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Development of Protein Rich Whey Beverage with Incorporation of Soy Protein and Pea Protein
No full textAims: To develop protein rich whey beverage with incorporation of soy protein and pea protein
Study Design: Randomized design was used to make the formulations were prepared based on the three protein sources with three levels of their concentrations.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food technology, Parul Institute of Applied Science and Department of Dairy and Food Technology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat India between November 2023 and April 2024.
Methodology: The present study was carried out to incorporate soy protein concentrate and pea protein powder for the development of protein rich whey beverage. There were 3 levels of soy protein concentrate, 3 levels of pea protein powder and 3 levels of whey used in the obtaining 9 different formulations of whey beverages. The whey beverage was prepared using each combination and evaluated for sensory and physico-chemical properties including pH, acidity (% LA), protein content (%), Ash content (%) and Total solids content (%). The sensory evaluation was done based on 9-point hedonic scale for flavor, consistency, acidity and overall acceptability.
Results: The results of sensory analysis showed that S4 (2 % soy protein concentrate, 1 % pea protein powder and 97 % whey) and S5 (2 % soy protein concentrate, 2 % pea Protein powder and 97 % whey) have significantly (p≤0.05) highest scores in all sensory attributes. The pH values were in range of 4.50±0.010- 4.85±0.001 for all sample combination, while acidity values were 0.128-0.148 % LA for all the samples. Based on the all physico-chemical analysis. The best formulation for whey beverage was obtained in S5 which contains the 2 % soy protein concentrate, 2 % pea Protein powder and 96 % whey providing highly nutrition components and valuable essential amino acids from all three protein sources
Conclusion: The developed protein rich whey beverage has highly nutrition components and provides the valuable essential amino acids from all three protein sources. The developed protein rich beverage has very good market potential to all group of consumers
Research Progress on the Utilization of Solid Waste in Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures
No full textIn the field of sustainable civil engineering, the application of solid waste in asphalt and asphalt mixture has become an important research direction. Industrial wastes such as rubber, plastic, red mud, coal gangue and steel slag can be recycled as modifiers to optimize asphalt performance, improve the road performance of the mixture, reduce production costs, and have both economic and social benefits. At present, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on solid waste modified asphalt and asphalt mixture, and achieved some results. It has important application value and broad development prospects in the engineering field, and has positive significance for environmental protection, sustainable development and urbanization. Although the existing research in this book lacks some unique data and novel insights, it systematically summarizes the latest progress and provides a valuable reference for scholars who are not familiar with this field
Revolutionising Textiles with Nanotechnology: Advancements, Applications, and Future Directions
No full textNanotechnology has profoundly transformed the textile industry by introducing nanoscale materials and devices that enhance fabric functionality, durability and performance. This multidisciplinary field exploits the unique properties of nanomaterials as increased surface area, superior mechanical strength, and quantum effects, to develop smart and functional textiles. This paper reviews the types, mechanisms and textile applications of nanotechnology, offering insights into its transformative potential and the path forward for sustainable innovation. The integration of nanomaterials like silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide into fabrics imparts antimicrobial activity, UV protection, water repellency and self-cleaning capabilities. Nanodevices, including nanosensors and nanoelectromechanical systems, have enabled the development of wearable electronics and health-monitoring garments. Nanophotonic structures are also advancing textiles with features like energy harvesting and colour-changing properties. Top-down and bottom-up approaches guide the fabrication of these advanced materials, each offering unique benefits. The top-down approach in nanotechnology involves starting with a bulk material and reducing it to nanoscale dimensions using various mechanical, chemical, or physical processes. The bottom-up approach, in contrast, involves building nanostructures from the atomic or molecular level, assembling them into larger structures through chemical reactions or physical forces. Despite the promise, challenges remain, including health and environmental risks, high production costs, and a lack of regulatory standards. As research advances, sustainable nanotechnology and recyclable smart textiles are emerging as critical future directions. The future of textiles lies in the seamless fusion of functionality and sustainability, guided by interdisciplinary research and robust regulations. With continued innovation, nanotechnology will redefine the role of textiles in healthcare, fashion, defence and environmental applications
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Various Treatments for White Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Hybrid Snow Ball in the Bundelkhand Region, India
