Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Influence of School Infrastructural Development on Teaching and Learning Process towards Enhancing Students` Academic Performance in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of infrastructural development on teaching and learning process towards enhancing secondary school students’ academic performance in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions in which one of the research question was that, does school building have any influence on teaching and learning process towards enhancing secondary school students’ academic performance in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria? The design used in the study was descriptive survey research design. The population for this study was approximately 1,500 teachers from all the state-owned secondary schools in Olorunda Local Government Area. The study used a sample size of 150 which was 10% of the entire population of the study and employed a simple random sampling technique. The instrument used in the study was questionnaire. Using Cronbach Alpha, a reliability coefficient value of 0.88 was obtained. The study used the mean and standard deviation to respond to the two research questions formulated in the study. The finding of the study revealed that school building has a significant influence towards enhancing students’ academic performance. Also, the study found out that library facilities have a significant influence towards enhancing students` academic performance. The study concluded that office for staff, reading room for students, dining hall for students, classrooms space for teaching students, common rooms for teachers, halls for exams, classroom management, and teaching in a multicultural setting influences secondary school students` academic performance. The implication of the study is that if government continues to fail in providing building and library facilities to schools, the academic performance of learners will continue to drop. The study recommended that Osun State government should ensure that adequate classrooms are built in all the secondary schools in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
E- Evaluating the Challenges and Outcomes of E-Monep Policy Implementation in North Gorontalo\u27s Regional Secretariat Regency
No full textThis study aims to analyze the implementation of the e-Monep policy at the Regional Secretariat of North Gorontalo Regency. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, where data is collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that the implementation of e-Monep faces significant challenges, primarily related to the competence and discipline of operators in data inputting. Indiscipline and delays in data input hamper the achievement of set targets, even though this system has been implemented since 2021 by the regulation of Gorontalo Governor Regulation Number 29 of 2020. In addition, the organizational dimension, interpretation, and implementation of e-Monep policies still face obstacles, especially in less effective supervision and socialization. Nevertheless, e-Monep has the potential to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in regional development management if supported by competent human resources and firm leadership. In conclusion, the successful implementation of e-Monep depends on the active role of operators, a good understanding of the policy, strict supervision, and improvements in the socialization and training system for all relevant parties
Incidental Extraluminal Leiomyosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
No full textIntroduction: Non-urothelial malignancies in the bladder are rare. Leiomyosarcoma has been recognized as the most common mesenchymal tumor, accounting for less than 0.1% of primary bladder tumors. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma mostly relies on histopathological analysis and specific immunohistochemical markers, as clinical and imaging findings are typically inadequate.
Case Report: We here describe the case of a 56-year-old female who presented with diffuse pain in the lower abdomen during micturition for one week. Whole body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging findings identified a faintly FDG-avid lesion in the anterior pelvic region raising the suspicion of a mesenteric mass. She underwent exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a 4x3 cm mass originating from the fundus of the bladder (extraluminal) with adhesions to the sigmoid colon. Histopathological examination of the resected mass confirmed it as a high-grade sarcoma of the urinary bladder with necrotic areas and high mitotic activity. The surrounding cuff of bladder tissue revealed no evidence of malignancy. The immunohistochemistry report results were positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and caldesmon supporting the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma urinary bladder.
