Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Comparative Analysis of Organic and Conventional Tomato cultivation in North-Western Himalayas
No full textThe present study was carried out in Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh. Primary data have been collected through survey method for the agricultural year 2018-19. Using the purposive sampling technique, the districts and villages were selected based on the highest area under organic farming. By using simple random sampling, a sample of 80 farmers were selected, out of which 40 were organic growers and 40 were conventional growers, who were further categorized as marginal, small and medium farms. The cost incurred was higher for the cultivation of tomato in conventional farming, whereas returns and output-input ratio was higher in organic tomato cultivation. In organic farming system, farmyard manure (44.70 per cent) constituted highest share in Cost A1 followed by plant protection (17.09 per cent), human hired labour (10.37 per cent), seed/plant (6.53 per cent), bio-fertilizers (4.72 per cent), stalking (2.33 per cent) and hired machinery labour (1.53 per cent). In conventional farming, farmyard manure (33.37 per cent) constituted highest share in total variable Cost A1 followed by plant protection (28.92 per cent), human hired labour (8.46 per cent), fertilizers (6.23 per cent) and seed/plant (6.20 per cent), stalking (2.29 per cent) and owned machinery labour (1.34 per cent). It was also found that human labour was more employed in organic farming as compared to conventional farming system. Education of farmers for scientific management of crops and provision of improved tools for efficient use of labour have also been suggested to lower production costs and make the organic vegetable cultivation more beneficial to farmers, particularly to the small and marginal farmers in the state
Constraints Faced by the Farmers in Production and Marketing of Cauliflower in Haryana, India
No full textCauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) is one of the most important remunerative vegetable crops grown on commercial scale in India. It is widely grown across India and is a popular vegetable among the people. It is known for its white, tender head or curd, which is used in curries, soups, and for pickling. Cauliflower is a crucial winter vegetable grown in India. A survey was conducted among a group of cauliflower growers to understand the challenges they encounter during cauliflower production and marketing. The objective of the study was to identify the production and marketing constraints faced by the cauliflower growers. Panipat and Sonipat districts were purposively selected due to their significant cauliflower cultivation areas in the state. A total of 200 cauliflower growers were conveniently chosen to gather the necessary data. In Panipat and Sonipat district, the study revealed that the major constraints in cauliflower production included the high cost of cauliflower seeds, expensive fertilizers, labour scarcity during peak periods, and other similar challenges. In terms of cauliflower marketing, respondents reported multiple constraints such as high transportation costs, numerous intermediaries in the marketing process, price fluctuations, lack of awareness about the Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojana (BBY) and its complex procedures, and the higher margins of middlemen. To address these constraints, it is recommended to establish sufficient storage facilities that enable producers to distribute their sales throughout the year. Efforts should be made to ensure the availability of quality seeds and protect producers from experiencing low prices during peak seasons
Identifying the Factors of Export Competitiveness for Agricultural Products
No full textRecently, agriculture exports have been receiving a lot of attention from academicians, researchers, governments, and policymakers. However, India’s agri-products competitiveness is generally low, and the economic significance of agriculture has been declining over the years. This compels undertaking studies on the export competitiveness of agri-products. The purpose of this study is to explore the critical factors of India’s agri-product export competitiveness. The competitiveness research has put less than adequate attention on the agriculture sector as compared to other constituents of the economy, such as industries and services. Overall, the present study has successfully identified the key factors that affect India’s agri-products export competitiveness in the global market. Indian agriculture has a huge export potential in the world market, and this can be fully exploited if competitiveness issues are addressed properly. Therefore, by identifying the abovementioned influencing factors, this study may offer very useful insight to farmers, exporters, and the government on how to strengthen India’s agricultural exports in the global market. Further, the framework of the study also lays the foundation for undertaking econometric-aided empirical research on export competitiveness of selected agri-products or the entire agriculture sector
Synergistic Action of New Combination of Fungicides in the Management of Tikka Leaf Spot and Rust Diseases in Groundnut
