Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Optimizing Returns in Mulberry Cultivation: A Resource use Efficiency Study in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka, India
No full textThe present study was conducted to analyze resource use efficiency in mulberry cultivation using data from cultivators of the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka collected during 2021-22 from mulberry growing farmers. Twenty mulberry growers were selected using a multistage random sampling technique from each of the two chosen taluks leading in mulberry cultivation in Chikkaballapur district. The resource use efficiency analysis was carried out using production function analysis by comparing the marginal value productivity from each of the resources with the marginal input cost from each of the resources (profitability ratio). Results indicated scope to increase the use of fertilizer, FYM, and irrigation as additional expenditure on these resources would result in additional return. The summation of the production coefficients indicated increasing returns to scale and scope to increase the use of resources and optimize returns from mulberry cultivation from the current level
Constraints Faced by the Tribal Goat Farmers of Kandhamal District in Odisha, India
No full textGoat rearing is one of the important supplementary activities in tribal areas of our country. It provides emergency income security to the vulnerable tribal farmers besides social status in the community. However, this occupation is associated with many problems at present and the tribal goat farmers are mostly affected. The present study was undertaken to find out the problems encountered by the tribal farmers in goat rearing which affect their livelihood. Kandhamal district of Odisha was purposively selected for the study as this district is highly concentrated with local goats. From randomly selected four blocks of the district, four villages were also selected randomly from each block. Thereafter, seven goat farmers from each village were selected randomly which constitute the sample size of 112 goat farmers for the study. The data for the study was collected personally by the researcher with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. The study employed ex-post facto research design to capture field data. The constraints were ranked by using Garrett\u27s ranking technique. The study revealed that insufficient subsidy and support from government, unavailability of good quality kids to start a farm, tribal farmers lack of exposure to successful goat farms in the nearby area, goat farming as a low caste activity and facing difficulty to sell the goats at door step as major constraints perceived by the tribal goat farmers in rearing goats for their livelihood. The State Animal Husbandry Department may take up the awareness programme to address these issues related to the financial, operational, extension and marketing constraints faced by the tribal goat farmers to support their livelihood as they are most vulnerable section of the society
A Scale to Measure the Perception of Graduates towards Student READY Programme
No full textA scale was developed to measure the perception of graduates towards Student READY Programme (SRP). The Likert’s summated rating scale was followed in the construction of scale. Based on the review of literature and discussion with the expert’s, 49 statements were enlisted. The relevancy rating were sent to 160 scientists and extension specialists working in research institutes of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Agricultural University (SAU) for critical evaluation of statements on a 5 point continuum. Out of 160 judges 66 responded within a period of one month. Based on their judgment 40 statements were isolated in the first stage of screening by finding the relevancy weightage scores. Statements having relevancy weightage of more than 0.70, relevancy percentage of more than 70 per cent and mean relevancy score of more than 3.70 were considered for final selection. By this process, 32 statements were isolated in the first stage of screening, which were suitably modified and rewritten wherever applicable. Eight statements were added as per the comments of experts. Thus finally 40 statements were selected for item analysis. In item analysis the selected statements were administered to 80 agriculture graduates of non-sample area of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Finally a total of 28 statements were selected for the study based on ‘t’ values (> 1.75) resulted from the item analysis and were included in the final scale. The ‘r’ value of the scale was found to be 0.922, which was highly significant at one per cent level indicating the high reliability of the scale. Hence, the scale developed was found to be reliable and valid. The instrument developed to measure the perception of graduates towards Student READY Programme (SRP) can be used by the researchers
Financial Performance of Kerala State Co-operative Coir Marketing Federation Ltd. No.679
No full textAim: Established in the year 1979 as the Apex Federation of primary coir co-operatives functioning in the State, COIRFED plays a pivotal role in the coir sector of the country. It enjoys the unique status of dealing only in biodegradable and nature friendly products. With its headquarters located in the coir capital of the country, Alappuzha, COIRFED is one of the premier organizations in the coir Industry. COIRFED runs 11 factories for producing various coir related products. COIRFED runs around 50 signature shops throughout the country. Due to lack of operational efficiency, underutilization of production capacity, and lack of timely access to labour and raw materials, COIRFED and coir cooperatives are currently in a declining stage (Annual Report of COIRFED, 2019-20). COIRFED\u27s overall performance and operation were based on the marketing of COIRFED products. Improvement is made possible by identifying the causes of loss or ineffective performance. Considering this, the study aimed to analyse the financial performance of COIRFED.