Conclusion: This case underscores the rarity and diagnostic challenges associated with extraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the bladder. There is a need to consider leiomyosarcoma as differential diagnosis of atypical bladder masses highlighting the importance of a tailored, multidisciplinary approach, addressing the potential for recurrence, and improving patient outcomes. Continued reporting of cases and collaborative research efforts are essential to advance our understanding of this rare malignancy
The Effects of Monetary and Grade Points Rewards on Student Motivation in Collaborative Learning: An Experimental Analysis
No full textMotivation is a critical component of educational outcomes; however, the effectiveness of various reward systems in promoting motivation remains under debate. This study investigated whether monetary or grade-point rewards are more effective in enhancing student motivation within a collaborative learning context. A true experimental design, utilizing a between-subject group, was employed with 40 undergraduate students randomly assigned to either a monetary reward group or a grade points reward group. Participants engaged in an "act-it-out" game, and their motivation levels were measured using validated questionnaires assessing engagement, perceived value, effort, intrinsic interest, and collaboration. Results showed that participants in the grade points reward condition reported significantly higher motivation scores (M = 4.51, SD = 0.340) than those in the monetary reward condition (M = 3.78, SD = 0.661). An independent-sample t-test confirmed a significant difference (U (38.0) = 54.0, p = <.001, rrb = 0.730). The findings indicate that cultural factors, particularly the collectivist emphasis on academic achievement in the Philippines, shape preferences for grade-based rewards, which align with long-term academic goals, over monetary rewards. Future studies should explore non-monetary incentives in diverse cultural and institutional contexts and address limitations by implementing controls for extraneous and confounding variables
Comparing Silent and Oral Reading: Their Impact on College Students\u27 Reading Comprehension
No full textThis study investigates the effects of silent and oral reading styles on comprehension outcomes among college students, addressing a gap in understanding how these methods influenced learning in academic contexts. Employing a quasi-experimental research design, 40 students college students, aged 18-25, were randomly between the two groups, suggesting that silent and oral reading methods were equally effective. The effect size (rank biserial correlation = 0.155) indicated a small relationship. The Shapiro-Wilk test (W = 0.943, p = 0.043) revealed non-normal data distribution. These findings suggest that educators could strategically employ both methods to accommodate diverse student needs, contributing to effective multimodal reading strategies that enhance comprehension and learning. However, the study\u27s limitations include the use of quota sampling, a small sample size, and the potential influence of extraneous and confounding variables, which may affect the generalizability of the findings
A Case Report on the Impact of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions from Sawmills on the Health of Sawmill Workers in Osisioma Nngwa, Abia State, Nigeria
No full textSawmill workers are exposed to wood dust, which may cause skin irritation, allergy, and respiratory symptoms including asthma. This study investigates the concentration level of air pollutants in two major saw mills in Osisioma L.G.A in Abia state, Nigeria. Comprehensive air quality measurements were conducted using Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor, BLATN air quality monitor (model BR—Smart Series) and Air quality multimeter (model B SIDE EET100) focusing on key pollutants such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, methane, ozone, photochemical smog, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Results revealed elevated concentrations of several pollutants, with particulate matter significantly exceeding permissible limits. At Timber Plaza, PM2.5 levels reached 70.0 mg/m³ and PM10 levels increased to 130.0 mg/m³ in the working hours, both far above the regulatory limits of 0.25 mg/m³ and 0.50 mg/m³ respectively. Similarly, at Uratta Timber Market, PM2.5 concentrations were as high as 60.0 mg/m³, and PM10 levels reached 120.0 mg/m³ in some locations. Health impact assessments conducted through questionnaires among sawmill workers revealed a high prevalence of respiratory problems, including shortness of breath, frequent coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, throat irritation, and nasal congestion. For instance, in Uratta Timber Market, 23 (92%) out of 25 respondents experienced shortness of breath, with 64% reporting it occurring \u27often\u27 or \u27sometimes\u27. Similar patterns were observed in Timber Plaza, where 22 (88%) of the respondents reported shortness of breath. Majority of respondents reported a perceived impact of poor air quality on their health, with frequent visits to doctors and reliance on medication for respiratory issues. The findings show the urgent need for implementing effective dust control measures, regular air quality monitoring, and health surveillance programs to mitigate the adverse effects on workers’ health
Technical and Economic Evaluation of Mechanised Canoe Puller for Small-Scale Fishery in Ghana
