Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Exploring the Power of Intrinsic Motivation for Salespeople: The Case of Bangladesh Pharmaceuticals
No full textThis paper aims to theoretically examine how the power of intrinsic motivation can significantly influence and improve the performance of pharmaceutical sales teams, particularly amidst challenges like regulatory complexities and intense competition. To examine various intrinsic motivators that can enhance the sales performance of the sales teams, this study relied on existing literature from theoretical and empirical studies. The findings indicate that to the extent that salespeople perceive their work as meaningful and engage positively with clients and the supervisors employ positive motivational strategies like granting autonomy, speaking positively, and nurturing client relationships, their intrinsic motivation increases similar to nurturing good trees (representing intrinsic motivators with stability), rather than bad trees (representing unstable extrinsic motivators), thereby boosting their overall performance. The scientific community, especially the healthcare professional and pharmaceuticals industry will benefit from reviewing this study since the study focuses on intrinsic motivation of the salespeople in the pharmaceuticals field. This study shows a direct link between the pharmaceuticals and healthcare professionals. The paper identifies the power of intrinsic motivation as instrumental in influencing the effectiveness and success of pharmaceutical salespeople in Bangladesh. The paper concludes with implications, recommendations, and directions for further research based on these findings
Enhancing Elementary Mathematics Learning through Taragutog: A Game-based Intervention for Multiplication Skills
No full textAims: This study was conducted to determine the effect of taragutog in the multiplication skills of the grade V learners of Luna Central School. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) What is the level of performance in the pre-test of the following: (a) control group? (b)experimental group? (2) What is the level of performance in the post-test of the following: (a) control group? (b)experimental group? (3) Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the control group? (4) Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group? (5) Is there a significant difference between the pre-tests of the control and experimental group? (6 Is there a significant difference between the post-tests of the control and experimental group?
Study Design: This study used descriptive-quasi experimental design using pre-test and post-test to the control and experimental group.
Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted at Luna Central School, Poblacion, Luna, Apayao, School Year 2022 – 2023.
Methodology: Mean, frequency and percentage were used to show the level of performance in the pre-test and post-test of the control and experimental group. Pearson – R was used to show the comparison of the pre-test and post-test of the control group, the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group, the pre-tests of control and experimental group, the post-test of the control and experimental group.
The respondents of the study were the forty-eight (48) Grade V learners of Luna Central School. Twenty-four (24) learners were from the control group (section blue) and twenty-four (24) learners were from the experimental group (section pink).
Results: In the pre-test, the control group exhibited a range of scores from 6 to 20, with the majority of participants falling into the "Average" and "Moderately Low" performance categories. The mean pre-test score for the control group was 11.9167, with a standard deviation of 2.79622. On the other hand, the experimental group had a similar distribution of scores in the pre-test, with a mean score of 11.6250 and a slightly lower standard deviation of 1.83712. In the post-test, the control group showed a significant improvement, with a mean score of 20.2083 and a standard deviation of 2.24537. The experimental group, which employed the use of taragutog, exhibited even higher post-test scores, with a mean score of 21.5417 and a slightly higher standard deviation of 2.39527. Statistical analysis revealed that the improvement in the control group\u27s post-test scores was statistically significant, as evidenced by a P-value of 0.000. Similarly, the experimental group\u27s post-test scores were significantly higher than the control group, with a p-value of 0.048. These findings suggest that both the control and experimental groups demonstrated an increase in performance from the pre-test to the post-test. However, the experimental group, which utilized the taragutog intervention, exhibited a greater improvement in learning outcomes compared to the control group. This indicates the potential effectiveness of incorporating game-based interventions, like taragutog, in enhancing student performance.
