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Examining the Role of NGOs in Women\u27s Empowerment
No full textWomen\u27s empowerment plays proving vital role in sustainable rural and urban development by uplifting the social, economic, and political status of women in India, as it promotes equality, enhances individual potential, and leads to a more inclusive society. This paper explores the dynamic role of NGOs in the empowerment and upliftment of women in the Indian context, highlighting their contribution through various programs and field interventions. Women\u27s empowerment leads to a self-sustainable society where women contribute actively in all spheres of life. NGOs play a substantial role in this process by providing basic education, vocational training, promoting self-employment, self-awareness programs, and legal literacy. Their outreach often exceeds that of government agencies, especially in remote and marginalised areas. The main concern remains the upliftment of women in society, addressing their needs holistically. NGOs have shown a tremendous capacity to bring about positive and lasting changes in the lifestyle of women. They help women become independent, self-motivated, and capable of making their own decisions. Furthermore, NGOs increase literacy levels, improve access to healthcare, and ensure socio-political inclusion. However, NGOs are putting across their difficulty in finding adequate, appropriate and continuous funding for their voluntary work. They find accessing donors as a challenging task, dealing with their funding conditions. Though they are legally constituted organisations, in which Government representatives are not present as members of the organisation and may or may not be funded by the Government. To make gender equality a reality, NGOs must continue their multifaceted work toward women\u27s empowerment
Utilization and Economic Potential of Tea Waste: A Case of Assam Tea Economy
No full textTea is the second most widely consumed beverage in the world after water. Assam plays a pivotal role in its global supply as Assam produces more than half of India’s total tea output. While the industry generates substantial revenue and employment, it also produces large volumes of tea waste in the form of stalks, stems, off-grades, fannings, and rejects. These wastes are often underutilized or discarded. Such waste represents a lost opportunity for value addition within the tea economy. Globally, tea by-products are increasingly being valorized into products such as bio-fertilizers, biochar, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, packaging materials, and animal feed. This creates a potential opportunity for Assam to integrate tea waste into its agribusiness value chains. This paper explores the magnitude of tea waste in Assam. The paper tries to identify opportunities for its utilization based on global best practices, and assesses the economic and environmental potential of tea waste valorization. The study is based on secondary data and literature review that positions tea waste as a strategic raw material that could contribute to circular economy transitions, rural entrepreneurship, and sustainable livelihoods. Findings suggest that tea waste valorization can diversify Assam’s tea economy, reduce environmental footprints, and generate new income streams for small growers and cooperatives. However, challenges related to technology adoption, awareness, and policy support remain critical. The paper concludes with recommendations for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and research institutions to transform Assam’s tea waste into an engine of agribusiness innovation
Chemical Analyses and Cost of Production of Probiotic Ambil Using Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Flour
No full text“The present study was conducted to assess the quality parameters of Finger millet-based probiotic Ambil incorporated with probiotic Curd containing Lactobacillus casei. It was conducted at the Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli (M.S.). To The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of probiotic Curd (25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%) with 6% finger millet flour on the chemical composition and cost of production. Chemically, T3 also showed notable increases in total solids, protein, fat, ash, and crude fiber content. Cost analyses revealed a gradual increase in production cost with rising levels of probiotic Curd, with the T3 treatment costing Indian Rs. 42.66 per litre. This study demonstrates the potential of probiotic Curd (L. casei) in enhancing the nutritional and sensory qualities of traditional Ambil, offering a novel functional food alternative for health-conscious consumers
A Comprehensive Review on Seismic Resistance and Damping of Prestressed Lining in Water Conveyance Tunnels
No full textPrestressed concrete linings enhance the crack resistance and durability of lining structures by embedding prestressed tendons in concrete linings, applying pretension, and locking them with anchorages to make the linings pre-compressed, thus counteracting tensile stresses induced by external loads. This makes them the preferred lining form for large-section and high-head water conveyance tunnels. However, in seismic-prone areas, such linings are vulnerable to seismic-induced structural damage. This paper systematically reviews the research achievements in seismic resistance and shock absorption, covering aspects of seismic performance analysis, application of shock absorption technologies, numerical simulation, and experimental studies, and deeply discusses the existing problems in current research. The study shows that the application of shock absorption materials, design of shock absorption structures, and passive control shock absorption technologies can effectively reduce the damage to the linings of water conveyance tunnels during earthquakes
Socioeconomic Outcomes of Sustained Road Maintenance in Tanzania: A Theoretical Social Economic Policy Model
No full textTanzania has established the Road Fund Board, (RFB) to ensure sustainable financing of road maintenance interventions in order of road networks. The RFB disburses these funds to roads agencies and monitor utilization of the funds to ensure Value for Money in the road maintenance works. The sustainable financing maintenance has led to visibly improved road network condition; which in turn has brought positive social economic outcomes, (SEOs) to road users through lower vehicle operating costs, improved access, improved comfort, mobility and safety. However, these SEOs of the sustained road maintenance have not been systematically evaluated with the purposes to inform policy formulation and decision-making processes especially for improvement and maintenance of rural roads.
This paper attempts to design and formulate a methodology (theoretical model) for evaluating the socioeconomic outcomes (Y) of road sustained financing (X) and road maintenance, (Z) in Tanzania. The paper proposes the theoretical social economic model aiming at identifying, selecting and determining a set of appropriate indicators for evaluation of outcomes of road maintenance and development for research methodology and approach. The theoretical social economic policy model introduces the sustained road financing and maintenance performances concepts; presents theoretical social economic model that provides an indicative application and the quantitative data model.