No full textTikka leaf spot and rust diseases are major constraints in groundnut at Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. We conducted front line demonstration on effect of new combination of fungicides for management of foliar diseases in groundnut and the experiment was carried out at different farmer’s field. The farmers practicing variety TAG24 is highly susceptible to tikka leaf spot and soil borne diseases. The trial was conducted during rabi season for two years. During rabi, 2022-2023, the percent disease incidence of tikka leaf spot recorded 38.46% in demo plot where as in farmer practice 74.62% recorded. During rabi 2023-2024, recorded 38.8% and 65.4% tikka leaf spot disease in demo plot and farmer practice respectively. The average pod yield was increased 5% more in demo plot over farmer practicing plot. The average of 2 years, rust diseases recorded 5% in demo plot and 16% in farmer practice. In both treatments the incidence of tikka leaf spot was high due to farmers cultivating variety is highly susceptible to foliar diseases and farmers are used higher seed rate i.e. 200kg/acre. Based on results we concluded that the combination fungicides i.e. tebuconozole 50% +trifloxystrobin 25% WG and pyraclostrobin 5% +metiram 55% WG are best chemicals than single mode of action fungicides and time of application of fungicide is also important
Perceived Constraints and Strategic Recommendations by Commercial Dairy Farmers in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
No full textThe present study was undertaken to find out the constraints faced by the commercial dairy farmers in adoption of advance dairy production practices. The Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh was specifically chosen for the study because it is regarded as a centre for commercial dairy farmers and has a well-established infrastructure for the development of the dairy industry. The sample consisted of 203 responders in total. The research findings revealed that the main constraints mentioned by commercial dairy farmers were the unavailability of green fodder year-round, low conception rates through artificial insemination, high cost of veterinary treatment, and low milk prices relative to production costs. Farmers suggest solutions such as increasing milk prices in proportion to feed and service costs, standardize labour costs, reducing feed material costs, and improving access to veterinary services and innovative technologies. Providing suitable solutions can improve dairy farming practices, enhance productivity, and support the economic well-being of dairy farmer
What Premiums are Livestock Farmers Willing to Pay for Indemnity Insurance in the West Region, Cameroon?
No full textPoultry and pig farmers in the West Region of Cameroon inherently face risks. Notwithstanding, no insurance company offers indemnity insurance to cover these risks. This study investigates the premiums poultry and pig farmers are willing to pay for insurance and the determinants of these premiums. A quantitative design was employed, involving a sample of 484 poultry and pig farmers selected through cluster and snowball sampling techniques from the Mifi, Koung-Khi, Bamboutos, and Upper-Plateau Divisions. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires (of which 430 questionnaires were retrieved), and quantitative analyses were conducted using the Chi-Square, Logistic Regression, and Integrated Value Mapping Tests. This study revealed that most farmers (40.7%) are willing to pay $79 (50,000CFA) for indemnity insurance. For poultry farmers, household and flock size are significant determinants. Production factors influenced the premiums they are willing to pay for insurance than socioeconomic factors, with a predictive power/explanatory power of 33.9% and 9.5%, respectively. The Integrated Value Mapping (IVM) combining the predictive effects of both components was 38%, implying that 62% variability was not explained, as there are other factors to reckon with. For pig farmers, years of farming experience, annual farming income, division, household and flock size are significant determinants of the premium farmers are willing to pay for insurance. Socioeconomic factors predicted their willingness to subscribe to insurance almost at the same degree as production factors, with a predictive power/explanatory of 61.6% and 62.4%, respectively. The Integrated Value Mapping (IVM) combining the predictive effects of both components was 74.3%, implying that 25.7% variability was not explained as there are other factors to reckon with. This study recommends that the government and development partners should establish premium-subsidised indemnity insurance initiatives, especially for small-scale farmers
A Review on Understanding the Perception of Farmers on Effectiveness of Agricultural TV Programs for the Dissemination of Agricultural Information in Bangladesh