Conclusion: The comparison of pre-test scores indicated that the control and experimental groups were initially similar in terms of their baseline performance. However, the post-test scores revealed a significant improvement in both groups, with the experimental group achieving higher scores. Taragutog isa game-based intervention used to address the deficiencies of learners in multiplication. This game is essential and important to use because this a cultural-based game and is widely known in the Philippines
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Anti-hyperglycemic Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia in Rodent Models Coupled with a Detailed Assessment of its Adverse Effect Profile
No full textA prevalent endocrine condition, diabetes mellitus (DM) is generally characterized by diminished insulin function, which results in hyperglycemia and complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy. Bigunaides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and SGLT2 inhibitors are common oral antidiabetic drugs while each has unique adverse effects. A medicinal herb called Tinospora cordifolia has the potential to control blood sugar levels by lowering oxidative stress and increasing insulin secretion. In the experimental rat model, diabetes was induced using alloxan. 50 rats were split up into ten groups for the study in order to examine how T. cardifolia extract affected blood glucose levels. Following alloxan-induced diabetes, the rats were given metformin, different dosages (such as 300mg, 600 mg and 900 mg) of T.cardifolia extract or plain water and food from day 7 to day 42. Elevated blood glucose, liver damage (increased SGPT/SGOT), kidney dysfunction (high creatinine/urea), and changed lipid profiles were all consequences of alloxan-induced diabetes. The therapeutic potential of the plant extract in managing diabetes and its complications is suggested by the significant reduction in blood glucose, improvement in liver and kidney markers, and correction of lipid imbalances, especially at medium (600mg) and high doses (900 mg)
Unmasking the Unexpected: A Case of Acute Pulmonary Edema in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
No full textAcute heart failure, particularly acute pulmonary edema, is a common cause of hospitalization and impacts life expectancy, especially with age. The mortality rate among patients in Southeast Asia is 13%. The severity of the condition is classified based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Only 21.5% of patients with acute pulmonary edema have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This case involves a 63-year-old male patient with acute pulmonary edema due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, secondary to acute hypertension and community-acquired pneumonia. Initial management followed guidelines, including symptomatic therapy and observation in the intensive care unit. After three days of treatment, the patient\u27s condition stabilized, with improved hemodynamics and alleviation of symptoms. We want to highlight an uncommon case of HFpEF in a patient presenting with acute pulmonary edema
Coronaphobia and Poetic Justice: Psychological Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textCoronaphobia, a term coined during the COVID-19 pandemic, refers to fear and anxiety specifically associated with COVID-19. Given the prevalence of retributive thinking, I considered whether some people who treated infected people in a discriminatory manner might have felt a sense of poetic justice (cause-and-retribution thinking). Therefore, this study first aims to investigate the following hypotheses: that trends in coronaphobia declined between 2020 (when the pandemic began) and 2022; that the tendency toward coronaphobia differs depending on age, gender, and whether a person is single or married; and that people who felt a sense of poetic justice towards individuals infected with COVID-19 were more likely to have coronaphobia. This study clarifies the relationship between poetic justice and coronaphobia. A survey was completed by 4783 people, once in 2020 and again in 2022. Among the respondents, the trend of coronaphobia decreased between 2020 and 2022. In addition, older respondents were less prone to coronaphobia than younger respondents. Finally, respondents with a strong sense of poetic justice regarding people infected with COVID-19 were more likely to have coronaphobia. The assessment criterion for \u27poetic justice\u27 is whether the cause of infection is attributed to the individual\u27s actions. These results demonstrate the significant impact of concepts such as cause and effect on people’s behavior and emotions and indicate their importance in understanding individual responses in crises such as pandemics
Incorporating Blended Learning into the 21st Century Educational Pedagogy as Learning Approach among Undergraduate Students of Public Universities in North-West Nigeria
No full textBlended learning is regarded as a pedagogical approach that combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning tools and resources. This study investigated the significance of incorporating a blended learning model into the traditional teaching and learning approach among universities in North-West Nigeria. Three objectives and two hypotheses guided the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of all regular undergraduate students (180,625) in public Universities in North-west Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 380 participants from five (5) universities across the study area using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table for determining sample size for specific population. A researcher structured questionnaire was employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics such as mean score and standard deviation were used to answer research question one, while question two and three were tested using inferential statistics such as t-test and multiple regression. Findings from the study revealed that there was positive perception of undergraduate students towards the incorporation of blended learning. The results also found a statistically significant difference in the effect of blended learning on students’ engagement. The results further revealed a statistically significant effect in the relationship among blended learning, students’ motivation and engagement in public universities in North-West Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that divergent methodology to blended learning approach such as flipped classroom and inverted classroom should be encouraged in order to enhance and stimulate Students motivation. 
Development and Sensory Evaluation of Guava Leaves-Enriched Khakra: Enhancing Nutritional Value of a Traditional Snack
No full textBackground: Guava (Psidium guajava L.), a tropical and subtropical fruit, is known for its high nutritional value and medicinal properties.
Aim: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a food product enriched with guava leaf powder, specifically focusing on khakra, a traditional Indian snack.
Methods: The "Allahabad Safeda" variety of guava leaves was collected, dried, and powdered to incorporate into the khakra preparation. Four khakra variants were developed, including a standard version without guava leaf powder and three enriched versions containing varying amounts (4g, 7g, and 10g) of guava leaf powder. Sensory evaluation based on color, taste, texture, odor, and overall acceptability was conducted by 20 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Nutritional analysis of the samples was performed to assess moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, and calcium content.
