Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Study of Marketing of Milk in Hardoi District of Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textThe primary objective of this study is to thoroughly examine milk marketing dynamics within Shahabad Block, Hardoi District, Uttar Pradesh, focusing on the different channels used for milk marketing. The research aims to categorize cattle owners, investigate demographic trends among them, and understand how these factors correlate with milk marketing strategies and efficiency. This research employs a descriptive and analytical design to explore various aspects of milk marketing and cattle ownership. The study was conducted in the Shahabad Block of the Hardoi District, Uttar Pradesh, focusing on the current state of milk marketing and cattle ownership demographics. The methodology includes a survey of cattle owners in the Shahabad Block, classifying them into small, medium, and large-scale operations based on the number of cattle owned. The study also assesses the age, gender, education level, and social categories of cattle owners, alongside a comprehensive analysis of milk marketing channels, including costs, pricing spreads, marketing margins, and market efficiency.
The survey found 250 cattle owners, with a predominance of small-scale operations (72%). A significant demographic of cattle owners is young, aged 18-35 (80%), with a notable distribution across male (140) and female (110) owners. Education level shows a correlation with the size of cattle operations, with lower education levels more common among smaller-scale operations. Socioeconomic analysis indicates that small-scale operations prevail across all social categories, including General, OBC, and SC/ST. Marketing analysis reveals a preference for the second channel involving producers, private dairy companies, retailers, and end users, providing insights into marketing efficiency and consumer preferences
Consumer Satisfaction with Food Grains Distributed through Public Distribution Systems in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh- An Economic Analysis
No full textThe study analyzed consumer satisfaction with food grains distributed through the public distribution system in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted for the data collection and information was obtained from 240 respondents. Percentages and Likert’s Scale Technique were used to analyze the level of consumer satisfaction. The survey in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh gauges public perceptions and satisfaction with the Public Distribution System (PDS). Key findings revealed that a notable satisfaction rate in both states regarding the quality of food grains, the helpfulness of PDS dealers, and the functioning of local outlets. While uncertainties persist regarding accessibility, regularity, and quantity sufficiency, the majority of the respondents in both states opined that PDS is significantly contributing to household food security. Respondents express contentment with billing systems, with slightly higher satisfaction in Kerala, and commend the E-POS and biometric systems. Security measures, such as biometric authentication, receive positive feedback. Overall, the survey indicates positive sentiments towards the PDS in both states, highlighting its pivotal role in ensuring food security and meeting public expectations
Extent of Adoption Regarding Recommended Cultivation Practices of Landraces by the Beneficiaries of Global Environment Facilities
No full textThe present study examined the adoption levels among 113 kharif crop growers in Osian tehsil (Jodhpur) and Chohtan tehsil (Barmer) of Rajasthan. Results indicated that 64 respondents (56.64%) exhibited medium adoption, 36 of them (31.86%) showed high adoption, and 13 respondents (11.50%) had low adoption levels of recommended practices. Practice-wise analysis revealed the highest adoption in “Sowing of seed” (87.33 MPS), followed by “Spacing” (85.00 MPS), “Harvesting” (81.67 MPS), and “Storage” (80.00 MPS). Lower adoption rates were observed in “Fertilizer application” (61.33 MPS), “Seed treatment” (67.67 MPS), and “Plant protection measures” (78.67 MPS). Multiple regression analysis of independent variables with adoption showed that family type, income level and social participation had positive relationship with adoption whereas age, caste, occupation, level of education and land holding had negative association with adoption. These findings underscore the varied adoption levels across different practices, highlighting areas for targeted intervention to enhance overall compliance with recommended cultivation techniques
Analysis of “Extreme Poverty” for the special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia
No full textPoverty is a problem experienced in almost every country, including Indonesia. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) document states that by 2030 governments around the world agree to eliminate extreme poverty. The Government of Indonesia has issued Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) Number 4 of 2022 concerning the Acceleration of the Elimination of Extreme Poverty in the context of eliminating extreme poverty throughout Indonesia by 2024. This research was conducted in special region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia using data from the 2022 National Economic Survey (Susenas) using logistic regression. Independent variables are KRT gender, average years of schooling, unemployment rate, PKH subsidy recipients, BPJS PBI participation, disability, uninhabitable houses, chronic diseases, under-five ownership and access to microfinance.The results showed that the gender of the head of household, average length of schooling, unemployment rate, PKH subsidy recipients, BPJS PBI participation, disability, uninhabitable houses, chronic diseases, under-five ownership and access to microfinance significantly affected poor households. But for extreme poor households, only the chronic disease variable did not have a significant effect. Extreme poor households in urban and rural areas also have different characteristics
