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A Review on Seismic Response Analysis Methods for Underground Structures
No full textSeismic safety of underground structures is of paramount importance. This paper reviews the current research status of seismic response analysis methods for underground structures, focuses on the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages, and applicability of the proposed static method and dynamic time course analysis method. It also analyses their applications in engineering. It is shown that the seismic coefficient method, although simple, may have relatively large calculation errors due to oversimplification. The free-field deformation method is simple in form and easy to implement, but ignores soil-structure interaction. The flexibility coefficient method is simple in form and considers soil-structure interaction, but ignores many factors. The reaction displacement method directly reflects the soil-structure interaction, but the foundation spring parameters are difficult to value. The reaction acceleration method has the same advantages as the reaction displacement method, but there is a certain error. The dynamic time-course analysis method is accurate but computationally intensive
Tissue Culture: A New Era in Vegetable Crop Micro Propagation
No full textPlant tissue culture, emerging as a transformative technology, wields significant influence in agriculture by catering to the escalating global demand for plants. Particularly noteworthy are its remarkable advancements within vegetable crops, firmly establishing plant tissue culture as a leading frontier of innovation. Presently, its application holds immense promise and offers a glimpse into the future of agricultural practices. The multifaceted roles of plant tissue culture in vegetable crops encompass augmenting varietal production, safeguarding endangered species, and facilitating the large-scale production of secondary metabolites, plant-based vaccines, and antibodies through cell suspension culture. The effectiveness of plant tissue culture hinges on various factors, including the availability of nutrients, endogenous auxin synthesis, organic compounds, and environmental conditions. Additionally, it tackles the challenge of supplying planting materials for species that cannot be efficiently propagated through traditional seed methods, effectively meeting the ever-growing worldwide agricultural requirements [1]. Primary goal is to assist budding plant biotechnologists and amplify the global influence of the plant tissue culture industry
Understanding Farmers’ Intentions to Adopt Organic Farming in India
No full textThis research paper explores the dynamics of organic farming adoption among farmers in the Konkan region of India, focusing on the districts of Ratnagiri and Raigad. Against the backdrop of the pivotal role the agricultural sector plays in India\u27s economy, the study employs an ex-post-facto research design to investigate the intentions, attitudes, and perceived capabilities of 150 organic farmers across diverse cropping systems. The findings reveal a nuanced landscape of motivations, ranging from a desire for toxin-free food to cultural preservation. Farmers\u27 attitudes towards organic agriculture, influenced by health considerations and social networks, underscore the complex interplay between traditional practices and modern influences. Moreover, the study delves into the perceived marketability of organic products, highlighting factors such as consumer willingness to pay premiums and the competitive advantage of organic over conventional produce. As India grapples with the need for sustainable agricultural practices, the study sheds light on the multifaceted factors influencing the adoption of organic farming and provides insights essential for policy formulation and sustainable agricultural development
Productivity of Cauliflower Crop under Biodegradable Mulch
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of various mulching materials, including biodegradable mulches (BDM), plastic mulches (PM), and polypropylene mulch (PPM), on soil temperature, cauliflower growth, and yield. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with eight treatments, including a no-mulch control. Results indicated that BDM and PM significantly increased soil temperatures, particularly at deeper soil levels, compared to the control. Among the treatments, BDM was more effective in stabilizing soil temperature fluctuations. Growth parameters such as plant height, curd diameter, and yield per hectare were enhanced in the mulched treatments, with PPM showing the highest yield. However, despite moderate yields, BDM treatments incurred higher cultivation costs, resulting in lower net income compared to PM and PPM treatments. The study suggests that BDM, being environmentally friendly, could be a viable option for farmers if its acquisition cost is subsidized or reduced
Forecasting the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services in Coastal Areas of the Indian Ocean: A Case Study of the Kinondoni District, Tanzania
No full textThis study forecasts changes in the economic value of ecosystem services (ESVs) in Kinondoni District, Tanzania, between 2023 and 2033, with a focus on the impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on natural capital. Using a combination of remote sensing, GIS, and ESV estimation methods, the study reveals significant shifts in ecosystem services. Water bodies are expected to dominate the landscape, contributing over 90% of the total ESV, followed by mangrove forests. However, the total ESV is projected to decrease by 5.4% to 6.2%, amounting to a loss of between US 1.31 million, mainly due to declines in water and mangroves. The study also anticipates losses in ecosystem functions, particularly in regulating and provisioning services. These losses are primarily attributed to the degradation of water bodies and mangrove forests, which play key roles in maintaining ecosystem balance. The decline in ESVs underscores the risk of deforestation and the challenges of managing public natural resources. The study emphasizes the urgent need to revise and enhance conservation strategies to safeguard the sustainability of coastal ecosystems in Tanzania, ensuring their long-term benefits for both the environment and human populations
Performance Analysis of Dhaba Size Improved Biomass Cook Stove for Commercial Application as Clean and Efficient Cooking Solutions
No full textThe current study evaluates the behaviour of the Dhaba-size cook stove for commercial applications in rural area. Further, the study focuses on its impact on the biomass saving and the surrounding environment. The Dhaba-sized cook stove system was installed for the experimental investigation in R.S.Gruh Udyog, Borsad, Anand, Gujarat. The results obtained based on pre-and post-installation of the system, the system was assessed the cooking pattern, biomass and time consumption, smoke emission, and socio- economic effect. During the experiment, 10 batches of Rice Papdi were cooked uniformly. The Dhaba-size Improved Biomass Cook Stove (IBCS) is used for only boiling water, and atta iscooked on Traditional type of Cook stove. Initially, the traditional type of cook stove was used for water boiling and the other for cooking of atta. Based on the results for pre-installation and post-installation conditions, it was found that wood consumption per day was reduced with the reduction in time. As per discussion with the beneficiary, he is happy with the design, efficiency, and performance of it