No full textThe small-scale fishing industry in Ghana pulls canoes manually upon arrival from fishing. Such activity has been identified as tedious, labour demanding and time-consuming among fishing activities. The study aimed to compare a canoe\u27s manual and mechanised pulling. To compare the methods, the heart rate (HR) of two (2) fishermen trained to operate the developed canoe puller machine also involved in manual pulling during manual and mechanised pulling methods through the same distance while the time used was recorded. A polar heart rate (MP430) watch was used to measure the HR of the fishermen. A cost analysis was done for each operation. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were done using GenStat software (VSN International, 2011). Means were obtained using the least significant difference (LSD). Statistical significance was carried out at p<0.05. The mean heart rates during manual and mechanised pulling were 123.15 and 103.10 bpm, respectively. The energy expenditure required for manual was 786.27 W and mechanised was 558.50 W. The mean time used during manual pulling through a distance of 130 m was 21.5 min while 8.4 min was recorded for mechanising. Mechanised pulling reduces labour costs by 64% and time reduction by 43.8%. Again, it has been observed that using mechanise canoe pulling reduces the costs of pulling by 84.40 % as compared to manual pulling
Average Rainfall Trend in Northern Samar, Philippines during 2010 to 2019
No full textRainfall is one of the most crucial elements in the climatic cycle that could significantly affect mostly the sustainability of our ecosystems, agriculture, human activity, and livelihood. This study focused on the analysis of the average rainfall trend in Northern Samar, Philippines 2010 to 2019. The researcher collected the data through the PAG ASA Catarman Northern Samar after which the annual average rainfall and monthly rainfall was analyzed. Results showed that the rainy months with higher average rainfall recorded were during the months of September, October, November, December, January, February, and March with 206.754 mm, 302.154 mm, 416.618 mm, 823.539 mm, 691.73 mm, 284.11 mm, and 409.71 mm, respectively. June and July were also found to have an average rainfall of 216.2 mm and 259.75 mm. A scatter plot was also used to graph the trend of the rainfall in the province
Examining the Level of Awareness of Health Issues Associated to the Exposure of Sawmill Dust among Sawmill Workers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
No full textThe present study examines the level of awareness of health issues associated to the exposure of sawmill dust among sawmill workers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The timber sawing industry in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, plays a vital role in the economy by supplying raw materials for various sectors, including construction, furniture production, and paper manufacturing. However, sawmill workers face significant occupational hazards, including exposure to wood dust, noise, chemicals, and ergonomic risks, which pose serious health threats. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3) aims to prevent needless suffering from preventable diseases and premature death by focusing on key targets that boost the health of a country’s overall population. Regions with the highest burden of disease and neglected population groups and regions are priority areas. SDG 3 also calls for deeper investments in research and development, health financing and health risk reduction and management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, to assess occupational hazards and safety management practices among sawmill workers in Akwa Ibom State. A sample of 384 workers from 12 sawmills across three senatorial districts was surveyed, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and on-site observations. The findings revealed that a majority of workers (73.9%) were aware of safety guidelines, but adherence to these practices was low. Workers were exposed to various hazards, including wood dust (24.5%), noise (34.4%), and chemical agents (44.3%). Additionally, ergonomic risks such as heavy lifting (24%) and repetitive movements (27.9%) were prevalent. The study highlights the urgent need for improved health education, safety training, and stricter enforcement of safety protocols to mitigate occupational risks and enhance the well-being of sawmill workers in Akwa Ibom State
STEM Education and 21st Century Skills in Crisis: A Case Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
No full textThe COVID19 pandemic has been the focus of scientific research since it first appeared. This article treats the pandemic as an everyday problem that required innovative solutions in a short period of time, and so a case study is carried out in this direction. As the focus of 21st century skills and STEM education is on problem solving, the contribution of both skills and STEM disciplines to the way out of the crisis is posited. Skills such as communication, cooperation, adaptability, leadership, critical thinking, etc. have each contributed in their own way to solving the problems that have arisen. On the other hand, STEM professionals have been working in the same direction, both in their individual fields and through an interdisciplinary approach, to gradually de-escalate the crisis. Challenges such as finding vaccines and drugs, caring for patients in a time of social isolation, reducing misinformation and reducing vaccine hesitancy were overcome by using appropriate 21st century skills and an interdisciplinary approach. The study was conducted between November 2024 and March 2025 using the PRISMA analysis methodology. The main conclusion of the study is that 21st century skills and STEM professionals contributed to the management of the crisis and also to its exit