Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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A Study on Groundwater Irrigation Expansion in Bihar, India
No full textWater use has increased by more than twice the rate of population growth over the past century. Although, there is worldwide water scarcity, an increasing number of areas are chronically short of water. There has been a substantial increase in irrigated areas in the last thirty -five years. The Net Irrigated Area (NIA) in Bihar has increased from 2808 thousand hectares in 1985 to 3083 thousand hectares in 2021. The total annual replenishable groundwater potential of Bihar has been estimated as 33.15 billion cubic meters (bcm) with an annual extraction of 13.50 bcm. The share of surface water is declining while groundwater is increasingly being used in crop production. A total of 11754 thousand hectares have been estimated as the ultimate irrigation potential in the state, including major, medium and minor irrigation schemes, utilizing both surface and groundwater. If the available potential is fully exploited, it can cover more than the total cultivated area of the state. Considering the interests of both present and future generations attention needs to be directed towards the sustainable use of groundwater and promoting various sources of surface water
Impact of Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme on Grape Beneficiary Farmers
No full textAgriculture in India is extremely vulnerable to incidence of extreme weather events which leads to agrarian distress. Farmers are sensitive to agricultural risks and, as a result require insurance. Climate variability and extreme weather events have become a great threat to agricultural production in India. The projected increase in droughts, floods, heat and cold waves, cyclones, extreme precipitation events will result in greater instability in food production. Grape fruit crop is extremely sensitive to climate change; year by year many farmers are indebted due to very meager yields. Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) is one such scheme which was recent crop insurance launch by Government of India to mitigate the hardship of the insured farmers against the likelihood of financial loss on account of crop loss resulting from adverse weather conditions. Grape fruit crop was taken into consideration to assess the impact of the ‘RWBCIS’ on beneficiaries. The study was conducted in the year 2021-2022 in Nasik district of Maharashtra state. The sample consists of total 150 farmers, 75 beneficiary farmers and 75 non-beneficiary farmers of RWBCIS. With the help of tools like Crop diversification, Cropping intensity and Incremental cost benefit ratio an attempt is made to find out the impact of the RBWCIS on beneficiary farmers in comparison to non-beneficiary farmers. The results showed that there is no significant difference in crop diversification and cropping intensity between the two groups. Also, there is no noticeable difference between the creditworthiness of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers of RWBCIS. Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio for beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries was more or less unity. There is no noticeable impact of RWBCIS on Grape beneficiary farmers
Beyond "Blind Spots": Illuminating Financial Pathways for Thriving Agrotourism as a Family Business
No full textPurpose: This scientific research study aims to highlight the management of blind spots in agrotourism with the clear goal of helping farmers by offering them useful financial ratio analysis.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Conducted in-depth interviews with agrotourism owners and conducted a comprehensive review of existing academic literature, industry reports, and government publications on financial management in family-run businesses and agrotourism.
Findings: By acknowledging and addressing core "blind spots," family-run agrotourism businesses can cultivate a culture of financial awareness and proactive planning. The project appears to have a benefit-cost ratio (1.478) that is positive, meaning that benefits exceed expenses. Given the high internal rate of return (45.56%), the investment may out to be quite beneficial. The project\u27s financial viability is further supported by the profitability index (1.37), which is higher than 1.
Practical Implication: We have analyzed financial ratios, such as profitability index, benefit cost ratio, payback period ratio, current ratio, net profit margin, fixed turnover assets ratio, Internal rate of return, working capital turnover ratio, return on investment, gross margin etc. to assess the profitability and performance of the agrotourism. In order to maximize revenue from agrotourism, we monitored a number of factors before calculating break-even analysis. These included financial risks, profitable revenue streams, and seasonal variations in demand and income during off-peak seasons, off-farm income, and operating costs. This type of all analysis useful for avoid blind spots in agrotourism.
