Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
Not a member yet
1254 research outputs found
Sort by
Mistletoe: A Multidisciplinary Review of Its Ecological, Economic, and Emerging Industrial Applications, Including Water Purification
No full textMistletoe, a semi-parasitic plant, has long been recognized for its therapeutic uses, particularly in alternative medicine, where it is believed to have anticancer and immune-boosting properties. Beyond its medicinal value, mistletoe plays a critical ecological role in supporting biodiversity, providing habitat and food sources for various species. This paper investigates emerging industrial applications, such as its use in sustainable agriculture, bio-pesticides, the development of ecofriendly products and the production of a purified water. It examines the potential industrial applications of mistletoe-based water purification systems, including their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. Through a disciplinary approach, this paper aims to highlight mistletoe\u27s potential as a valuable resource exploring the economic benefits of mistletoe, including its medicinal properties, ecological role, and benefits in water purification, including its commercial uses, market trends, and cultural impacts advocating for its greater recognition and integration into water purification strategies
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Balancing Innovation with Privacy, Fairness, and Accountability
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming societies through its capacity to drive innovation, optimise decision-making, and enhance productivity across diverse sectors. However, the rapid deployment of AI systems raises complex ethical questions that extend beyond technical performance. This review critically examines the ethics of artificial intelligence with emphasis on three central pillars: privacy, fairness, and accountability. AI technologies often rely on vast datasets that risk infringing on individual privacy when mismanaged, necessitating robust frameworks for data governance and consent. Equally pressing is the issue of fairness, as algorithmic bias can perpetuate systemic inequalities and undermine social justice. This concern is particularly acute in sensitive domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice, where biased outputs can have life-altering consequences. Accountability also emerges as a central challenge, as the diffusion of responsibility between developers, organisations, and users creates ambiguity regarding who should be held responsible for harms caused by AI systems. Addressing these ethical dimensions requires an integrated approach that blends technological safeguards with regulatory oversight and societal engagement. The paper explores strategies such as explainable AI, impact assessments, and participatory design as pathways to align innovation with ethical responsibility. Ultimately, the balance between harnessing AI’s transformative potential and safeguarding fundamental rights hinges on continuous dialogue among stakeholders—governments, industry, academia, and civil society. By fostering ethical resilience in AI governance, societies can ensure that innovation does not compromise human dignity, equity, or trust. This work underscores the importance of proactive, interdisciplinary measures to guide the ethical trajectory of AI as it becomes an indispensable part of everyday life
Chemical and Functional Properties of Chin-Chin from Wheat, Soybean and Millet Flour Blends
No full textDetermining the proximate, functional, and antinutritional characteristics of chinchin produced with soybean and millet flour was the aim of the study. The proximate, functional, and antinutritional qualities of flour samples made from different millet and soybean flours were examined after they were mixed with wheat flour to make biscuits using established procedure. For the production of chin chins, millet and soybean flours were utilized to replace 25% and 50% of the wheat flour, respectively, while 100% wheat flour served as a control. Determining the proximate, functional, and antinutritional characteristics of chnchin produced with soybean and millet flour was the aim of the study. The biscuits had a proximate composition of 7.22 percent to 10.90 percent protein, 23.68 percent to 26.30 percent fat, 1.03 to 3.03 percent crude fiber, 2.63 to 3.83 percent ash, 50.08 to 57.22 percent carbohydrates, and 5.02 to 8.07 percent moisture. The phytate, tannin, and oxalate concentrations of the chin chin samples were 39.88–50.96 mg/100g, 1.03%–4.83 mg/100g, and 20.09–28.95 mg/100g, respectively, in that order. The flour\u27s functional characteristics revealed that it had an oil absorption capacity of 12.01 to 2.50 g/100g, a water absorption capacity of 11.97 to 2.32 g/100g, and the least gelaton concentration of 5 to 10 g. Soybean and millet flours can be substituted for wheat flour to boost the nutritious content of chin chin. The nutritional value of chin chin prepared with millet and soybean flours was higher than that of chin chin manufactured with 100 % wheat flour
Management of Calcium Hydroxide Extrusion Complication in a Mandibular Molar: A Case Report
No full textCalcium hydroxide is a commonly used intracanal medicament in endodontics due to its antimicrobial properties, ability to induce hard tissue formation, and role in controlling inflammation within the root canal system. Typically applied as a temporary dressing prior to permanent obturation, non-setting Calcium hydroxide paste is often delivered through a pressure syringe system for ease of placement. However, inadvertent over-extrusion of calcium hydroxide beyond the apex can result in severe inflammatory reactions, including pain, swelling, soft tissue blanching, and tissue necrosis, occasionally resembling Nicolau syndrome.
