Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Evaluation of Implementation of the Policy on the Prevention, Eradication, Abuse, and Illicit Drug Trafficking (Shine) in Realizing a Drug-Free Society in Gorontalo City, Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to analyze the implementation of the Prevention, Eradication, Abuse, and Illicit Trafficking of Narcotics (PEAIDT) policy in Gorontalo City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, and data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed that policy implementation has covered aspects of prevention, eradication, rehabilitation, and supervision of illicit drug trafficking. However, it faces structural barriers such as limited resources, weak cross-sector coordination, and socio-cultural resistance. The policy’s success is determined by six determinant factors: policy standards, resource availability, characteristics of the implementing organization, implementing attitudes, inter-organizational communication, and the external environment. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need for a collaborative, participatory, and contextual approach to policy implementation, as well as strengthening institutional capacity and actively involving the community. This research contributes significantly to formulating evidence-based policy strategies that are adaptive to local dynamics in drug eradication efforts in Gorontalo City
Assessing Occupational Health Hazards in Traditional Agricultural Practices: A Study among Rural Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria
No full textThis study aims to assess occupational health hazards among rural farmers engaged in traditional agricultural practices in Cross River State, Nigeria. With agriculture being a vital aspect of rural livelihoods in the state, assessing the occupational health risks faced by farmers is crucial for promoting their well-being and productivity. The key objective of the study is to identify, categorize, and analysed the types and prevalence of occupational health hazards encountered by rural farmers in traditional agricultural settings. This study is highly significant to the rural farmers as it will aid in identifying the specific health risks they face in their daily farming activities and create awareness about safe agricultural practices. The mixed-methods research design was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through structured surveys and in-depth interviews conducted among a representative sample of rural farmers across six local government areas in Cross River State, which included; Akpabuyo, Biase, Yakurr, Etung, Ogoja and Obanliku LGAs. The survey questionnaire and interview guide were designed to capture information on the types of agricultural activities practiced, perceived health hazards, and associated risk factors. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including frequency distributions, chi-square tests, and thematic analysis of qualitative data. The findings indicated that the major types of agricultural activities in the sampled local government areas were crop cultivation, livestock rearing, poultry farming, fisheries/aquaculture and agroforestry. The study result also revealed a wide range of occupational health hazards among rural farmers, including pesticide exposure, ergonomic strains, and respiratory illnesses. These hazards were found to have significant implications for farmers\u27 health, livelihoods, and productivity. In conclusion, the study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy measures to mitigate occupational health risks among rural farmers in Cross River State. Recommendations include implementing safety training programs, providing access to personal protective equipment, and strengthening healthcare services in rural areas
Estimating the Effects of Interventions in Multivariate Time Series Settings
No full textThis article addresses the methodological challenge of estimating the causal effects of interventions in time series settings where multiple interrelated outcomes may be present. Many real-world applications involve multiple correlated indicators or outcomes—for instance, economic variables reflecting different but interdependent aspects of economic performance, or various epidemiological measures tracking health outcomes. This study reviewed classical univariate factor models (FA) and highlighted their strengths and limitations in isolating intervention impacts under potentially confounded environments. Subsequently, we explore multivariate extensions Factor Analysis (MVFA) that employ shared and outcome-specific latent factors to handle correlations across multiple time series. Building on recent developments, we discuss the Causal ARIMA (C-ARIMA) framework which integrates ARIMA-based structures with potential-outcomes theory, and the Bayesian Multivariate Factor Analysis approach that leverages shrinkage priors and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference for robust estimation of counterfactual trajectories. Simulation evidence and practical considerations suggest these methods can outperform simpler alternatives (e.g., traditional regression or difference-in-differences) when data exhibit hidden confounders, time-varying shocks, or small sample sizes. Overall, the article provides a consolidated view of modern techniques for intervention analysis in complex time series, emphasizing both theoretical motivations and applied utility
Bridging Social and Structural Factors in Addressing Firearm Mortality: A PMESII-informed Approach
No full textThis study investigates the social and infrastructural determinants of firearm violence in the United States through a PMESII-informed analytical framework. Drawing from open-access national datasets, including CDC WISQARS, the American Community Survey, County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, and the CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index, the research analyzes data from 2,914 U.S. counties. Employing multivariate linear regression, principal component analysis with clustering, and interaction term modeling, the study evaluates how systemic variables contribute to firearm homicide rates. The findings highlight that higher educational attainment (β = -0.176, p < .001) and stricter gun laws (β = -0.045, p < .001) are the most significant protective factors. Furthermore, infrastructural strength measured through healthcare access, housing quality, digital connectivity, and civic support shows a strong inverse correlation with firearm mortality. Notably, a compounded risk effect (β = 3.303, p < .001) emerges in counties with both high social vulnerability and weak infrastructure, underscoring the need for integrated interventions. The study advocates for targeted policy reforms that strengthen educational equity, enforce robust firearm regulations, and expand infrastructure in high-risk areas. These findings emphasize the critical importance of multi-dimensional, data-driven strategies in mitigating gun violence and offer an actionable framework for researchers, policymakers, and urban planners addressing public safety through systemic resilience