Skill Development Programs Concerning Backyard Poultry Farming in Arid Regions of Rajasthan, India
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of skill development training programs on the promotion of backyard poultry farming practices in the arid regions of Rajasthan. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a meticulously designed interview schedule and questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant positive impact on various aspects of poultry farming. Notably, 99% of respondents demonstrated an uptake in the timely treatment of sick birds, while 98% adopted practices such as feed formulation at the household level, culling and selection, use of antibiotics, rearing of quality birds, and consulting veterinary doctors. Additionally, 97% of respondents incorporated feed supplements into their practices, and a similar percentage (97%) ensured appropriate feed provision based on the age of the birds. These results underscore the effectiveness of skill development training programs in enhancing the adoption of best practices in backyard poultry farming within the challenging arid environment of Rajasthan. The analysis of the collected data further revealed a consistent adoption index across various aspects of backyard poultry farming practices. Specifically, a noteworthy adoption rate of 92% was observed for the segregation of diseased birds, record-keeping, and de-beaking. However, a slightly lower adoption rate of 88% was noted for feed supplement usage.
The data indicated that the maximum gain in adoption was observed in the practice of consulting veterinary doctors, with an impressive rate of 85%. Following closely were the practices of segregating diseased birds (84%), feed formulation at the household level, and rearing of quality birds (82%). Additionally, high adoption rates were observed for record-keeping (81%) and feed supplement use (79%). Post-mortem examinations conducted by veterinary doctors on deceased birds also showed a substantial adoption rate of 77%. It is noteworthy that while the majority of practices demonstrated significant gains, culling exhibited a comparatively lower adoption rate of 53%. This suggests that there may be factors influencing the reluctance or challenges associated with the implementation of culling practices among the respondents.
Overall, the findings underscore the positive impact of the training programs on the farmers\u27 knowledge enhancement and their familiarity with advanced poultry farming technologies. The consistent adoption across multiple practices highlights the effectiveness of the training in empowering farmers to incorporate improved techniques into their backyard poultry farming endeavors
Has the Consumer Perception Changed? An Overview of Consumer Behavior towards Organized Retail Sectors in Kolkata, India
No full textThe research paper focuses on the change of consumers’ perception towards purchasing different commodities in the organized retail outlets of Kolkata. The study revealed that the behaviour of a consumer towards a particular outlet mainly depends upon factors like product availability, spending pattern, sales man services, store layout etc. The research shows that currently a large section of consumers is attracted towards the organised retail outlets because of wide range of services like variety of payment options provided by the store, visibility of the billing counter, wide range of brands availability, quality of the products, and better service at the store have majorly attributed to preference of organized retail store over the unorganized outlets. Also, parameters like visibility of display of MRP, discount offers, quality of service at the organized store, trolley service facilities etc. are some of the reasons of inclination of consumers towards organized retail stores as compared to traditional retail formats. The study has found mostly the younger generation consumers are tending to have a tendency towards making new experiences mainly for groceries and have an urge to make spontaneous purchases compared to older generation of consumers. Apart from the positive aspects, the study also observed a bunch of constraints that restricts a consumer from going to an organized retail store which are the factors like lower budget, inability of the lower income group of people due to financial constraints, lack of advertisements, unavailability of low-priced products, most of the necessary products being easily available in the traditional markets, illiteracy etc. are some of the major constraints found in the study which have contributed to 19.48% of variance and has been further renamed as consumers perception by using the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) method
Growth and Instability Analysis of Coconut in Kerala and India