This report presents a 38-year-old female patient who developed severe pain, intraoral and extraoral swelling, and reduced mouth opening and mastication, following an attempted root canal treatment of the left mandibular first molar in a private dental clinic. Clinical evaluation revealed positive percussion of the involved tooth, gingival inflammation, blanching of adjacent soft tissues, and tender submandibular glands. Radiographic evaluation showed radiopaque material extruded beyond the apical region, consistent with overextension of Calcium hydroxide medicament.
The patient was managed through a structured, systematic approach involving careful canal debridement, systematic irrigation, antimicrobial therapy, and anti-inflammatory medicaments including Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) and Dexamethasone. Following these interventions, the extruded material gradually resorbed, as observed radiographically, and the patient’s symptoms-including pain, swelling, and difficulty in function resolved completely.
This case highlights the potential complications of calcium hydroxide extrusion during root canal therapy and underscores the importance of precise medicament placement. Clinicians should remain vigilant for signs of medicament-induced tissue injury and adopt a careful, stepwise approach to prevent and manage such complications
Mathematical Model Equations of Biochemical Reaction in Tomato Plants Defense Mechanism
No full textThe advancement in technology and smart Agriculture, is a multifaceted tussle involving the use of technology and scientific investment in strategies of improving production for commercial benefit and also to combat food security. Mathematicians are not left behind, but equally involved in theoretical analysis using modeling. Practical laboratory experiments and actual experimental procedures, measurements and continued modification of genetic materials, are expensive, time consuming and delicate endeavors that can be complimented if not supplemented by mathematical modeling and simulation, which is gaining prominence due to shorter simulation time, accuracy and ability to incorporate multiple parameters and variables. In this research study, biochemical reaction in plants as a defensive mechanism, is studied. The objective was to formulate a mathematical model describing defense mechanism biochemical reactions This was achieved by modeling enzyme-substrate transduction pathways, and forming differential equations using Michaelis-Menten Kinetic Reaction scheme. This research found a system of eight linear ordinary differential equations which describes fully the reaction fronts involved in plant defense mechanism induced by Potassium Phosphite elicitor.
Model equations were formulated using differential equations, and simulation using SIMBIOLOGY showed that the use of Potassium Phosphite elicitor induced a chain of complex reactions of enzymes and substrates to produce defense mechanism compounds; viz pathogenic related proteins, phytoalexins, and defense genes which inhibited pathogenic attack, restrained fungal spread and reduced susceptibility of plant to viral and bacterial diseases. Simulated results showed that tolerance to Bacterial, Fungal and Viral infection was seen to be significantly high in treated plants as compared to untreated plants. Treated tomato plants were less susceptible to insect herbivory and infection, with susceptibility rate of, as compared to untreated plants susceptible at. It was also found that the yield of treated plants increased by, as compared to untreated healthy crops. Reduced susceptibility, less fungal infection, and reduced herbivory collectively indicate improved tolerance of treated plants, and consequent increase in yield. This is a contribution of mathematical modeling to mitigating food security challenge
Comparative Effects of Double Root Coffee and African Walnut on Sexual Behaviour and Semen Parameters in Male Wistar Rats
No full textThis experimental study evaluated the effects of double root coffee (Coffea species) and African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) on sex drive and semen profile in adult male Wistar rats. Ten rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 2 per group): Group A (control), Group B (coffee), Group C (walnut), Group D (low-dose combination), and Group E (high-dose combination). Treatment lasted four weeks. Parameters assessed included body weight, relative testes weight, semen profile (sperm motility, count, and morphology), and sexual behavior (sniffing and mounting frequencies). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results showed no significant differences in relative testes weight across groups, while Group E recorded a significant reduction in body weight compared to control. Sperm motility and sperm count were significantly increased in Groups B–E compared to control (p = 0.001), whereas sperm morphology showed no significant changes. Sexual behavior analysis revealed significantly higher sniffing frequency in Groups B (11.33 ± 1.33; p = 0.001), C (9.67 ± 0.88; p = 0.003), D (13.00 ± 1.00; p = 0.001), and E (12.67 ± 1.20; p = 0.001) relative to control (4.00 ± 0.58). Mounting frequency also increased significantly in Groups B (9.67 ± 0.88; p = 0.001), C (10.53 ± 0.88; p = 0.005), D (12.00 ± 1.15; p = 0.001), and E (12.00 ± 1.15; p = 0.001) compared to control (5.00 ± 0.57).