Sustaining Educator Well-being: A Statistical Analysis of Fitness Trends in Public Schools
No full textThe physical fitness of public school teachers plays a crucial role in maintaining their overall well-being, job satisfaction, and productivity, factors that ultimately affect educational quality. Hence, research on fitness trends among teachers provides insights into potential health challenges in the profession and informs policies to support educators’ health, yet this area remains relatively underexplored compared to other professional groups. This study employed a quantitative research design, particularly descriptive and comparative approaches. In collecting the data, the respondents were 152 randomly selected public school teachers in the Municipality of Antique and used a binary scale to determine the Physical fitness trends of the teachers. In analysing the data, frequency count, percentages, rank, and the chi-square test were used. The findings showed that male teachers tend to do strength training to build strength and prevent age-related muscle loss, while female teachers focus more on nutritional and lifestyle education complemented by workshops and initiatives promoting balanced diets and healthy lifestyle habits. Meanwhile, teachers aged 35 years old and below enjoys the integration of physical activity into their daily routine such as stretching or walking between classes, to counter sedentary hours, whereas the teachers with the ages above 35 years old are more focused on nutritional and lifestyle education complemented by workshops and initiatives promoting balanced diets and healthy lifestyle habits. Likewise, the teachers with 10 years or below in teaching service engage in workshops and programs encouraging balanced meals and good living choices to supplement nutritional and lifestyle education, whereas teachers with above 10 years in service to increase strength and stop age-related muscle loss, personal fitness regimens integrate resistance training and strength training. This paper offered valuable insights into the physical well-being of teachers, contributing to discussions on occupational health in education and potentially informing policy recommendations for promoting health and wellness within this critical workforce
Evaluation of the Hepatic Effects of Unripe Carica papaya (Pawpaw) Sap in Adult Male Wistar Rats
No full textIntroduction: Carica papaya (pawpaw) is commonly used in traditional medicine for its nutritional and therapeutic benefits, yet the effects of its unripe fruit sap on liver function remain poorly studied. This research aimed to assess the hepatotoxic or hepatoprotective properties of unripe Carica papaya fruit sap in adult male Wistar rats through biochemical and histological evaluations.
Methodology: Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned into four groups of six: Group A (control) and Groups B, C, and D received oral doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of unripe pawpaw fruit sap, respectively, for 14 days. Acute toxicity (LD₅₀) was determined using Lorke’s method. Liver function was evaluated via serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities using WHO-recommended spectrophotometric methods. Histopathological examination of liver tissues was conducted post-treatment.
Results: Results showed no significant differences in body weight, while liver weight significantly decreased in the high-dose group (p = 0.006), indicating potential hepatotoxicity. AST levels were significantly elevated in the moderate- and high-dose groups, while ALT increased only in the moderate-dose group. ALP levels remained unchanged across all groups. Histology revealed mild liver damage at higher doses.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that unripe Carica papaya sap may exert dose-dependent effects on liver function. While lower doses showed minimal hepatic alteration, higher doses were associated with biochemical and histological changes indicative of potential hepatotoxicity. This highlights the importance of cautious evaluation of its use, particularly at high concentrations
Development and Implementation of a Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Agility Framework Using CRYSTALS-Kyber and Blockchain-Based Key Exchange for Financial Infrastructure Security
No full textThis study investigates how integrating quantum-resistant cryptographic frameworks, specifically CRYSTALS-Kyber a lattice-based post-quantum encryption scheme and blockchain-based key exchange can enhance the security and resilience of financial infrastructures facing emerging quantum threats. Building on Gbadebo’s (2025) agility framework, this research proposes a four-layer cryptographic agility model encompassing governance, infrastructure adaptability, algorithm management, and operational readiness. By leveraging data from the NIST PQC finalists, the 2024 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, and ENISA threat assessments, the study applies bibliometric analysis, statistical testing, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to evaluate both the benefits and challenges of adopting post-quantum cryptography (PQC) alongside blockchain technologies. Findings indicate that financial institutions integrating blockchain experience reduced breach frequencies and financial losses, while key management complexity emerges as a critical challenge requiring strategic attention. To guide adoption, the study introduces an eight-phase implementation roadmap supporting seamless migration from classical to quantum-resistant systems, ensuring compliance with evolving regulatory standards and enhancing operational continuity. Recommendations include enforcing sector-wide PQC adoption timelines, prioritizing investment in cryptographic agility, providing targeted upskilling programs for technical staff, and fostering robust public-private collaborations to accelerate quantum resilience efforts. By bridging theoretical insights with empirical analysis, this research provides actionable guidance for policymakers, cybersecurity professionals, and financial institutions seeking to proactively fortify their infrastructures against imminent quantum-enabled threats and secure long-term data integrity in an evolving threat landscape
