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A Review of Silo Temperature Field Studies
No full textSilo is a large thin-walled structure, due to the operation period will be affected by different temperatures, such as sunshine temperature difference, seasonal temperature difference and the temperature difference between inside and outside the silo wall, of which the most influential is the sunshine temperature difference, silo due to the unevenness of the temperature distribution is prone to stress concentration and more likely to occur damage. This paper briefly introduces the three-dimensional heat transfer theory and ASHRAE solar radiation model, and discusses in detail the research progress of different experts and scholars at China and abroad on the temperature effect of silos. Finally, it is concluded that there are fewer temperature regulations in China codes, and there is a need to develop a perfect temperature theory to prevent silos from damage caused by temperature inhomogeneity
The Impact of Bio and Mineral Fertilization on Plant Growth and Root Nodulation in Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr
No full textA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing fungus in combination with graded levels of chemical fertilizers on growth and root nodulation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Treatments comprising of: dual inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum @ 25 g/kg seed and phosphate solubilizing fungus @ 10 g/kg seed in conjunction with application of recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; dual inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing fungus in combination with application of 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus and 100% of recommended dose of potash; seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing fungus in conjunction with recommended dose of fertilizers and; the treatment consisting of seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in conjunction with recommended dose of fertilizers had profound effect on growth and root nodulation in soybean. However, the treatment comprising of dual inoculation of seed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing fungus in conjunction with application of 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus and 100% of recommended dose of potash was most economical, since it caused 25% savings in nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers
Utilizing the Susceptible Infectious Susceptible (sis) Model to Evaluate the Risk for Waterborne Parasites to Spread through Household Water Sources in Bamenda, Cameroon
No full textThis research presents a distributed continuous-time epidemic model, called a SUSCEPTIBLE INFECTIOUS SUSCEPTIBLE- SIS model to denote a waterborne disease spreading over a network of different domestic waters sources such as tap water, well water and spring water in the understanding of infectious pathogens in the Municipality of Bamenda. It involves multiple groups of individuals sharing a water source which comprises the population in the communities or quarter of Upstation mile 1, Nkwen, Mankon and Nsongwa in and around this urban area. A sufficient condition is obtained for the healthy state, at which all individuals are not infected and the water is not contaminated, to be globally asymptotically stable. The effects of the shared water source on the disease spreading were analyzed through the comparison of the basic reproduction number with the networked SIS model without water and demonstrated via simulations. It was realized that human activities and generally anthropogenic influences contaminate these water sources making individuals of this localities to become susceptible to waterborne infections. The characterization and identification of intestinal parasites reveal that, those who consume these contaminated water were infected and these infected individuals intend re-contaminate the environment including water bodies and or food thereby by making the population and uninfected individuals susceptible to waterborne diseases in the community
Impact of Aqueduct on Environment and Countermeasures
No full textNowadays, China\u27s development is becoming increasingly comprehensive, and the connections between regions are becoming increasingly close. The demand for aqueduct construction is growing daily. In aqueduct construction, people are not only concerned about the quality of construction but are also increasingly focusing on the impact on the environment during the construction process. This article evaluates and prevents the environmental impact of aqueduct construction from various aspects during the construction process
Coordinated Regulation: Interplay between Ethylene and ABA in Fruit Ripening and Development
No full textRipening is crucial for seed dispersal and the survival of plants. Both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits exhibit fleshy characteristics. Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) enhance respiration in climacteric fruits such as apples and pears during ripening. Non-climacteric fruits, such as strawberries, primarily ripen in response to abscisic acid (ABA). Recent studies indicate that ethylene and ABA interact in complex ways to regulate fruit ripening. Research on climacteric fruits, such as tomatoes, has identified ethylene biosynthesis genes, including LeACS1, LeACS2, and LeACO1. These genes are crucial for ethylene synthesis and exhibit increased expression in response to ABA supplementation. Abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes in bananas and berries, thereby facilitating the ripening process. In berries, endogenous ethylene activates the VvNCED1 gene, leading to the production of ABA, thereby illustrating their reciprocal relationship. Ethylene and ABA exhibit either synergistic or antagonistic interactions depending on the specific context, representing a significant finding in this area of study. Ethylene has the capacity to inhibit ABA signaling pathways, thereby delaying stomatal closure, as demonstrated in studies utilizing ethylene signaling mutants such as eto-1 (an ethylene over-producing mutant) and etr1-1 or ein3-1 (ethylene-insensitive mutants). Ethylene and ABA potentially influence physiological processes through a complex hormonal interplay. Ripening is regulated by hormones and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light. The aforementioned factors substantially influence the biosynthesis and activity of ripening hormones, enzymes, and pigments. Advancements in agricultural technology facilitate precise post-harvest management of these factors, thereby optimizing fruit quality and extending shelf life. Research into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of ripening has led to an expansion of innovation. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 to target ripening-related genes allows researchers to improve fruit characteristics, extend shelf life, and minimize post-harvest losses. Modifications in ethylene and ABA biosynthesis or signaling pathways can yield fruits with customized ripening timelines for international food markets. Examining the evolutionary significance of ripening reveals the adaptations of plants\u27 reproductive strategies to various ecological niches. Ripening enhances seed dispersal and viability in optimal conditions. The investigation of these processes is essential because of their ecological and agricultural implications. Fruit ripening research demonstrates the interaction between ethylene and ABA, elucidating a complex hormonal network that integrates genetic, biochemical, and environmental signals. This research has the potential to transform fruit cultivation and storage, thereby enhancing global food security and sustainability initiatives. Future research will employ advanced technologies to enhance the understanding of plant development and adaptation
Leveraging Deep Learning Algorithms for Predicting Power Outages and Detecting Faults: A Review
No full textPower outage prediction and fault detection play crucial roles in ensuring the reliability and stability of electrical power systems. Traditional methods for predicting power outages and detecting faults rely on rule-based approaches and statistical analysis, which often fall short of accurately capturing the complex patterns and dynamics of power systems. Deep learning algorithms, with their ability to learn automatically representations from large amounts of data, have emerged as promising solutions for addressing these challenges. In this literature review, we present an overview of deep learning algorithms applied to power outage prediction and fault detection. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the uses, effectiveness and advantages and disadvantages of utilizing deep learning algorithms in this domain. Various deep-learning models were explored in the context of power outage prediction and fault detection. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are effective in analyzing spatial dependencies and patterns in power system data, such as voltage levels and load distributions. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), particularly Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, excel in capturing temporal dependencies and patterns in time series data such as power demand and line currents. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) offer a unique approach by generating synthetic power system data for training purposes. This literature review involve collecting historical power system data from various sites. Deep-learning algorithms demonstrated promising results in power outage prediction and fault detection. It achieved a high accuracy rate of 95% in predicting power outages and accurately classified various fault types with an average precision of 92%. The findings highlight the advantages of deep learning algorithms in power outage prediction and fault detection. This literature review provides a comprehensive review of deep learning algorithms in the context of power outage prediction and fault detection
Handicraft Sector in India: An Instrument for Rural Economic Growth and Women Empowerment
No full textNowadays, the Indian government is paying more attention to handicraft products and promoting handicraft artisans. Indian handicraft has so much potential to generate employment and income. Data is used from the 3rd and 4th handloom census and the Export Promotion Council of Handicraft (EPCH). This paper tries to explore the workforce participation of handloom workers and the export performance of handicraft products. A major finding in this paper is that Indian handicrafts is rural and women-based industries. About 25 lakh women and 27 lakh rural workers are engaged out of 31 lakh workers. Major contributing states are Assam, West Bengal, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Also, observed that worker engagement has risen over decades. In 2021, a total of 4.3 billion US dollars in handicraft products were exported from India. The USA is the main trading partner of handicraft products. And it also shows that the share of export of every handicraft product has increased in past years, therefore, we can undoubtedly say that Indian handicraft is the future of the world handicraft market, especially in the aspect of employment and income. Hence, it concludes that Indian handicraft industries are instruments of rural growth and women empowerment