In conclusion, double root coffee and African walnut, alone or in combination, improved sperm motility, sperm count, and sexual behavior in male Wistar rats, with combination groups showing the greatest enhancements. However, sperm morphology and relative testes weight remained unaffected. Given the very small sample size (n = 2 per group), these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further studies with larger cohorts, hormonal assays, and longer treatment duration are required to validate these preliminary results and clarify their clinical relevance
Implementing an SMS-Controlled Smart Home Automation System with a GSM Network
No full textThis work presents the design and implementation of a GSM network-based home automation system for efficient monitoring and control of household appliances such as bulbs and fans. The motivation for this project stems from the growing need for remote and reliable home power management, especially in environments where physical presence is not always possible or convenient. The system was developed using a microcontroller, GSM module, power supply unit, and driver circuitry, with SMS commands serving as the communication interface. A key feature is the introduction of a 10-second delay mechanism after the first SMS to ensure smooth execution of subsequent commands. Experimental evaluation showed that the system achieved an average switching response time of approximately 10 seconds, with a reliability of over 95% in command delivery and execution. The results demonstrate that the system is practical, cost-effective, and suitable for residential and small-scale office applications, contributing to energy management and enhanced convenience in home automation
Global Standards in Vocational Education: Compliance on Ethical Standards in Vocational Sectors Aligned to Globalization
No full textThis study aims to analyse the hegemony of global standards in vocational education, particularly within the Fishing Vessel Nautical Expertise Program at State Vocational School 5, Balikpapan. The globalisation of the maritime and fisheries sector has compelled vocational institutions to align their curricula and learning practices with international frameworks such as the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F). Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight teachers and ten students, participant observations of classroom and field learning activities, and an analysis of five key curriculum and policy documents. Data were analysed using the interactive model of data analysis and interpreted through the lens of Gramsci’s hegemony theory and Teacher Agency Theory to understand how global standards are negotiated at the local level. The findings reveal that the STCW-F standards significantly shape the school’s curriculum structure, learning orientation, and competency certification system, positioning global regulations as a dominant reference point. However, the study also uncovers adaptive strategies by teachers and students, who integrate local maritime knowledge and contextual practices to address facility limitations and economic barriers. One key finding shows that collaborative partnerships with local fishing industries serve as an effective mechanism for balancing international requirements with local capacities. These results demonstrate that the hegemony of global standards operates not merely through compliance but through negotiated adaptation, offering both opportunities for quality enhancement and challenges in maintaining contextual relevance. The study contributes to the development of more responsive and sustainable policies in maritime vocational education
Social Media Integration and Adoption Antecedents in Government and Non-Government Organizations of Coastal Bangladesh: A TOE Framework Perspective
No full textAims: To examine how social media is integrated into the communication strategy and structures of government and non-government organizations in coastal Bangladesh and to identify factors that influenced this adoption for disaster management within the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework. This will contribute to disaster communication literature by empirically testing the applicability of the TOE framework and assist practitioners of disaster management in designing more targeted interventions in disaster-prone coastal districts of Bangladesh.
Place and Duration of Study: Paikgasa Upazila under Khulna district and Assasuni Upazila, Satkhira district, Bangladesh. Data were collected in March 2025.
