Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Optimizing Emergency Response: Strategies Studies for Enhancing Hospital Management for Traffic Accident Victims
No full textBackground and Objectives: Traffic accidents are a major issue in Indonesia, requiring urgent attention, especially in terms of response time and accuracy in emergency care. With the high frequency of accidents each year, hospitals need to be equipped to provide prompt, high-quality treatment. This study aims to examine hospital management strategies in improving emergency response for traffic accident victims using a mixed-methods approach.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted across databases like Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar using keywords such as \u27Emergency Response Time, System Administration Complexity, Human Resource Limitations, and Inter-Unit Coordination. Seventeen relevant articles were identified.
Results: The study found that the average emergency response time was 7.3 minutes, exceeding the ideal 5-minute standard. Major factors contributing to delays included administrative system complexity (43%), human resource limitations (27%), and poor inter-unit coordination (30%). Challenges such as incomplete integration of the hospital information management system, high workload, especially during night shifts, and limited trauma-specific facilities were also identified. While triage processes met standards, bottlenecks in administration and support unit coordination caused delays. Emergency department staff demonstrated good competency (8.2/10), but the high nurse-to-patient ratio (1:8) impacted service quality. The survival rate for moderate to severe trauma cases was 89%, with better outcomes for patients treated within the golden hour.
Conclusion: Traffic accidents remain a critical concern in Indonesia, requiring improved emergency response systems. Hospitals must address issues in human resources, equipment, and coordination to enhance the speed and quality of emergency care, ultimately improving patient survival outcomes
The Impact of Nursing Staffing Levels on Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review with Implications for Healthcare Policy and Practice
No full textNursing staffing levels play a critical role in shaping patient outcomes across healthcare settings. This review synthesizes literature to explore the relationship between nursing staffing and patient safety, satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Specific improvements associated with adequate staffing include reduced infection rates, lower mortality, and shorter recovery times. The review focuses on healthcare settings such as hospitals and long-term care facilities within regions like North America and Europe, providing a comprehensive understanding of global staffing practices. Key factors influencing staffing levels include financial constraints, regulatory requirements, and hospital policies. Evidence-based staffing guidelines, such as nurse-to-patient ratios and skill-mix models, and increased funding are identified as essential strategies for mitigating adverse events and enhancing patient care quality. Policy recommendations emphasize the adoption of safe staffing standards and targeted investments to support nursing workforce sustainability. Future research should investigate the effects of staffing on diverse patient populations and evaluate innovative staffing models to address the dynamic needs of healthcare systems
Portal Cavernoma in Children: Rare Pathology with Complex Management about 3 Cases
No full textWe report 03 cases of portal cavernoma hospitalized in pediatric department. Through these observations, we will try to describe the different clinical and biological aspects and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches through a literature review. Somatic examination revealed a distended abdomen and hepatosplenomegaly, presence of collateral venous circulation. The diagnostic approach to portal cavernoma in children is based on careful clinical examination, including identification of symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatomegaly and signs of liver disease. The biological work-up showed bicytopenia (microcytic hypochromic anaemia with thrombocytopenia) with a normal blood and liver count. The long-term course of portal cavernoma in children depends on various factors, such as the presence of complications, response to treatment and medical and surgical management. The prognosis is generally better in children who receive regular medical follow-up and appropriate treatment in the event of complications
The Imperative Status of Science Reporting on Environmental Sustainability in Rivers State
No full textEnvironmental sustainability and overall growth of Rivers State, a state that, over the years, has been plagued with oil spillage and redundant environmental growth. This study, amongst others, sought to ascertain the place of environmental reporting on environmental sustainability in Rivers State. The study was anchored on the contagion theories. The study adopted a quantitative research method, which was the survey research method using the data instrument of a questionnaire. The population of the study was Rivers State, Nigeria. The researcher purposefully and randomly selected three communities from the three senatorial zones/districts in the state, which are the River East, River South East, and the River West, which were Okrika local government and Ogu Community; Eleme local government and Alesa Community; Abua local government and Otari Community. From a population of approximately over 1,204,980, the researcher, using purposive and simple random sampling techniques, selected participants for the study, and the Wimmer and Dominick Sample Calculator arrived at a sample size of 384. It was revealed that the level of effectiveness of environmental reporting in creating awareness towards the practice of environmental sustainability in Rivers State is not really that paramount, as locals in the communities were of the view that these reportage strategies have yielded little or no results and were indecisive with regards to their potency towards driving the much-needed changes and proactive actions in the quest for environmental sustainability in the area. It recommended that promotion of environmental sustainability in Rivers State should not be an on-and-off practice but a regular and intensive lifestyle amongst the locals, government, and organisations operational in the areas