Prevalence of Rice Sheath Blight Disease in Cauvery Command Area of Karnataka, India
No full textAmong the various disease of rice, sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn has become one of the major fungal diseases covering different rice growing ecosystem of Cauvery command area of Karnataka. Roving disease survey was conducted during Kharif-2022 to know the occurrence and spread of sheath blight disease in Cauvery command area of Karnataka i.e. Mandya, Hassan, Mysuru and Chamarajnagara. Among the four districts surveyed, disease severity (%) was found highest in Hassan district with a mean disease severity of 22.86% which is followed by Mandya (19.90%), Mysuru (19.39%) and least disease severity was recorded in Chamarajnagara (12.54%). The high severity of sheath blight might be due to the highly favourable factors like high relative humidity, less temperature and water stagnation in these locations during the period of survey. Large scale cultivation of susceptible varieties as mono crop continuously on the same field might have increased the possibility of perpetuating the pathogen in the crop debris. This study can serve as basic to evaluate location specific integrated disease management strategy against sheath blight disease of rice
Reinventing Hemp as Bio Fiber Material for Industrial Applications: Past, Present and the Future
No full textThis review paper gives an overview Hemp known as Cannabis Sativa, which has been cultivated and used as an agricultural crop centuries before the Common Area. Hemp has been described as the billion-dollar plant in 1938 but has lost its value in the U.S. and the World due to regulatory and legislature issues since then.
Hemp has seen as new push In the U.S. and other parts of the world with the introduction of legislature in the late 20th century in Europe and other parts of the world and recently in the U.S with the 2018 Farm Bill which allows on a federal level to grow Hemp, pending on individual state regulations, allowing Hemp to become a new sustainable crop for many future applications. However, Hemp research in these areas has stalled due to the complexity of the law.
Hemp is used in many counties today that do not have as strict regulations as the U.S. and Europe in a variety of applications such as such as beauty products, pharmaceuticals, carpets, industrial insulation materials, paper products, cooking oil, personal care products, and textiles as well as biofuel application to replace petroleum-based fuels and gases due to its low lignin and high cellulose level.
In most European countries, and the U.S. cultivars with a level below 0.3% THC are allowed.
But cultivation is generally subject to reporting. The use of Hemp plants with higher levels is strictly forbidden in most countries.
Usage of Hemp fibers as sustainable environmentally friendly fiber source for energy and industrial applications are slowly moving forwards at present time since there is barely practical large-scale research and pilot installations available about its industrial application potential
Sustainable Techniques for Overcoming Seed Dormancy in Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
No full textAims: The aim of this study is to evaluate methods of overcoming the dormancy of Delonix regia seeds, with an emphasis on sustainable techniques.
Study Design: The experimental design was entirely randomized, with five replicates of 20 seeds.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted on the premises of the Instituto Federal do Tocantins, Câmpus Avançado Formoso do Araguaia, located in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Between September 2024 and October 2024.
Methodology: The seeds were subjected to the following treatments: T1, untreated seeds (control); T2, chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for 3 minutes; T3, chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for 5 minutes; T4, immersion in water at 80°C for 3 minutes, followed by cooling to room temperature; T5, immersion in water at 80°C for 5 minutes, followed by cooling to room temperature; and T6, immersion in water at 80°C for 10 minutes, followed by cooling to room temperature. The analyses carried out included seedling emergence, the emergence speed index, the average emergence time and the emergence speed coefficient. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with five replicates of 20 seeds each. The data were subjected to tests for normality and homoscedasticity, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the F-test, and the means were compared using Tukey’s test at a 5% significance level.
Results: The results of this study indicated that heat treatments with immersion in water at 80°C for 5 minutes (T5) were the most effective in overcoming the dormancy of Delonix regia seeds. This method resulted in the highest emergence rates and the highest emergence speed indexes (ESI), highlighting its potential as a sustainable and efficient alternative to chemical treatments.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that heat treatment with immersion in water at 80°C for 5 minutes was the most effective in overcoming the dormancy of Delonix regia seeds
Influence of Engineering Properties of Machine-Made Sand on Concrete Performance: A Review
No full textAs the demand for high-quality concrete in the construction industry increases, mechanically produced sand, which is a substitute for natural sand, has received widespread attention due to its abundant resources and environmental friendliness. This review aims to explore the engineering properties (such as particle shape, gradation, and fines content) of manufactured sand and their impact on concrete performance, emphasizing its important role in promoting green construction and sustainable development. By systematically reviewing recent relevant studies, this paper determines the optimal range of fines content and discusses the impact of different particle shapes on workability and strength, highlighting the critical role of reasonable gradation and parent rock properties. The study shows that the application of manufactured sand can significantly improve the mechanical and durability properties of concrete, reduce dependence on natural resources, and reduce carbon emissions. To further promote research and technological progress in this field, it is suggested that future studies should explore the long-term durability of manufactured sand, develop more efficient sand production technologies, and optimize the mix design to achieve more environmentally friendly and economical construction solutions