Methodology: A mixed-method approach was adopted in this study. Quantitative data were collected from a total of 30 organizations, which include nine government, seven local government, and 14 NGOs, using a bounded near-census. To improve and validate quantitative results, qualitative data were collected through 15 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) from five government organizations, four local governments, and six NGOs. The respondents were selected purposively. Quantitative Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) bootstrapping, and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. A mixed-method research approach could quantify the relationship between the TOE factors and social adoption, while qualitative data could give a deeper explanation of contextual factors. PLS-SEM is suitable for theory building in small, medium, and non-normal data, while qualitative analysis could answer why and how the organizations adopt social media.
Results: The study found 97% of organizations used Facebook for disaster communication, particularly during preparedness and response phases. However, only 8% have a separate social media communication strategy, and 25% use project-based approaches. Insufficient technological access, misinformation, and limited staff expertise are the barriers to fully institutionalized social media. According to the TOE framework, only the technological factors like access to technological infrastructure (smartphone) and skilled staff showed a statistically significant impact on social media adoption (β = 0.495, p = .012) by the organizations. Environmental factors showed a positive but non-significant impact (β = 0.265, p = .201) while organizational factors had no meaningful impact (β = 0.015, p = .941). Qualitative data ensured that technological readiness, youth engagement, and supportive policies influenced social media adoption, while organizational structure, e.g., bureaucratic inertia, hierarchical decision-making, and resource constraints, acted as challenges regarding this adoption. The findings extend the TOE framework by revealing that in the setting where resource constraints existed, technology-led diffusion can precede and later shape organizational and environmental adaptation, which indicates a sequential rather than balanced influence among the three dimensions.
Conclusion: This study extended the TOE frameworks by identifying that in the resource-constrained disaster context, instead of balanced influence, the TOE factors are sequential, where technological readiness is the primary driver. In this context, organizational and environmental factors become later. In coastal Bangladesh, social media adoption by governmental and non-governmental organizations remains technology-driven; however, it’s not fully institutionalized yet. To make the use of social media effective in the long run, organizations should stop using it in a random way. Instead, they should make it part of their official communication plans, train their staff to use it well, and create systems to fight misinformation. However, this study was conducted only in two coastal upazilas and sample was small near-census, future research should test the model with larger samples across diverse hazard settings
Assessment of the Automotive Technology Program’s Compliance with Waste Management Procedures of Mariano Marcos State University
No full textThis study assessed the level of compliance of the Automotive Technology Program of Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU-CIT) with established waste management procedures. The objective was to evaluate current practices and identify gaps to support the development of enhanced waste management guidelines aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production.
Study Design: A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed to measure the degree of compliance across major components of waste management.
The study was conducted at the College of Industrial Technology, Mariano Marcos State University, during the first semester of Academic Year 2024–2025.
Data was gathered through a validated survey questionnaire administered to 30 respondents composed of faculty, staff, and laboratory personnel. Weighted mean and composite mean were used to determine the level of compliance.
Findings revealed that the Automotive Technology Program achieved an overall weighted mean of 2.95, indicating partial compliance with institutional and environmental standards. Among the key indicators, compliance ranged from 2.63 to 3.20, reflecting inconsistencies in waste segregation, hazardous waste handling, and documentation. The mean score for waste segregation and disposal (2.97) suggested efforts toward proper waste management but also highlighted areas needing improvement, particularly in labeling, bin organization, and staff training.
The study concludes that the current waste management practices of MMSU-CIT are moderately implemented but require systematic enhancement to achieve full compliance. The proposed Enhanced Waste Management Guidelines are recommended for adoption to strengthen institutional policies, curriculum integration, and environmental awareness. Looking forward, these guidelines may serve as a replicable model for other academic and technical institutions seeking to improve sustainability and environmental compliance.
The study recommends the development and institutionalization of enhanced waste management guidelines that are valid, implementable, and aligned with both academic and industrial standards. These guidelines should be integrated into the curriculum and operational policies to strengthen environmental education, promote responsible waste practices, and foster a culture of sustainability among faculty and students. By aligning institutional waste management systems with global best practices, the university can contribute to advancing responsible consumption and production, consistent with the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12)