Originality/Value: Offering concrete strategies and frameworks tailored to family agrotourism business can directly benefit practitioners, enhancing their financial resilience and contributing to business success
The Extent of Awareness Level of Sugarcane Farmers on Crop Residue Management Innovations
No full textThe present study was conducted in the Sathyamanagalam block of Erode district during 2021 with the objective of studying the Extent of Awareness level of Sugarcane Farmers on Crop Residue Management Innovations. 60 respondents were selected from three villages. The results of the study shows that 100 per cent of respondents were aware that crop residue burning could create health risks. Crop residue management inventions such as trash mulching, trash shredders, and Harvest mounted cane trash shredder and collection systems were known by 100 per cent of the respondents. Only 10 per cent of those polled had no idea what bio-decomposers were. The Majority of the respondents (93.33%), regularly used trash mulching of sugarcane leaves to manage crop residue beneficially. Only 6.66 per cent of respondents used trash shredders regularly. Even though the subsidy given by the Government was available, due to timely unavailability of machinery led to the irregular use of trash shredders. Even though many of the respondents are aware of the negative aspects of residue burning and innovations available to manage sugarcane trash, they continue to burn due to time and cost constraints. With regard to constraints in adopting crop residue management technologies cent (100.00%) of respondents reported that lack of awareness on subsidies and involves more time and cost as the major constraints. Continuous monitoring of fields by the officials and demonstrations should be conducted to enhance the knowledge of the sugarcane growers on trash management
The Impact of Socio-demographic Variables on Maternal Healthcare Accessibility among Women of Reproductive Age in Zamfara State, Nigeria
No full textNigeria\u27s maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 814 per 100,000 live births starkly contrasts with developed countries, where the ratio is significantly lower at 1 in 4900. This places Nigerian women at a substantially higher risk, with a 1 in 22 chance of maternal death during pregnancy or childbirth. Access to quality maternal healthcare is severely hampered by various socio-demographic factors such as education, income, occupation, and geographical location. Zamfara State, in particular, ranks poorly on these indices, with the highest rates of out-of-school children and women lacking formal education, alongside a significant proportion of impoverished and vulnerable individuals. These socioeconomic challenges exacerbate barriers to maternal health services for women in Zamfara State. Addressing these underlying determinants is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes in the state. This study, focusing on women of reproductive age in Zamfara State, employed the Social Determinants of Health Theory to underscore that health outcomes are shaped by societal conditions and policies. The sample size of the study consisted of 382 respondents. Closed ended questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection. Data collected was analyzed quantitatively with aid of SPSS Version 20. Key findings emphasized that higher levels of education and income significantly enhance willingness and access to maternal healthcare services among women in Zamfara State. The study recommends enhancing healthcare infrastructure, improving transportation, and addressing security in high-risk areas. Tailored educational programs are crucial in Quranic education communities to dispel healthcare misconceptions. Governments and NGOs should create economic opportunities for women to ensure affordable healthcare and improve maternal health outcomes in Zamfara State
Growth Dynamics and Export Potential of India\u27s Poultry Sector: A Comprehensive Analysis
No full textIndia ranks as the third largest egg producer and fifth largest producer of poultry meat globally. Commercial poultry farms accounts about eighty-five percent of countries\u27 egg production, the remaining comes from household/backyard poultry. Poultry production plays a significant part in the socio-economic life of India\u27s rural population. This research focused on growth trends, instability in egg and poultry meat production and export trend, instability and Markov chain model was used to identify the market share of importing countries and stable importers of Indian poultry products. The state wise analysis revealed that the Uttar Pradesh registered highest growth rate among the top ten egg producing states for the study period. The export of poultry products has positive growth. Oman and Maldives are reliable market partners for India’s poultry product over the period
Balance Sheet Analysis with the Aim of Improving Financial Reporting: A Case Study of DCCB Raipur, India
No full textThis paper presents in the form of a case study the process of analysis of the balance sheet and income statement of the District Central Cooperative Bank (DCCB) Raipur. The research presented in the paper is based on the analysis of the official set of basic financial reports, as well as other publicly available data on the DCCB Raipur. As the time component is very important for research of this type, that reports were observed in the paper during only current and the previous years, ie for the period 2021-22. The aim of the research is to assess the financial result and financial position of a given company by examining the structure and dynamics of total income and the distribution of total income, profitability and opportunities to improve the financial position. The results of the research indicate that the bank\u27s strong financial position and profitability are attributed to its efficient operations and strategic financial management, as evidenced by the substantial growth in net income. The bank has effectively managed its assets and liabilities to achieve strong financial health. This positive trend indicates the bank\u27s ability to generate sustainable profits and maintain its competitive edge in the market
