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Study the Consumption Pattern and Attitude of Salt in Participants Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow, India
No full textSalt plays a vital role in food production, affecting both the functional properties and taste characteristics of food products. This study aimed to assess the awareness, attitudes, and consumption patterns related to dietary salt among college-going students. A total of 200 participants were surveyed using a structured questionnaire focusing on salt sources, seasoning habits, label-reading behavior, awareness of healthy salt options, and sources of health information. Findings revealed that 57% of students did not recognize processed foods as significant sources of dietary salt, indicating a gap in nutritional knowledge. A majority (67%) reported sometimes adding salt during food preparation, while 10% always did so, raising concerns about excess salt consumption. Awareness regarding nutrition labels was moderate, with only 18% consistently checking salt content on packaged foods. While 72% of participants were aware of healthier salt alternatives, 28% lacked this knowledge. The most common source of information about salt and health was the internet and social media (59%), followed by other informal sources, with only 12% relying on health professionals. Overall, the study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to improve awareness of hidden salt sources, promote healthier salt consumption behaviors, and encourage reliance on credible health information sources. These efforts are essential to reduce the risk of salt-related health issues such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in young populations. 
Environmental and Food Safety Risks from Heavy Metals in Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata) Cultured in Northern Samar, Philippines
No full textThe study assessed heavy metal accumulation (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg) in mud crabs (Scylla serrata) and soils from four municipalities in Northern Samar, Philippines. Although environmental conditions like pH, salinity, and temperature were suitable for crab farming, both crab meat and soil showed heavy metal levels exceeding FAO/WHO safety limits. Several factors may have contributed to the alarming issue of heavy metal levels in mud crab meat exceeding FAO/WHO standards, despite favorable environmental conditions. One of the major concerns is poor water quality particularly in farms located near polluted water bodies. These water sources are often plagued by industrial and agricultural runoff, which can seep into the farms and introduce heavy metals into the environment where the crabs live. Another concern is the use of low-quality feed, such as trash fish, which may contain high levels of heavy metals. Farmers who use this type of feed have reported foul odors, a clear indication of potential contamination. Additionally, natural environmental factors like saltwater intrusion and rising water temperatures may also contribute to the heavy metal contamination. The findings suggest that while the water conditions in the fish ponds are suitable for mud crab cultivation, the presence of heavy metals poses significant health risks to consumers and environmental concerns. The study highlights the need for further investigation and mitigation strategies to address the issue of heavy metal contamination in mud crab cultivation in Northern Samar
Research Review on Drainage Pipe Defect Identification Technology
No full textAs urban underground drainage networks age, various internal defects gradually develop in pipelines, compromising their operational efficiency. Consequently, condition assessment of drainage systems has become essential for municipal authorities. However, manual inspection methods remain prevalent due to inefficiency and subjectivity, often leading to misjudgments. To address these challenges, researchers have integrated pipeline detection technologies with machine learning and deep learning frameworks, achieving automated and efficient defect identification. This paper systematically reviews existing methodologies and research achievements in drainage pipeline defect recognition, providing a comprehensive overview of current approaches
The Communication Network of the Waste Bank Unit Using Social Network Analysis
No full textWaste banks offer a novel approach to waste management in developing nations, yet they encounter significant operational hurdles, particularly concerning internal communication among members. This research endeavors to map the communication networks within Waste Bank Units (WBU) to foster their sustainability and productivity. The study identifies key influencers within WBUs and assesses the density of their network structures. Conducted in Makassar City, Indonesia, the research involved 185 participants across three WBUs and employed social network analysis for data interpretation. The results of the analysis show that the network density values produced by the three WBUs fall into the low network density criteria. Key findings indicate that out of 45 WBUs examined in Makassar, three demonstrated superior performance: WBU-LB, WBU-As, and WBU-SR. Further analysis revealed that WBU-SR exhibits a denser communication network compared to WBU-As and WBU-LB. A notable pattern across all studied WBUs is the presence of a single dominant actor within each network, which correlates with lower overall network density, as evidenced by sociograms and centrality analyses. This finding suggests that information is centralized around a single actor, leading to a reliance on that actor for information, operations, and resources. This could leave the WBU in a precarious position in the event of a crisis. The dominance of a single actor in the WBU prompts several recommendations: identify the dominant actor’s traits and develop new leaders through training; encourage collaboration among smaller groups for better information flow and innovation; and ensure support from all stakeholders to sustain WBU performance
Serum Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Assessment
No full textAim: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Micronutrients such as vitamin B12 and folate may influence glucose regulation and insulin response; however, their role in GDM remains unclear, particularly in the Indian context. This study aimed to assess the association between serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations with GDM, while also comparing demographic, biochemical, and clinical profiles of affected versus unaffected women.