Methodology: For the secondary data, past 10 years data from 2010-2011 to 2019-2020 was collected from the annual reports, websites and publications of COIRFED. Statistical tools like the Ratio analysis were used for the analysis. The study was conducted during the period August to September 2023.
Results: COIRFED has been incurring losses for the past decade, reflecting poor financial performance. Solvency ratios indicate an unstable financial position, posing long-term stability risks. While liquidity and inventory turnover ratios are favorable, the net profit ratio remains consistently negative. Despite sales, COIRFED operates at a loss due to high production costs and debt burdens. As a cooperative, it prioritizes member welfare over profits. The Kerala State Cooperative Coir Marketing Federation struggles with financial challenges despite being the apex coir marketing authority.
Conclusion: COIRFED\u27s financial analysis reveals a decade-long streak of operating losses, signaling poor financial health. Solvency ratios highlight an unstable position with negative implications for its future stability. Though liquidity and inventory turnover ratios are positive, the net profit ratio remains persistently negative. Despite sales revenue, COIRFED struggles with overall losses, prioritizing member welfare over profits due to its cooperative ethos. Heavy debts and high production costs compound its financial woes. The Kerala State Cooperative Coir Marketing Federation, the leading authority in coir product marketing, grapples with financial challenges despite its prominent position
A Comparative Study of Fertilizer Prices Purchased by Farmers from Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) and Other Agencies in Andhra Pradesh
No full textRythu Bharosa Kendras - a one stop solutions for all agriculture & allied issues, was launched by state government of Andhra Pradesh in 2020. It addresses various issues and provide services to the farmers at the village level. Fertilizers are one among the services offered at Rythu Bharosa Kendras. The current study was carried out during the year 2022 and 2023 to find any significant variation in the average price of the fertilizers purchased by the farmers from Rythu Bharosa Kendras versus other agencies in Tirupati and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh. A representative sample of 120 farmers in two districts of Andhra Pradesh i.e., Tirupati and Chittoor were selected for the study. Through a pre-structed interview schedule, prices of fertilizers purchased by the farmers from Rythu Bharosa Kendras vs other agencies were collected. In the study area, other agencies from where farmers purchased fertilizers included private fertilizer wholesalers, retailers, fellow farmers, non-institutional financers, etc. To study the average price comparison, the set of fertilizers that were commonly purchased at Rythu Bharosa Kendras and other agencies were selected. They were Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Muriate of Potash (MOP), N20:P20:K0:S13 (N:P:K:S fertilizer grade), N10:P26:K26 (N:P:K fertilizer grade). From the data collected and through descriptive statistical analysis it was clear that for all the common fertilizers the average amount of fertilizer per bag at Rythu Bharosa Kendras was comparatively lower than that of fertilizers purchased at other agencies. The average price variation of fertilizer per bag at Rythu Bharosa Kendras to other agencies for Urea, DAP, MOP, N20:P20:K0:S13 grade, N10:P26:K26 grade were Rs. 27.5, Rs. 40, Rs. 33, Rs. 44 & Rs. 92 with a variation in percentage by 10.3%, 2.96%, 2.84%, 3.26% & 6.31% respectively. By ensuring the prompt availability of required set of fertilizers in line with the cropping pattern of the farmers and by streamlining the supply chain aspects of fertilizes, especially from fertilizers hub to Rythu Bharosa Kendras, will be beneficial & results in cost optimization to the farmers
Knowledge and Attitude of the Pomegranate Growers about Recommended Cultivation Technology in Pune District of Maharashtra, India
No full textPomegranate is a significant fruit crop in dry and semi-arid locations around the world. It is the most commercially used crop due to its wide adaptability, hardiness, low maintenance cost, consistent high yields, great table purpose, and superior keeping quality. A thorough assessment of the producers\u27 knowledge and attitudes towards enhanced cultivation practices of pomegranate would aid in developing appropriate extension and research programmes to increase farmers knowledge level. The study was done in 2023-2024 to determine farmers\u27 knowledge and attitudes towards recommended farming technology for pomegranate growers in the Pune area of Maharashtra. Data for the study were collected from 10 respondents each from 12 villages in the Haveli and Purandhar talukas of Pune district by using a well-structured interview schedule. A total number of 120 respondents were interviewed and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation technique. Pomegranate growers have medium to high levels of knowledge about approved pomegranate farming technology. Majority of pomegranate producers had a moderate attitude, followed by a high attitude towards recommended pomegranate growing technology. Education, occupation, land holding size, annual income, mass media exposure, risk-bearing capacity, progressiveness, and scientific orientation all influence pomegranate growers\u27 knowledge and attitude level, whereas age, marital status, and type of house have no effect on knowledge of pomegranate growers. Age was negatively influenced by the attitude of farmers. It is recommended that to enhance knowledge and attitude of pomegranate growers, the extension department should implement integrated extension activities, capacity building initiatives etc
