Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Patron-Client in Socio Economic Relations of Fisherman in the Coastal Area of Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia
No full textThe existence of patrons (juragan) in fishing communities is very strong because patrons are people of a higher socio-economic level. Meanwhile, worker fishermen (clients) who do not have fishing equipment or boats are forced to work for patrons by borrowing boats and their fishing equipment. The aim of this research is to describe and interpret the characteristics of the socio-economic relations between patrons (juragan) and fishermen workers (clients) who live in the coastal area of Kotakarang District, Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia. This type of research was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. Data collection techniques through observation or field observations and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was used by looking at observation notes supported by collected research photo documentation which was then analyzed using qualitative analysis. The research results showed that the fishing community carried out fishing activities using fishing gear. In its operation, it requires the help of a motorboat which is an asset owned by the boss. Apart from that, the patrons also provides operational capital assistance for working fishermen at sea. Therefore, the socio-economic position of the skipper is higher than that of the worker fisherman, so they have a very large level of influence and dependence. With this support, fishermen workers feel emotionally indebted, causing them to obey and obey their patrons as owners of capital. However, even though working fishermen continue to work hard, the fact is that they are still faced with economic problems, so that in these conditions the boss will be present to provide compensation assistance to solve the problems they are facing. Therefore, the socio-economic relationship between bosses and fishermen will continue because it is mutually beneficial for both of them
Performance of Groundnut Markets in Karnataka, India: An Economic Analysis
No full textSpatial market integration refers to a situation in which the price of the commodity in spatially separated markets moves together and price signals and information are transmitted smoothly. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial price linkages between groundnut markets in Karnataka using monthly price data of groundnut (2002- 2022). The required secondary data were collected from published reports of APMC’s, Krishimaratavahini etc. For the study top ten groundnut markets such as Yadgir, Laxmeshwar, Raichur, Ballari, Challakere, Hubbali, Gadag, Mundargi, Chitradurga and Kottur were selected based on groundnut arrivals. The study uses Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Johansen co-integration, Granger causality test and Vector error correction model (VECM) to fulfil the objectives of the study. The study revealed that all the price series of the groundnut market were found to be non-stationery at level and stationery at first difference except Kottur market. There is a bidirectional causation relationship in price transmission among all chosen groundnut markets except Yadgir-Raichur, Ballari-Raichur, Challakere-Raichur, Gadag-Raichur, Mundargi-Raichur, Kottur-Raichur, Challakere-Ballari where prices influenced unidirectional. Five out of the ten markets were cointegrated at a significance level of 5 per cent indicating that the chosen groundnut markets had long-run equilibrium relationships. The results revealed that the trace statistics values of groundnut markets viz, 361.49, 267.84, 196.54, 146.72 and 101.41 were found to be higher than compared to critical values indicating the existence of five co-integrating equations between selected groundnut markets. The error correction term of groundnut markets indicated that the Error Correction terms of Yadgir, Raichur, Ballari and Kottur markets were found to be significant and negative depicting that the change in the price of groundnut in Yadgir, Raichur, Ballari and Kottur market have influenced and have an impact on the price of other groundnut markets in the long run period
Preference of Using ICT over Extension Agents in Accessing Agricultural Information by Farmers in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Kitui West Sub-County, Kenya
No full textInformation Communication and Technology (ICT), specifically Radio and Television are potential knowledge dissemination channels. This study investigated the usage of radio and Television compared to extension agents as sources of agricultural knowledge among farmers in Kitui West Sub County, Kenya. Specifically, the study identified that farmers potentially use radio and television as major sources of agricultural knowledge more than extension agents. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design. The target population was 19,970 smallholder maize farmers and the estimated sample size was 350. Proportionate clustered random sampling was used to select respondents in order to ensure reasonable representation of the population. Data was collected using two instruments namely; Researcher administered questionnaire for farmers and focus group discussion guide. The collected data was managed with computer program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 21.0). Questionnaire instrument used provided quantitative data which was analysed using descriptive statistics namely; frequencies and percentages while focus group discussion guide instrument used to provide qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Results were presented by use of a table. The study therefore concludes that farmers mostly use ICT mostly Radio in obtaining agricultural information. The study recommends to the County government to engage and fund the various information sources including public, private extension officers and local media especially radio and television to increase passing of information to the farmers
Assessing Work-life Balance among Women Professionals: A Quantitative Analysis