Intimate Partner Violence and Women\u27s Participation in the Labour Market in Cameroon: An Analysis from Demographic and Health Survey of 2018
No full textIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health and employment outcomes concern around the world. The relationship between IPV and economic participation is fundamental to understand barriers to women\u27s empowerment and achieving gender equality and the economic independence from employment income could reduce the risk of conjugal violence by predicting family bargaining theories. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the association between Intimate partner violence on the participation of women in the labour market and their access to employment in the form of being a wage worker, self-employed or unpaid family worker and using data from the Demographic and Health Data Survey carry out in 2018. Intimate partner violence is apprehended from its three dimensions (physical, emotional and sexual violence) Empirically, IPV is apprehended from its three dimensions (physical, emotional and sexual violence) and the instrumental variables method was used The estimated results of the iv probit regression model suggest that, IPV has a positive effect on women\u27s possession of and access to paid employment, it is statistically significant after controlling for simultaneous causality between employment status and IPV. On the other hand, women participating in the labor market are exposed to IPV of 313.7 ‰, 11.0% of women\u27s possession of a job paid in cash or in kind and 40% of working for a family member which confirms the family negotiation model. Physical violence from an intimate partner is the most widespread, around 56% for women who declared participating in the labor market and having paid employment and 61.67% of those working with a family member. The results presented reflect important information in a way that IPVs do not affect women\u27s employment. Several motivations justify men\u27s recourse to violence and the mechanisms involved can act either individually or simultaneously. One preventable condition is the reduction in time combined with violent confluence which can doubly reduce violence and give rise to financial autonomy
Integrating Biochar with Solar Drip Irrigation Technology for Smallholder Vegetable Farming in South-eastern Ghana Yields Profitable Returns
No full textGhana\u27s agricultural sector faces significant challenges, characterized by low productivity and a heavy reliance on unpredictable rainfall and outdated farming practices, with limited use of modern agricultural inputs. This research investigates the potential profitability of integrating biochar and solar drip irrigation technologies for smallholder vegetable farming in Ghana, a country with sub-Saharan African agricultural conditions. The study employs gross margin and net farm income approaches to estimate profitability, providing a robust financial analysis of the proposed agricultural innovations. The results reveal a substantial mean gross margin of GHȼ35,021.25 and a net farm income of GHȼ48,786.50 per ha across the study area during the dry season from 2017-2020. These findings underscore the economic viability of biochar and solar drip irrigation, demonstrating significant financial benefits for smallholder farmers. The study concludes that adopting these technologies can markedly enhance agricultural productivity and profitability. It is recommended that smallholder farmers adopt biochar and solar drip irrigation to improve their farming outcomes, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural development in the region
Economics of Mundu Chilli Cultivation in Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India
No full textGlobally Indian chillies dominates the international chilli market. India holds the title for being the world\u27s biggest producer, consumer, and exporter of chili. Indian chilli is considered to be world-famous for important commercial qualities of colour and pungency levels. In Tamil Nadu chilli is being cultivated as rainfed and irrigated conditions in many of the districts. In 2021-22 Tamil Nadu cultivated chilli in 0.5 lakh ha and produced 26,380 MT. In Tamil Nadu Ramanthapuram district alone cultivate Mundu type chilli which is unique in nature. In this study, economics of ramanathapuram mundu chilli is analyzed and discussed. The study uses both primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected from chillies cultivators in Ramanthapuram district during 2019-20. Based on the secondary data Kadaladi, Paramakudi and Ramnad blocks were purposively selected based on the area cultivated. The primary data with respect to costs and returns, marketing cost were collected using pre tested schedule through personnel interview method. Data pertaining to traders, processors retailers and exporters were also collected. The study says that chilli farmers incurs Rs.84,550 per hectare to cultivate mundu chilli in Ramanathapuram district and Rs.55,450 as net return and the BCR is 1.65