Results: The results showed that the sample with 10g of guava leaf powder (Sample A) had the highest acceptability. Nutritional analysis revealed that the guava leaves enriched khakras had improved protein, fat, ash, and mineral content, making them a more nutritious alternative. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of incorporating guava leaves powder into food products to enhance their nutritional profile while maintaining consumer acceptability
Gender-based Barriers to Partner Notification among HIV-Positive Clients in Imo State, Nigeria
No full textThis study hopes to provide evidence to inform gender integration in the scale up of Partner Notification Services for HIV positive clients in Imo State Nigeria. Partner notification or disclosure otherwise contact tracing is defined as a voluntary process whereby a trained provider asks people diagnosed with HIV about their sexual partners and/or drug injecting partners and then, if the HIV-positive client agrees, offers these partners HIV Testing Services. The study was conducted in 4 comprehensive ART sites in Imo State, Nigeria across 4 local government areas. The state is in Southeastern part of Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey among index clients in the State was done Pre-tested, interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire was used. Consenting index clients were recruited consecutively for the study. Data was analyzed using IBM statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. Chi-square test was used to ascertain associations of characteristics of clients with Gender-barriers in Index Clients at level of significance of ≤ 0.05. This study showed that majority were positive on overall perception (about 95%) as well as component Gender-based Barriers to HIV (>75%). Some of them include fear of violence, fear of stigmatization, fear of loss of relationship or income and cultural norms that frown on having multiple sexual partners. Gender inequalities, including gender-based and intimate partner violence, exacerbate women and girls’ physiological vulnerability to HIV and block their access to HIV services. HIV is not only driven by gender inequality, but it also entrenches gender inequality, leaving women more vulnerable to its impact
Exploring the Impact of Cognitive Styles on Academic Program Satisfaction: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students at Pwani University, Kilifi
No full textInvestigating undergraduate students\u27 level of satisfaction with academic programs was the goal of this study. The investigation was guided by the Field Dependence-Field Independence concept proposed by Witkin. Correlational research methodology was employed. Students\u27 cognitive style and program satisfaction (CS&PS) survey was used to collect data. Study participants included 1,926 first-year undergraduates and 1,671 third-year undergraduates. The study created a sample size of 351 using the Krejcie and Morgan Sampling table. Proportionate sampling was used to choose the respondents in order to represent departments, schools, and genders. Student questionnaire on cognitive style and program satisfaction (CS&PS) and Wyss\u27s (2002) Field Dependence Cognitive Style Checklist was used. The test-retest method was used to improve the tool\u27s validity and reliability. The Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient was computed to evaluate the piloted surveys\u27 reliability. To ensure the content validity of the study instruments, expert evaluation and pilot research were employed. For regression analysis, chi-square analysis, and Pearson correlation, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized. As to the study, 54.9% of participants were Field Independent (FI) learners, whereas 44.8% of participants were Field Dependent (FD) learners. Furthermore, female students had a higher prevalence of FD cognitive style (69.5%), but male students had a higher prevalence of FI cognitive type (74.8%). 78.3% of students were satisfied with their course of study, compared to 21.7% who weren\u27t, according to the report. According to the survey, in order to improve undergraduate students\u27 performance through academic mentorship programs, the administration of Pwani University should encourage them to identify their cognitive types and learning styles. The study also proposes that lecturers employ a variety of teaching methods and materials to try to meet each learner\u27s chosen cognitive type during the learning process
Gamification Techniques in Enhancing English for Elementary Level Students
No full textOver the years, educators have been increasingly incorporating various games into their teaching curriculum in an effort to create a fun and engaging learning environment for students. This study aimed to introduce games that will encourage pupils’ class participation in the different phases of teaching-learning activities in elementary English; identify problems and difficulties in the use of the proposed technique, and propose some recommendations to employ as well as improve the proposed technique. The desire to play is basic to every individual, especially among children. Hence, this technique was used by the inclusion of games as a motivational activity, main activity, application, evaluation, and assignments to English teaching. Games in English, if properly carried out, can develop the three domains of learning – cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The more the learners are involved in the learning process, the better their chances to grasp and attain the objectives set forth by the particular lesson.
Games can be obtained commercially or through one\u27s creativity. There are also lots of available games on the internet that teachers can easily download. They may also revise the procedure of the games suited to the level and needs of the learners. Not all games are applicable to every learning situation. Games can be a hindrance in a way to attaining the objectives set forth in concept formation, yet the task breaking these obstacles lies in the hands of the teachers who should be able to strengthen these weaknesses that games may pose. This paper used a mixed methods research design, particularly the sequential explanatory. The researcher identified the least learned topics/concepts in Grade 6 English.
Overall, this study provides evidence for the usage of gamification in educational settings. The study revealed specific areas and ways in which gamification applications can be more or less effective. Gamification appears to work better in shorter doses. Gamification is not only focused on making the students participative, but it is also used to enhance their competencies in English, especially the least learned skills. Games help in enhancing the teaching strategies of the teacher to attain the proficiency of pupils in English. Games can also encourage the pupils to participate more in class discussions and activities. Additionally, competitive elements are also beneficial in gamification. Lastly, the use of elements that focus on the time on task is extremely important. Studies that appropriately applied time-on-task elements experienced positive results. The study recommended that teachers should have a file of relevant games suited to different lessons. Seminar-workshops and training on the production of games and the application of gamification in education should be organized