels of pupils who used the LMS home-based modality before (M=4.11; SD=1.32) and after using CDSIM (M=4.76; SD=0.83); (t (16) = -2.52; P=.02). There was a significant difference between the literacy scores of pupils who used the LMS home-based modality before (M=24.35; SD=7.57) and after using CDSIM (M=28.59; SD=5.70); (t (16) = -3.30; P=.00). There was no significant difference between the literacy levels of Grade 3 pupils after using CDSIM under the home-based modality (M=4.47; SD=0.87) and after using slide decks classroom-based modality (M=4.76; SD=0.83); (t (32) = -1.00; P = .32).
Conclusion: The story level literacy of the Grade 3 pupils before the intervention improved to the story comprehension level after utilization of CDSIM. The differences between the literacy levels and reading scores of pupils before and after using CDSIM separately in the two intervention delivery modalities were significant, indicating that CDSIM is an effective material for literacy enhancement. Although there was no significant difference between the pupils\u27 literacy performance levels in the two delivery modalities, both modalities can be used to positively affect reading performance
Analysis of Jambal Roti Product Development, Case Study at the Original Jambal Roti Kiosk "SR" Pangandaran
No full textPangandaran Regency is a leading salted fish production center in Indonesia, with jambal roti salted fish as a superior product that uses manyung fish as raw material. This study aims to analyze the development of jambal roti products by SR MSMEs in Pangandaran. Qualitative data analysis methods with two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through observation, while secondary data was obtained from literature studies and documentation. The results show that the product development strategy is carried out by applying the technology of storage machines or Chest Freezers, the use of vacuum machines and sealers for packing products, developing packaging innovations, and developing marketing techniques carried out online
Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Leap towards a Diversified Economy and Technological Innovation
No full textSaudi Arabia’s Vision is an ambitious blueprint designed to transform the nation by diversifying its economy, enriching its society, and maximizing its potential. This strategic initiative harnesses cutting-edge technology, forward-thinking policies, and significant societal changes to ensure sustainable growth and global connectivity. The paper explores the intricate elements of the Vision, highlighting the critical roles of digital infrastructure, artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and educational advancements. It analyzes how these components work together to promote economic diversification, cultural development, and social well-being. The paper also examines the challenges of implementing these comprehensive reforms and discusses effective strategies to overcome them, using specific case studies and international comparisons. It concludes with strategic recommendations to sustain momentum and achieve the Vision’s ambitious goals, offering insights not only for Saudi Arabia but for other nations pursuing similar paths