Socio-demographic Predictors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Proper Refuse Disposal Methods Among People of Isoko South in Delta State
No full textThe proper refuse disposal (PRD) methods offer a sustainable alternative to the traditional linear model of refuse disposal method. This study examined the socio-demographic predictors of knowledge, attitude and practices of proper refuse disposal methods among people of Isoko South Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, involving a sample of 3,223 participants selected from twelve rural communities using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a validated self-structured instrument titled Socio-demographic, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Proper Refuse Disposal Methods Questionnaire (SKAPPRDMQ) with a reliability index of 0.89. The instrument contained 21 items, including demographic variables, Knowledge questions (YES/NO) percentage and 10 PRD-related items measured on a 4-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27 employing percentage, and regression analysis was used to answered both the objectives, research questions and hypotheses. Demographic data revealed that (59.5%) of respondents were female. In terms of age, (43.3) % were between 45-54 years, (50.6%) were married, while 48.3% works in a private film and 80.6% are educated and 55.2% are Christian. The findings of this study revealed that education and place of work are the strongest sociodemographic predictors of knowledge, attitude, and practices of proper refuse disposal in Isoko South, indicating that individuals with higher education levels and relevant workplaces are more knowledgeable and committed to proper disposal practices. Age, gender, and religion also show significant effects, particularly on attitudes and practices, while marital status does not significantly influence any of the three aspects, as evidenced by its high p-values. Overall, the study demonstrates that sociodemographic factors play a crucial role in shaping knowledge, attitudes, and practices of refuse disposal, with education being the most influential predictor. The study concluded that although misconception persist, strong support for community involvement, weaker personal responsibility and community clean-up participation remains an area for improvement.the state government should create education programs tailored to specific sociodemographic groups, focusing on refuse disposal practices and environmental conservation and incorporate waste management education into school curricula to promote early awareness and responsible practices. It recommended enhanced public education and awareness, along with government investment in infrastructure and collaborative stakeholder engagement to support adoption of proper refuse disposal method
Strategic Orientation and Corporate Goal Achievement: Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Kogi State, Nigeria
No full textThis study focused on strategic orientation and corporate goal achievement. The study determined how market orientation affects market share of manufacturing firms, and ascertained how entrepreneurial orientation affects profitability of manufacturing firms. The study used a survey research approach. The registered small, medium, and large manufacturing companies that operate in Kogi State made up the study\u27s population. The study selected a sample size of 150 companies. The study distributed a standardized questionnaire to key decision-makers in the selected companies, such as managers, directors, and business owners, to gather data. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the hypotheses, while descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the respondents\u27 characteristics. Finding showed that market orientation has a significant positive effect on market share of manufacturing firms (β= 0.658302; p-value < 0.01), and that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive effect on profitability of manufacturing firms (β= 0.619873; p-value < 0.01). The study concluded that strategic orientation can affect the achievement of corporate goals for manufacturing companies. The study recommended that to improve their market orientation and increase their market share, manufacturing companies should give top priority to competitive intelligence, market trends, and consumer wants. Furthermore, it recommended that to increase profitability, manufacturing companies should promote an entrepreneurial culture that rewards creativity, risk-taking, and initiative. Management should spend money on rewards programs and leadership development to encourage entrepreneurial endeavours at all organizational levels
Entrepreneurship as a Pathway to Women\u27s Economic Independence in an Inflationary Economy: Evidence from Ondo State, Nigeria
No full textThis study examines the effect of entrepreneurship on the economic independence of women in Ondo State, Nigeria, within the context of the country\u27s ongoing inflationary economy. While entrepreneurship is globally acknowledged as a catalyst for women’s empowerment and financial autonomy, its impact under inflation-induced economic pressures remains understudied, particularly at the sub-national level. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 386 women entrepreneurs across Akure, Okitipupa, and Owo using stratified sampling and structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods of analysis were adopted. The findings reveal that most women in Ondo State prefer entrepreneurship over government employment due to its flexibility, higher income potential, and better work-life balance. Despite inflationary challenges, entrepreneurial activities significantly enhanced women\u27s ability to support their households, save, invest, and increase their decision-making power within families. The study also found that limited access to finance, inadequate training, and socio-cultural barriers continue to constrain women’s full economic potential. Nonetheless, the positive link between entrepreneurship and financial independence underscores its importance as a tool for economic empowerment. The study recommends that targeted financial programs, flexible work policies, and business development support be expanded to strengthen women\u27s entrepreneurial outcomes. These interventions are crucial to enhancing women\u27s resilience and advancing inclusive economic growth in Ondo State