No full textOn one hand, the new period has seen many achievements and technological developments, while on the other hand, it has seen many concerns linked to the environment, as well as people\u27s physical and mental health. Occupational life is a multifaceted construct that has been influenced by a variety of factors. When considering the employee, work-life balance is determined to be the most significant variable affecting the employee and, as a result, the business. As more women enter the workforce across various industries, the need to address the challenges they face in balancing their professional careers with personal responsibilities becomes increasingly pertinent. The present study was conducted in the year 2025 with a sample of 60 working women. The study adopts a qualitative approach to gather insights into the experiences and perceptions of working women regarding work-life balance. Data was collected through an online survey, and secondary data was used to write the introduction and review of literature. The scale on the work-life balance of working women professionals proposed by Sharma et al. in 2019 in their book was adopted to study the work-life balance of women working in government or private sectors. A general schedule was prepared to study the socio-personal profile of the respondents. This study helps to identify their opinion towards work-life balance. The data was analyzed through frequency and percentages. The results indicated that most of the respondents belonged to the young and middle age group. Regarding education, most of them studied up to degree and all most all belonged to nuclear family and more than half of them were unmarried. Regarding social participation, almost all the respondents occasionally or regularly attend marriage and naming ceremonies, fairs, festivals, etc., and with respect to mass media participation majority of the respondents expressed that they regularly watch television and use mobile phones, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc. Regarding the work-life balance of working women, 23 statements were asked to each and every respondent. The answers were expressed as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree, respectively. The study concluded that employee motivation, flexible working circumstances, welfare and recreational activities, work and overall life space, job enrichment, grievance management, job satisfaction, and family support were identified as eight major characteristics based on factor analysis. If a woman who is responsible for all household responsibilities while still giving her all in her work life is happy and healthy, it will result in a balanced existence for all family members and peers who are related to her. Achieving work-life balance among working women professionals requires a combination of personal strategies, employer support, and societal changes. It is a shared responsibility to create an environment where women can thrive both in their careers and personal lives
Invisible Labour, Tangible Gains: The Economic Value of Imputed Labour in Women’s Joint Liability Groups
No full textThe study titled “Invisible Labour, Tangible Gains: The Economic Value of Imputed Labour in Women’s Joint Liability Groups" examines the profitability of group farming through Joint Liability Groups, with specific focus on labour productivity. As JLGs, primarily formed by women interested in farming, engage in collective agricultural activities, the study investigates the role of imputed labour—unpaid contributions from group members—and its direct impact on economic outcomes. By employing the Cost A method for examining the production cost and calculating total revenue based on market prices and cultivated quantities of paddy, banana, and vegetables, the study provides a comprehensive financial assessment. Using multi-stage stratified random sampling, data was gathered from 170 JLGs, and statistical analyses, including ANOVA and post hoc tests, confirm that the dedication of group members through imputed labour significantly enhances profitability. The findings highlight the crucial role of imputed labour in the success of farming, offering valuable insights for policy-making and strategies to improve agricultural sustainability and economic viability of women farmers
Constraints and Suggestions Opined by Grape Export Farmers in Production, Marketing, and Export from Marathwada Region of Maharashtra, India
No full textThe study investigates the constraints and suggestions related to the establishment, cultivation, marketing, and export of grapes from Marathwada region of Maharashtra as opined by grape growers of different farm sizes (small, medium, and large). Data were collected using well constructed questionnaires and analyzed to identify key challenges and proposed solutions. Across all farm sizes, high cost of inputs emerged as the most severe constraint (100% respondents across all categories). Other major cultivation challenges included heavy rains and winds during flowering, lack of technical guidance, labour shortages with high wages, non-availability of quality grafts, and high pest and disease incidence. In marketing and export, the exploitation by middlemen was the most significant issue (96.66% overall), followed by lack of cold storage, high commission charges, delayed payments, insufficient post-harvest knowledge, lack of processing units, and unavailability of refrigerated vans. Suggestions opined by farmers, To mitigate cultivation constraints, farmers across all groups emphasized that inputs should be provided at lower costs (98.33% overall), along with compensation for climate-related damages, training for pest and disease control, improved nurseries, mechanization, and technical support from experts. Similarly suggestions opined for marketing and export, the most frequent suggestion was that the government should declare grape prices (99.16%), followed by reduction in commission charges, quick sales payments, improved access to refrigerated vans, affordable cold storage, post-harvest training, and development of processing industries
Dynamics of Soybean Production in Buldhana District of Maharashtra, India
No full textSoybean is a major oilseed crop in the state of Maharashtra and Buldhana is considered as the largest producer district of Soybean crop in Maharashtra. Buldhana district contributes to a major share in the total area under Soybean cultivation as well as total Soybean production in Maharashtra which is among the largest producers of Soybean in India. The research was aimed to study the dynamics of change in production of Soybean crop. The study was used to analyse the effect of area and yield over the production of Soybean. The research was carried out in Buldhana district of Maharashtra for it contributed to the total share of 9.66 per cent in area and 13.65 per cent in the production of Soybean. The study was carried out for the period of 15 years from 2007-08 to 2021-22. The study was based on the time series data collected from authorized government sources on area, production and Yield of Soybean in Buldhana district for the duration of 15 years. Buldhana district in 2022-23, had the area under Soybean