No full textTelevision is an audio-visual medium of communication which is basically conceived as a powerful mass educator. The reason behind this, TV outreach has covered the several remote villages and tribal pockets and is ushering information explosion. The main focus of the study was to have an understanding on the perception of farmers regarding effectiveness of agriculture related TV programs for the dissemination of agricultural information. Attempt was also made to explore the relationship between some of the selected characteristics of the farmers and their perceived effectiveness of agriculture related TV programs for the dissemination of agricultural information. Over the last thirty years agriculture became technology based by using modern practices. Mass Communication media (Radio, Television, Newspaper, Mobile Phone etc.) took away the credit of this upgrade from traditional to modern. Out all of these, television is able to attract the audiences of all age groups, literate and illiterate and of all the strata of the society, thus it is a strong way of disseminating modern agricultural technological information to famers via different TV Programs. TV programs motivate farmers by changing imparting critical agricultural technical knowledge, awareness and skills. The study was carried out to assess the perception of farmers regarding effectiveness of agriculture related TV programs for the dissemination of agricultural information. Attempt was also made to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the farmers and their perceived effectiveness of agriculture related TV programs for the dissemination of agricultural information. Most of the studies revealed that of majority of the farmers perceived agriculture related TV programs as medium effective while a minimal number of them found it either highly effective or opposite that means not so effective
Socio-economic and Psychological Characteristics of KVK Trainees and Non-trainees in Selected Districts of Jharkhand
No full textThis present study was conducted in Jharkhand, India, during 2021-2022, aimed to assess the socio-personal, and communication characteristics of trainee and non-trainee of Deoghar, Dumka, and Giridih districts of Jharkhand. The Data were collected from 200 trainee and 200 non-trainee respondents using stratified random sampling and analysed using appropriate statistical tests. The results indicate that the majority of farmers had limited education, with most living in semi-cemented or cemented houses. Marginal farmers were predominant in both groups, with low annual income levels. Trainee respondents exhibited higher levels of innovativeness and leadership ability compared to non-trainees, suggesting a positive impact of training programs. However, both groups showed a need for improvement in scientific orientation. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to improve education, infrastructure, and income levels among farmers in Jharkhand. Training programs should focus on enhancing not only technical skills but also innovativeness, leadership, and scientific orientation to enhance agricultural productivity and livelihoods in the region. The major sources of communication where radio ,television newspaper, magazine etc
Navigating the Honey Markets Across Europe and Africa
No full textIndia ranks fourth globally in terms of honey export but the Indian honey was mainly exported to American and Asian continent consisting of over 85 per cent of total honey exported by India leaving huge untapped potential in Europe which is second largest importer of honey worldwide as well as Africa. Keeping this in mind an analysis of European and African honey market was done using secondary data and results were interpreted in excel sheet. It was found that European honey production was primarily led by Spain. The continent accounted for approximately 45 per cent of global honey imports, with Germany being the largest importer with imported value of 306674.7 thousand USD (2023). India shared less than 0.1 per cent of total European honey imports. It was also observed that Africa contributed to 10 per cent of the world\u27s total honey output. The continent’s honey import was considerably lower than global imports. In terms of export, Egypt led African honey exports. India shared only 12 per cent of total honey imports to Africa. It was noted that both Europe and Africa presented huge untapped potential for Indian honey. It was suggested to improve post harvest management of honey for maintaining quality standards and government support for increasing exports to the continents
A Scale to Measure the Psychological Impact on Farmers during Pandemic Conditions (Covid-19)
No full textThe recent outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic resulted in global lockdown creating huge economic cost and cascading impact on different sections of society including the farming community. The farmers though directly faced socio economic impact there reported psychological distress due to anxiety, depression etc. Hence the objective of measuring the psychological impact of Covid-19 on farming community was taken up. As there were no proper measuring instruments for measuring the psychological impact especially of the farmers, a need was thus realized for constructing a specific scale. Hence, the Likerts summated rating scale procedure was followed by considering 8 dimensions. Initially 110 statements were sent to judges rating and the statements with relevancy weightage of 0.80 and above were retained. Then it was administered to farmers in non sample area for item analysis and after ‘t’ test 32 statements were retained. The Cronbach’s alpha test to measure the internal consistency of components was 0.895 and the split half method, followed for measuring the items reliability showed ‘r’ is 0.734. The scale validity was measured using face and content validity. Thus the scale has both validity and reliability. The finally developed scale consists of 32 statements under 8 different dimensions