No full textThe present study was carried out to analyze the growth trends and to observe magnitude of variations in area, production and productivity of coconut in India, Kerala and two major coconut growing districts (Kozhikode and Malappuram) of Kerala. This study is based on secondary data on area, production and productivity of coconut in India, Kerala and two districts of Kerala state collected from the website of Coconut Development Board (CDB) for a period of 20 years, i.e., from 2000-01 to 2019-20. The study used averages, coefficient of variation, instability index and compound annual growth rate for the analysis of the data. The growth trend was estimated using Compound Annual Growth Rate while the instability was measured using Cuddy Della Valle Instability index with the aid of coefficient of variation. The entire study period was further divided into two sub-periods: Period I (2000-01 to 2009-10) and Period II (2010-11 to 2019-20). The results of the growth rate analysis indicated that the highest growth rate was observed in production (3.85 %) followed by productivity (3.07 %) and area (0.75 %) at one per cent level of significance in the overall period in India. Whereas in Kerala, the area (-1.05 %) and production (-0.49 %) registered negative growth in the overall study period, but the productivity (0.57 %) showed a positive growth rate which was significant at five per cent level of probability. The results of the instability index reveal that the production of coconut in India experienced a highest variation of 10.59 per cent, followed by productivity (9.89 %) and area (3.36 %). Similarly, in Kerala, the instability index was found to be highest in production (11.12 %) followed by productivity (7.57 %) and area (5.71 %)
Constraints of Sugarcane Farmers During Cultivation and Marketing in Kerala, India
No full textThe study analysed the constraints faced by farmers during cultivation and marketing of sugarcane in Kerala. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted for the data collection and information was obtained from 120 sugarcane farmers and 10 marketing intermediaries. The farmers ranked and used Garrett\u27s ranking technique to analyze the main production and marketing constraints. The major production constraints identified were wild animal and rodent attack, followed by shortage of labour and high labour cost, high cost of inputs and delay in harvesting. Price fluctuations of sugarcane and absence of regulated markets were major marketing constraints. Valuable suggestions were implementing effective measures to mitigate wildlife damage, government should purchase farmers products at reasonable price
Impact of Demographic Factors on Financial Inclusion in Pondicherry Union Territory
No full textFinancially excluded people are those who do not have any access to the banking services. Financially exclusion can be a broad concept related to a lack of access to a range of financial services or a narrow concept reflecting particular circumstances such as geographical exclusion, exclusion on the grounds that charges and prices are prohibitively high, or exclusion from marketing efforts. The case firm (Indian Bank) wanted to increase the usage of financial facilities under financial inclusion by large number of socially disadvantage people. The entire Pondicherry region was selected for the study as the Indian Bank is the lead bank in that region and 3 per cent of the sample respondents were aware of banking services, followed by 15 per cent of respondents feel that there was improvement in savings and financial management ability.60 per cent of sample respondents responded that their income level had increased to the extent of 500 rupees, followed by 38 per cent of respondents responded that their income level has increased to the range of Rs.500 and Rs.1000 rupees and merely two per cent said their income rose above rupees 1000. Even though all the respondents possessed the no-frill account, it was found that majority were not utilizing it effectively. 60 per cent of sample respondents feel that lack of knowledge as a constraint, followed by 21 per cent and 17 per cent feel that taking insurance through insurance firm was easier and there is no sufficient service from banks as insurance firms respectively. Content of service provided got the maximum score and ranked as first, followed by procedure of availing credit which was ranked second and Other factors were ranked by the respondents in the following order, rate of interest, timeliness of credit availability, treatment of respondents by bank officials and sufficiency of credit
Factors Influencing Occupational Perception of Agricultural Undergraduates towards Agriculture as a Profession
No full textIndia\u27s economy heavily relies on agriculture, with a significant portion of the population dependent on it for their livelihood. Despite its potential for agribusiness, youth interest in agriculture is waning. Engaging and retaining young people in this sector is crucial for future food security. This study examines the determinants affecting the occupational perception of agriculture undergraduates towards agriculture as a profession. Understanding these relationships is vital for supporting the farming community in the future. A sample of 120 final-year B.Sc. Agriculture students were selected using random sampling from Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, and Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to the respondents. Statistical tools like correlation coefficient and chi-square analysis were used to test the relationship between variables. From the study, it was found that family monthly income, landholding, and family background were significantly correlated with the perception of agricultural undergraduates towards agriculture as a profession. Additionally, there was an association between respondents’ family size and their perception of agriculture as a profession. To boost agriculture graduates’ engagement in agriculture, the government should prioritize improving the financial and social conditions of agricultural families and increasing awareness of agribusiness opportunities among agricultural graduates