An Heuristic Study on Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s Atmanirbhar Nidhi Yojana: Context on a Micro Credit Scheme
No full textThis study looks into the Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor\u27s Atmanirbhar Nidhi Yojana (PM SVANidhi), a micro-credit project, and the awareness, utilization patterns, and difficulties faced by urban mobile street food sellers. The study intends to offer insight on the scheme\u27s effectiveness and reach within this specific group through empirical research and data analysis. In order to obtain thorough insights, the research uses a mixed-methods strategy that combines surveys and interviews. The results show that vendors have different levels of awareness, and that socioeconomic background, bureaucratic obstacles, and information availability all have an impact on how merchants use technology. repayment mechanisms. The abstract underscores the significance of understanding these dynamics to enhance the scheme\u27s efficacy and support the socio-economic empowerment The paper also outlines important obstacles to PM SVANidhi\u27s successful implementation, including as loan repayment procedures, documentation requirements, and financial literacy. The abstract emphasizes the need of studying these mechanisms in order to improve the scheme\u27s efficacy and foster the socioeconomic independence of urban street food vendors
Socio Economic Status of the Beneficiaries of Agricultural Technology Management Agency in Central Part of India
No full textThe Chhatarpur district\u27s Agricultural Technology Management Agency is a society of important players engaged in agricultural operations for the promotion of sustainable agriculture. It is an administrative center for decentralizing the public Agricultural Technology System\u27s daily management and integrating research and extension activities. It is a registered society responsible for technology dissemination at the district level. This study was carried out in Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh state. Ex-post-facto research design was followed in the study. The study found that the majority of the beneficiary respondent in the study area belonged to middle age groups (36 to 50 years) and having education up to middle school and residing in nuclear family system with small size of family (up to 5 members). Majority of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level of social participation. Majority of the respondents were performing agriculture, however majority of them were also engaged in 2 to 3 occupation to support their livelihood. Further majority of the respondents were having marginal farmers (up to 1 ha.). Majority of the beneficiaries were medium level (Rs.100001 to 200000) annual income earnings
Forecasting Tomato Price and Arrival Patterns in Krishi Upaj Mandis, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh using ARIMA Models
No full textSeasonal indices are a statistical method using for explore of seasonal pattern of time series data. Twelve months ratio to moving average method is good for know about pattern of arrival and price around the year. The study was revealed that the peak arrivals season of tomato was found in month August (3084) to October (1767) and Peak price of tomato observed in the month Jun to August months of the year. In this study, for the use of farmers, traders and policy makers, we have made forecasts by most ARIMA Model (Box-Jenkins method) with the help of statistical package R (v 4.1) for a few years in which it was found that the highest arrivals and price in July-August months of the year. It is noticed that the positively relationship between price and arrivals of tomato in Krishi Upaj Mandi, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh. Price of tomato was ranging from the minimum Rs.225/ qtl. to Rs. 9000/qtl. during the last eight years [year 2016-17 to Oct. 2023 (session 2023-24)]. The findings suggest that financial support for off-season protected cultivation and strategic planning in annual budgets can help mitigate price fluctuations
Plant Growth and Yield Dynamics in Tomato Cultivation: Insights from Front Line Demonstrations
No full textThe present study was undertaken to assess the yield gap through Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) on tomato crops. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malkangiri (Odisha), conducted 13 trials on tomatoes in 2015-16 and 2016-17 across different villages. The predominant grower practices were treated as controls, while recommended practices were implemented in demonstration fields. Over the two years, the average yield in the demonstration fields was 622.3 quintals per hectare (q/ha), compared to 305.2 q/ha in the control fields. The average technology gap, representing the difference between potential and actual yields in the demonstration fields, was found to be 377.7 q/ha. The technology index, indicating the percentage deviation from potential yield achieved averaged 37.77%