Type of Study: This study is original Research work.
Methods: A total of 200 pregnant participants were enrolled, including 100 with GDM and 100 without. Data on demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, hemoglobin, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0, applying independent t-tests and chi-square tests to evaluate group differences. Boxplots were generated to illustrate variable distributions.
Results: No significant differences were observed in folate status between the groups. However, chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between GDM and categorical vitamin B12 levels, history of cesarean delivery, and antenatal supplementation practices.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of monitoring vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and suggest that tailored nutritional interventions may help reduce the risk of developing GDM. Larger longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal relationships and inform preventive strategies
Deciphering Salt Adaptation Mechanisms: Morphological, Biochemical, and Genotypical Contrasts between Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Rice Genotypes under Salinity Stress
No full textThis study aims to elucidate the morphological and gene expression patterns of salt stress induced rice crop of two different varieties, Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) (salt sensitive) and FL-478 (salt resistant).
Location: School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India, June 2024- January 2025.
In this study, different rice genotypes were selected viz., FL478 and Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM), and their phenotypic and genotypic differences, including gene expressions, were studied post saline stress.
Phenotypic evaluation revealed marked differences in salt tolerance, with FL478 demonstrating superior resilience, minimal leaf damage, and sustained growth under salt stress conditions compared to ISM. Biochemical analyses provided insights into FL478\u27s higher salt tolerance, highlighting dynamic changes in ionic composition and an increase in osmolytes, indicative of robust adaptive mechanisms to mitigate salt-induced osmotic stress. Genotypic assessment uncovered molecular mechanisms underlying FL478\u27s salt tolerance, particularly the up-regulation of stress-responsive genes HAK1 and HAK5, emphasizing its genetic adaptability to salinity. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning rice resistance to salt stress and offer valuable data for breeding programs aimed at developing salt-tolerant cultivars
Application of Matter-element Theory for Systematic Safety Risk Grading on Expressways
No full textTraditional risk assessment methods for expressways cannot accurately evaluate in a dynamic manner and have certain limitations. The model established by the matter-element extension method can handle uncertainty and fuzziness dynamically and is a new type of mathematical model. This paper takes road alignment, subgrade and pavement, traffic safety facilities, and traffic environment as evaluation indicators, and uses the matter-element extension method to establish an evaluation model and calculate the results. The model effect is verified by the Xin-Yi Expressway. According to the calculation, the Xin-Yi Expressway is divided into 14 sections of low-risk level (Level I), 16 sections of relatively low-risk level (Level II), and 0 sections of general and high-risk levels. This paper finds that the safety risk classification model established by the matter-element extension method has certain feasibility and applicability and can dynamically evaluate the safety risk indicators of road sections based on traffic factors
Posture-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort Experienced by Hotel Staff in Vadodara
No full textThe hospitality industry is physically demanding, with hotel employees frequently performing tasks that place significant strain on their musculoskeletal systems. This study investigates the occurrence of posture-related musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) among hotel staff in Vadodara, specifically focusing on employees in the Front Office, Housekeeping, and Food and Beverage departments. A purposive and snowball sampling technique was used to select 120 participants from a variety of hotels within the city. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data regarding posture-related discomfort, considering factors such as demographic details and work-related conditions. The results revealed that housekeeping staff experienced the highest levels of discomfort, particularly in the lower back, neck, shoulders, and legs. The discomforts were primarily linked to prolonged periods of standing, awkward postures, repetitive tasks, and limited rest breaks. Front Office and Food and Beverage department staff also reported discomfort, but to a lesser degree. For Gender t-value was 3.69 and for Family type, the t-value was 2.63 which were found significant (α=0.05). For Age, F value was 3.73 and for and Work Experience, F value was 6.71 which was found to be significant (α= 0.05). The study emphasizes the need for ergonomic improvements such as adjusting workstations, providing anti-fatigue mats, and offering posture correction training to alleviate physical strain. These findings offer valuable insights that can assist hotel management in enhancing workplace conditions and promoting employee well-being
Sensory Assessment of Nutraceutical-Enriched Muffins and Pudina Chutney
No full textAims: Dyslipidemia is widely recognized as a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. In India, it affects approximately 25–30% of the urban population and 15–20% of the rural population. Several generally used food ingredients bear the anti-hyperlipidemic properties which have been used by the dyslipidemic patients as medicine. But the incorporating these ingredients in the form of mixture in daily based food items is rare.