cultivation of 445955 hectare and the production of 792435 tonnes. The research used additive decomposition model as the research tool to determine the impact of area and yield over the increase or decrease in Soybean production. In, the area effect and yield effect were calculated to determine the change in production of Soybean. The study also revealed the contribution of each effect over the change in production to determine the drivers behind the increase or decrease in production of Soybean in Buldhana district of Maharashtra. The area effect and yield effect were calculated for individual year. The present research reveals that, the yield effect contributed 84.88 percent to the change in production of Soybean in Buldhana district of Maharashtra while the remaining 15.12 percent was due to the area effect. Hence, the yield effect was the driving factor behind the increase or decrease in production of Soybean in Buldhana district of Maharashtra over the study period. It was concluded that, with the average annual growth of 29 per cent and the contribution of 84.88 percent, yield effect contributed a major share to the growth in production of 34.17 per cent in Buldhana district of Maharashtra. It was concluded that, though the yield of Soybean was observed to be increasing, it is not consistent and hence, it has become necessary to stabilize the yield of Soybean in Buldhana district as well as Maharashtra as a whole
Effect of Fertilizer Subsidy Policy on Rice Productivity: A Cross-sectional Survey among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Western Kenya
No full textRice farming remains an important pillar of Kenya\u27s economy due to its positive impact on increasing household food security, raising farmers’ income, and providing employment. However, domestic rice production still falls short of demand. This study aimed to assess the effect of Kenya’s National Fertilizer Subsidy Program (NFSP) on rice productivity in Western Kenya. An analytic cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 480 randomly selected rice farmers in Kisumu and Busia counties. Rice yield per acre was used as the productivity measure. Fertilizer use was categorized into four groups: subsidized, unsubsidized, both, and none. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, ANOVA, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Farmers using both subsidized and unsubsidized fertilizers achieved the highest mean yield of 3.09 t/acre. In irrigated areas (n=62), this group recorded 3.17 t/acre, while in rain-fed areas (n=26), they achieved 2.91 t/acre. The combined fertilizer group had a significantly higher yield overall (mean = 3.01 t/acre; p < 0.05) compared to the other categories. It has been established that, combining subsidized and unsubsidized fertilizers gives higher rice yields. Enhancing fertilizer access, improving distribution systems, and promoting best practices in both irrigated and rain-fed ecosystems can boost rice productivity in Kenya
Analysis of the Level of Preference of Soybean Producers with Agribusiness Cluster (ABC) Services in Benin
No full textBackground: Contract farming provides many farmers with access to high-value crop markets, mitigating the risk of price fluctuations. However, a common perception is that the legal framework for contract farming is weak, often leading to the manipulation of farmers. Households involved in contract farming express dissatisfaction with the system\u27s performance, often feeling disillusioned
Aims: The present study analyzes producers\u27 preferences for the services offered by Agribusiness Clusters.
Study Design: A structured questionnaire was administered to 360 soybean producers using the KoboCollect application. The questionnaire was designed using the Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) method in R software.
Methodology: A Mixed Multinomial Logit model was used to analyze the quantitative field data, also employing BWS modeling. A simple random sampling was used to identify the smallholders for this research.
Results: The results indicated that credit, machinery, technical support, training, and seeds are the services most preferred by producers, while the provision of inputs was less favored. The analyses also revealed that technical training held the largest market share of services with 9.61%, followed by agricultural machinery 9.37%, technical support 9.25%, and agricultural credit 8.78%. Finally, a random effect was observed among producers regarding certain service options, such as initial training and agricultural credit. These findings could inform the implementation and scaling up of Agribusiness Clusters by prioritizing service options like technical support, training, and facilitating access to agricultural credit.
Conclusion: Policymakers should also consider de-emphasizing agricultural inputs, specifically chemical fertilizers and plant protection products. The ultimate recommendation is for policymakers to better structure the market for producers within agribusiness clusters (ABC)
Utilization Pattern of Paddy Residue Management Techniques (PRMT) by Paddy Farmers in Eluru District, Andhra Pradesh
No full textThe utilization pattern of PRMT by paddy farmers was studied in Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh, which was purposively selected due to its significant contribution to paddy cultivation and residue generation. The study was conducted from oct 2024 to june 2025 to understand the adoption levels and improve sustainable residue management practices. Three mandals viz. Bhimadolu, Denduluru, and Pedapadu were selected randomly, and a total of 120 farmers were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The results revealed that little more than three-fifths (61.66%) of the paddy farmers had the medium utilization pattern followed by low (20.83%) and high (17.51%) utilization pattern of PRMT. Traditional techniques emerged as the most prominent, secured the highest index score of 73.40 followed by field techniques ranked second with a score of 62.26, whereas recent interventions ranked third with an index score of 56.94 and industrial techniques with a score of 49.65 claimed the fourth position. The study aims to assess the utilization patterns and management strategies of paddy residue adopted by farmers to ensure effective policy formulation, strengthen extension strategies and encourage environmentally sustainable practices that enhance both agricultural productivity and resource conservation. It provides insights on the factors that facilitate and hinder the adoption of PRMT, bridging the gap between environmental sustainability goals and grassroots agriculture practices