Small-scale Farmers’ Information Needs and Sources for Improved Oil Palm Production in Kigoma-Ujiji Municipal Council, Tanzania
No full textInformation is an important resource for empowerment of the rural communities. Oil palm small-scale farmers in many countries including Tanzania, need agricultural information for improving agricultural production. Through different sources of agricultural information, oil palm small-scale farmers acquire useful knowledge to alleviate agricultural production challenges. Though many countries including Tanzania have agricultural information infrastructures, still oil palm small-scale farmers do not obtain enough agricultural information. This study was conducted in year 2024, and aimed to determine small-scale farmers’ information needs and sources for improved oil palm production in Kigoma-Ujiji Municipal Council, Tanzania. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, 120 randomly selected oil palm small-scale farmers from the following three wards were interviewed: Kagera, Businde, and Kibirizi. Checklists of questions were used in conducting key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 software. Chi-square analysis helped to find the level of association between the information needs and areas of residence at 5 percent significant level. The study found that, majority (95.0%) of the oil palm small-scale farmers needed information on markets and prices, 67.5 percent sourced information from friends and fellow farmers, and 35.0 percent shared information through facial interaction. Chi-square analysis found positive significance with information on weather and climate (X2=11.862: p=0.003), new technologies (X2=11.854: p=0.000), and pests and diseases control (X2=11.381: p=0.003). The study concluded that, a large proportion (above 70%) of the oil palm small-scale farmers needed agricultural information. Information needs, their sources, and means of sharing information were recommended so as to increase oil palm production
Emotional Intelligence Competencies Relevant to Construction Workers\u27 Safety Management in the Ghanaian Construction Industry: A Case Study of Abuakwa South Municipality, Ghana
No full textThe study was conducted to investigate the competencies of emotional intelligence most relevant to construction workers’ safety management in the Ghanaian construction industry, specifically focusing on the Abuakwa South Municipality. Despite the recognized importance of emotional intelligence in enhancing interpersonal relationships and conflict resolution in project environments, its specific influence on construction workers\u27 safety behaviors has not been extensively studied. To address this gap, the study adopted the quantitative research method. A closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to 143 respondents, including architects, quantity surveyors, civil engineers, project managers, contractors, and site supervisors. The data collection yielded a 74% response rate, and responses were analyzed using SPSS to compute Cronbach\u27s alpha and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that construction personnel within the municipality are relatively well-read, this improves their capacity to comprehend and implement emotional intelligence principles in their safety practices on the construction site. Also, the study concluded that the Key components of emotional intelligence such as self-awareness, self-regulation/ management, social awareness/ empathy, social skills/ relationship management, motivation, and job satisfaction are vital for construction workers’ effectiveness in their safety management on sites underlining it as an important asset in managing safety in the Ghanaian construction industry. The study recommends further research into the effect of construction workers’ emotional intelligence on safety management in the Ghanaian construction industry, also research into the specific emotional intelligence competencies that most significantly affect safety management across different contexts within the construction industry
The Functions of Actors in the Tahtay Adyabo District of Tigray, Ethiopia\u27s Small Ruminant Value Chain
No full textEven with the fact that Ethiopia in general and Tahtay adyabo district is characterized by populated livestock, actors’ coordination are weak. The aim of the study was to see the function of actors in small ruminant value chain. Primary data were collected from a randomly selected 138 producers, 5 butchers, 6 large traders, 12 small traders, 8 collectors, 11 consumers and 7 hotels/restaurants interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire and from key informant interview. The major actors in the district were small ruminant producers, input suppliers, farmers, collectors, small traders, large traders, butchers hotels/restaurants, and consumers. The main supporters of the small ruminant value chain in the study area are Office of Agricultural and Rural Development, Office of Trade and Industry, District Administrations, Dedebit Saving and Credit Institution, Shire- Maitsebri Agricultural Research Center and Non-Governmental Organization. The result showed that 58.7%, 67.4% and 45.7% of sample respondents have got veterinary services, market information and taking credit respectively. There are weak parallel linkage among small ruminant producers and shortage of perpendicular relation of small ruminant farmers to the supplementary market actors. Therefore, there should be an intervention on establishing small ruminant producer cooperatives, discuss with stockholders about most important marketing problems, find general solutions and creating market relationship between small ruminant farmers and supplementary actors
Detection of Plasmid-mediated qnr Genes among the Quinolone Resistant Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
No full textAims: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the qnr genes among S. typhi isolated from stool of patients with suspected typhoid fever, in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2022 and November 2023.