Methodology: A nutraceutical-enriched mixture comprising was formulated and standardized for the study. Two commonly consumed recipes were selected and each recipe was modified by incorporating developed nutraceutical enriched mixture at five to six graded levels. A panel of 15 members conducted sensory evaluation, assessing sensory attributes such as color, appearance, taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability. To achieve the desirable and most favourable sensory parameters, the proportion of nutraceutical enriched mixture was systematically increased across all recipes to identify the level that yielded the most desirable and acceptable sensory characteristics.
Results: The result indicates that the addition of enriched mixture at the designated incorporation level led to significant improvement (p≤0.05) in the sensory profile of muffins and pudina chutney on the grounds of color, taste, texture, aroma, appearance and overall acceptability surpassing the control sample in the terms of color, appearance, taste, aroma and texture.
Conclusion: This study developed a nutraceutical-enriched mixture and incorporated it into muffins and pudina chutney, resulting in significantly improved sensory attributes including taste, texture, and overall acceptability. While the enriched products demonstrated enhanced organoleptic properties, the presence of claimed nutraceuticals must be analytically confirmed to validate potential health benefits. Future research will focus on biochemical analysis to substantiate these findings
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Marketed Product of Phenytoin Sodium by UV Spectrophotometer and Stress Degradation Studies
No full textA quick, accurate, and cost-effective UV spectroscopy method was developed to estimate the Phenytoin sodium in bulk, tablet dosage formulation using a solvent 0.1 N NaOH. Due to the high cost of antiepileptic drugs there is a need to develop a simple, accurate and cost effective method. UV-Spectrophotometric method was developed using 0.1 N NaOH as a solvent. According to ICH Q2(R1) requirements, the created technique was standardized in terms of validation parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantification (LOQ), like parameters like parameters were validated by using UV/visible spectroscopy technique and developed method was so simple, sensitive, precise, linear, accurate, robust, reproducible, and cost-effective. This newly established approach was effectively used to estimate phenytoin sodium in marketed formulation Eptoin. Phenytoin sodium API exhibits λmax at 216nm in the Beer’s range 2 to 10µg/ml So, Beer’s law was obeyed. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.564µg/ml and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 1.71µg/ml. Recovery of phenytoin sodium in marketed formulation as Eptoin was observed in the range of 100 – 104%. The entire precision range was achieved at under 2% in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) standards. In both inter and intra-day examinations, it was found that the created UV method was precise, with % relative standard deviation varying from 0.27 to 0.46 and 0.26 to 0.46, respectively. The overall recovery percentage of Vinpocetine was found to range from 98.42 to 99.82%. LOQ and LOD were determined to assess the sensitivity of the method, yielding values of 0.4565 µg/ml and 0.1506 µg/ml, respectively. The estimation of Phenytoin sodium in its bulk form and commercial formulation was accomplished using the established method: A rapid, precise, and cost-effective UV spectrophotometric technique has been created to measure the concentration of Phenytoin sodium in bulk and tablet dosage forms