Development of Procedures in Designing Blended Learning Integrated Soft Skills in Higher Education
No full textBlended learning is a teaching approach that combines face-to-face and online learning, requiring instructors to design instruction that considers the combination and timing of both types of learning. The integration of these approaches aims to achieve learning goals. Thus, there is a need for a guide to assist instructors in designing valid, practical, and effective blended learning experiences. This study follows an Educational Design Research (EDR) methodology, which includes preliminary research, a prototyping phase, and an assessment phase, following the Plomp model. The research instruments used in this study include validation sheets, implementation assessment sheets completed by subjects, and participant response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using techniques to assess validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The analysis results indicate that all instruments fall within the valid category. The evaluation of practicality based on participant response questionnaires yielded an overall score of 80%, indicating practicality. The evaluation of effectiveness for the assessment of the design created by the subjects showed excellent results. Participant responses were positive, and the data on the impact of the design structure on new knowledge and skills indicated that participants effectively applied the acquired knowledge and skills. Therefore, the soft skills-oriented blended learning design in higher education has met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness
Impact of Drought on Sorghum Production and Its Adaptation Strategies in Baki District, Awdal Region, Somaliland
No full textThe main objective of the study was to determine the impact of the drought on sorghum production and its adaptation strategies to overcome the impacts. The sorghum farmers of the Baki and Ruqi villages under the Baki districts were the respondents of the study. the study was conducted from 16 February 2022 – 1 January 2023, from the population, the study selected 109 sample sizes to represent the population by using the Slovin formula with the maximum acceptable error of 5%. The sampling procedure was non-probability particularly purposive sampling. fifteen major drought impacts faced by sorghum farmers were identified in the study. A four-point rating scale was used to measure the extent of drought impact, and based on the scale score, the farmers were categorized. Moreover, Drought Impact Index (DII) was calculated to rank the selected impacts. the highest proportion of sorghum farmers (78 percent) faced high drought impacts on the production of sorghum. Among the 15 selected drought impact the highest drought impact index (DII) was found for ‘Crop failure’ which is (DII 327) and the lowest was “increase the unemployment” with a score of (DII 279). The most prioritized suggestion adaptation strategies regarding the solution of the drought impacts were “Drought-tolerant crop varieties” followed by “Use of short-duration crop varieties” “water harvest for irrigation use”, and “weather forecasts and early warnings system”. The study recommends the adaptation of drought-resistant crop varieties, short-duration crops, the establishment of weather forecasts and early warning systems, and water harvesting for irrigation use to adapt the climatic shocks
An Ethnographic Study on Clergymen Concerning the Aetiology and Management of Mental Illness in South Western Nigeria
No full textBackground: The clergy plays an important role in the care of mentally ill people in developing countries because of the predominant belief that supernatural factors are responsible for mental illness and spiritual healers are sought by the mentally ill and/or their relatives for treatment. This study aimed to assess clergymen’s beliefs about the etiology and treatment of mental illnesses in southwest Nigeria.
Methods: The study was qualitative design and ethnographic in nature, conducted on one hundred and forty-eight clergymen at the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A convenient sampling technique was used and Self-administered questionnaires to obtain sociodemographic details. An In-depth/Semi-structured interview involving Focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) was used for the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The sociodemographic variables were presented on a frequency table.
Results: The study involved hundred and forty-eight respondents with male preponderance. From the focus group discussion and key informant interview, respondents believed that mental illness depends on the victim’s predispositions and could as well result from spiritual attacks directly or indirectly through or from ancestral lineage, genetic factors, or evil forces. Although most of the respondents argued that mental illness is caused solely by spiritual attacks and can only be treated by spiritual means like an exorcism. However, the majority believed that a holistic approach to treatment must involve the spiritual, psychological and medical.
Conclusion: The factor of theological education shines through in the definition, recognition, treatment, the concept of cure and clergy role in the management and community advocacy for mental illness although within the context of cultural beliefs of supernatural etiology of mental illness. With improved knowledge and their holistic approach to care, the clergymen will be able to effectively work with the orthodox medical practitioners in a wholesome way through an effective referral system, ensuring compliance, rehabilitation and banishing discrimination