The main research results from using the designed model to evaluate the socioeconomic impact (Y) of sustainable road financing (X) and road maintenance (Z) in Tanzania are determination of effects on the “desired overall” sustainable development goal (SDG-2030). The appropriate indicators for evaluating the socioeconomic impact after using the policy model include; end poverty in all its forms everywhere; achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls; build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation and make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Association of BMI with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among Dyslipidemic Individuals
No full textAim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and lifestyle habits—including diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, meditation, and recreation—among individuals with dyslipidemia.
Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted over two months at a civil hospital, involving 116 adults (aged 18–50) diagnosed with dyslipidemia. Data on BMI and lifestyle behaviors were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS to assess associations between BMI categories (underweight, normal, obese) and lifestyle factors.
Results: No significant differences were observed in anthropometric measures across BMI categories. However, dietary habits showed significant associations with BMI. Higher intake of fried and processed foods was linked to elevated BMI (p < 0.05), while a healthy diet was associated with normal BMI (p < 0.01). Other lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, meditation, and recreational activities, showed no significant association with BMI (p ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion: Among individuals with dyslipidemia, dietary habits had a greater impact on BMI than other lifestyle behaviors. Promoting healthy eating may be key in managing BMI and related metabolic risks in this population
Right Heart Failure Due to Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Treated in Emergency Services: A Systematic Review
No full textIntroduction: Right heart failure (RHF) secondary to pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe clinical condition frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality in emergency care. Early detection of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is crucial for accurate risk stratification and timely management.
Aim: To systematically review the scientific literature on diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and clinical outcomes of patients with RHF due to PE treated in emergency and urgent care settings.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, SciELO, and BVS databases for studies published between 2019 and 2024. Eligible studies included original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing RHF secondary to PE. Data on diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized qualitatively.
Results: A total of 450 records were identified, and 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Echocardiography was the most common diagnostic method, with parameters such as RV/LV diameter ratio, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and RV wall hypokinesia associated with increased mortality and hemodynamic instability. Computed tomography and biomarkers (troponin, BNP/NT-proBNP) provided complementary prognostic information. Patients with RV dysfunction had up to a twofold increase in all-cause mortality and a fourfold increase in PE-related death. Anticoagulation was universally recommended as first-line therapy, while the benefit of thrombolysis in hemodynamically stable patients remains controversial due to bleeding risk.
Conclusion: Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in emergency settings. Echocardiography should be systematically used for early risk assessment, supported by CT and biomarkers when available. Despite therapeutic advances, significant evidence gaps persist regarding optimal management of submassive PE and the use of advanced support therapies, highlighting the need for robust clinical trials
Eco-Cognitive Mining Systems (ECMS): A Foundational Framework for Self-Aware, Adaptive, and Sustainable Mining Operations
No full textThe mining industry faces growing pressure to meet global resource demands while adhering to strict environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards. Existing frameworks in Mining 4.0 largely focus on digital transformation but lack environmental self-awareness and adaptive sustainability control. This study introduces the Eco-Cognitive Mining System (ECMS), a novel paradigm that integrates Cognitive Equilibrium and Smart Environmental Calibration (SEC) within a unified cognitive control architecture. ECMS allows mines to perceive environmental changes, reinterpret operational objectives, and autonomously adapt across the production lifecycle.A quantitative simulation comparing ECMS against a baseline fixed-control system demonstrates substantial improvements: an 85% reduction in emission violations, improved safety stability, and lower operational costs. The results validate ECMS as a foundational framework for Mining 5.0, where intelligent autonomy and sustainability coalesce to form self-aware, adaptive, and ecologically balanced mining ecosystems
Formulation and Evaluation of Β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes of Dolutegravir Sodium for Solubility Enhancement
No full textBackground: Dolutegravir sodium, a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV, exhibits high permeability but poor aqueous solubility, thereby classifying it as a BCS Class II compound. Poor solubility limits its oral bioavailability, necessitating the development of formulation strategies to enhance dissolution and absorption.
Objective: The present study aimed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Dolutegravir sodium through the formation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and to evaluate the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the prepared complexes and tablets.
Methods: Phase solubility studies were performed following the Higuchi and Connors method to determine the stoichiometry of complexation. Inclusion complexes were prepared using the kneading technique and characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD, drug content analysis, and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets were formulated using the direct compression method with spray-dried lactose as a diluent. Stability studies were conducted under ambient and accelerated conditions for two months.
Results: FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of chemical interactions between the drug and β-cyclodextrin, indicating compatibility. Phase solubility analysis revealed a 1:1 drug-to-β-cyclodextrin complex formation with a solubility enhancement ratio ranging from 1 to 4. DSC and XRD studies confirmed inclusion complex formation and the transformation of the drug into an amorphous form. The optimized formulation (F5) showed superior drug release—30.70%–38.57% at pH 1.2 and 88.58%–98.60% at pH 6.8—outperforming the marketed formulation. The prepared tablets exhibited excellent flow and compressibility, and stability studies demonstrated no significant change in drug content or dissolution profile.
Conclusion: The study concludes that inclusion complexation of Dolutegravir sodium with β-cyclodextrin effectively enhances its solubility and dissolution rate, thereby potentially improving its oral bioavailability. The optimized formulation (F5) demonstrated stability and superior performance compared to the marketed product, making it a promising approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of Dolutegravir sodium
Research Progress on the Application of Rheometer to Self-compacting Concrete
No full textThe study of rheological properties is of great significance to the fields of materials science and civil engineering. In this paper, combined with relevant research, the rheological model of self-compacting concrete is expounded, the influence of mineral admixtures, fibers, admixtures, recycled aggregates and other aspects on the rheological properties of self-c ompacting concrete is explained, the existing problems of the rheological properties of self-compacting concrete are analyzed, and the future rheological properties of concrete are prospected