Methodology: Stool samples of patients with suspected typhoid fever were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of stool, microscopic observations and culture analysis, Salmonella typhi was isolated, antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out, and the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection of qnr genes including qnrA, qnrB and qnrS was done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system.
Results: Out of 150 isolates, 13 (8.7%) were positive for S. typhi. Antibiotic resistance among the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: imipenems (100.0%), cefuroxime (100.0%), cefotaxime (100.0%), nalidixic acid (92.3%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (84.6%), ceftriaxone/sulbactam (84.6%), ciprofloxacin (84.6%), gentamicin (76.9%), levofloxacin (46.2%) and ofloxacin (46.2%). The most common antibiotic resistant phenotype was AUG- CTX-IMP-OFX-CN-NA-CXM-CRO-CIP-LBC at 30.4%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 100% (13/13) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 1.0 (30.8%), 0.7 (23.5%), 0.8 (23.1%) and 0.9 (15.4%). The only positive PMQR genes were qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr with percentage occurrence of 50.0% respectively
Conclusion: The S. typhi isolates showed lower resistance to ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin, and all isolates were MAR, with resistance to 10 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, qnrS resistance gene was the most common gene expressed
Factors Related to Premature Canities; A Cross-sectional Study in Lagos State, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Canities, or graying or whitening hair, is a natural part of aging caused by reduced melanin production. Premature canities occur in humans or animals at a young age, with factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental influences contributing. The study aims to evaluate the relationship between ABO Blood type, rhesus Factor, Genotype, Lifestyle, and Premature canities.
Methods: 259 respondents were involved and a cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to generate data. The respondents were selected using a multi-stage random sampling techniques and data collection was via descriptive questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.
Results: A study of 259 participants found no significant association between premature canities and ABO blood type, rhesus, and genotype while lifestyle factors like smoking, and alcohol intake showed an association. Canities were found in various head regions, with no differences between sexes. Smoking and alcohol intake were more common in males. Depression was negatively associated with non-premature and premature canities. Nutrition intake was similar, but high carbohydrate and vegetable consumption was found to be statistically different.
Conclusion: No association between ABO blood type, rhesus factor, genotype with premature canities, and lifestyle (alcohol intake and smoking) showed possible association with premature canities. 
Petroleum Products Pricing and Price Stability in Nigeria: An ARDL Investigation
No full textThis study employed the Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) technique to investigate the effect of petroleum products pricing on price level in Nigeria over the period 1990 – 2022. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, data on inflation rate, price of premium motor spirit, price of automotive gas oil, price of household kerosene, price of compressed natural gas and price of crude oil were sourced from secondary source. The results of our analysis revealed that: in the long run, prices of Premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas retarded inflation level marginally while prices of automotive gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and crude oil spurred general price level marginally. Prices of premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas fueled inflation in the short run significantly while prices of automotive gas oil and crude retarded general price level. Price of dual-purpose kerosene had mixed but significant effect on price level. The study also found that a long run nexus existed between petroleum product prices and price level in Nigeria. Petroleum product prices had serious implications on the Nigeria’s economy in the short run than long run. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended Increase investment in the downstream petroleum sector and strengthening existing policies in the oil and gas sector as possible measures towards stabilizing price level in Nigeria