No full textThe present experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022–2023 in the Bundelkhand region to evaluate the economic performance of different organic nutrient management practices in the cultivation of White Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), specifically the Hybrid Snow Ball (White) variety. The study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and eight treatments. The treatments included: T0 – Control (water spray only), T1 – 100% Farmyard Manure (FYM) + Jeevamrit, T2 – 100% Vermicompost (VC) + Jeevamrit, T3 – 100% Poultry Manure (PM) + Jeevamrit, T4 – 50% FYM + 50% VC + Jeevamrit, T5 – 50% FYM + 50% PM + Jeevamrit, T6 – 50% PM + 50% VC + Jeevamrit, and T7 – 33% FYM + 33% PM + 33% VC + Jeevamrit. The crop was cultivated at a spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm (row × plant), with each net plot measuring 2.7 meters in length and 3.0 meters in width. The experimental field had a total net area of 24.3 meters × 9.0 meters and included an irrigation channel size of 50 cm and bunds of 30 cm width. The economic evaluation of the treatments was based on four major parameters: cost of cultivation, gross return, net return, and the benefit-cost (B:C) ratio. The highest cost of cultivation was recorded in Treatment T2 (100% Vermicompost + Jeevamrit) at ₹178,150 per hectare, while the lowest was observed in Treatment T1 (100% FYM + Jeevamrit) at ₹106,150 per hectare. Gross returns were highest in Treatment T7 (33% FYM + 33% PM + 33% VC + Jeevamrit) at ₹570,000 per hectare, whereas Treatment T1 recorded the lowest gross return at ₹390,000 per hectare. Similarly, net returns followed the same pattern, with the highest return of ₹427,900 per hectare in Treatment T7 and the lowest of ₹283,850 per hectare in Treatment T1. The benefit-cost ratio was also found to be most favorable in Treatment T7, which recorded a ratio of 3.01, followed by Treatment T3 (100% Poultry Manure + Jeevamrit) at 2.87. The lowest benefit-cost ratio was observed in the control treatment (T0) at 1.78. In conclusion, the study clearly demonstrates that integrated nutrient management, particularly the combination of FYM, Poultry Manure, and Vermicompost along with Jeevamrit as applied in Treatment T7, significantly enhances the economic viability and profitability of White Brinjal cultivation under the agro-climatic conditions of the Bundelkhand region
Comparative Effectiveness of Prophylactic Methods for the Prevention of Neonatal Ophthalmia: A Systematic Review
No full textAims: This systematic review aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness, safety profile, and antimicrobial coverage of the main topical prophylactic agents used for the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns. The analysis includes povidone-iodine, erythromycin, silver nitrate, and tetracycline, focusing on their clinical performance, local tolerability, and applicability in different public health contexts.
Study Design: Systematic literature review.
Place and Duration of Study: Databases searched (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BVS, MEDLINE) between January 2015 and April 2025.
Methodology: The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials, observational comparative studies, and systematic reviews published from 2015 to 2025, involving neonates undergoing prophylactic ocular treatment for ophthalmia neonatorum. The main outcomes were incidence of infectious conjunctivitis, chemical conjunctivitis, and spectrum of antimicrobial action. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, using the ROBIS and Jadad tools for methodological evaluation.
Results: From 412 initial records, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, totaling 9,287 neonates. Povidone-iodine 2.5% showed the best overall profile, with a significant reduction in infectious conjunctivitis and lower rates of chemical irritation. It also demonstrated the broadest antimicrobial activity, including coverage against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and hospital-associated pathogens. Erythromycin 0.5% remained effective against gonococcal infection but was less effective against chlamydia and associated with increasing bacterial resistance. Silver nitrate 1% showed limited efficacy and higher toxicity, while tetracycline 1% presented intermediate results with less robust supporting evidence. Cost-effectiveness and accessibility favored povidone-iodine in low-resource settings.
Conclusion: Povidone-iodine 2.5% is the most effective and safe prophylactic option for preventing neonatal ophthalmia, outperforming traditional alternatives such as erythromycin and silver nitrate. Its broad spectrum, low cost, and minimal side effects support its adoption as the preferred agent in national health protocols. Further multicenter trials and long-term follow-up studies are recommended to evaluate its impact in vulnerable neonatal subpopulations
Sustainable Water Consumption Practices among Household Consumers: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textAims: This study aims to systematically review water-saving practices at the household level and identify effective behavioral, technological, and environmental interventions that influence conservation.
Place and Duration of Study: The review was conducted in Negros Occidental between April and June 2025.
Methodology: A total of 66 articles were reviewed, with 37 peer-reviewed articles included in the final analysis. Relevant literature was identified using keywords related to household water conservation, including behavioral, technological, and environmental interventions. Studies were screened using the following inclusion criteria: English-language articles and peer-reviewed articles—and evaluated for quality and relevance. A thematic analysis was conducted to extract key findings and implications.
Results: The review reveals that sustainable water use is shaped by consumer awareness, motivation, access to technology, and environmental consciousness. Behavioral interventions such as habit formation, education, and social norms influence conservation decisions. The Theory of Planned Behavior explains how attitudes, perceived control, and social expectations affect water-saving behavior. Technological solutions—like low-flow fixtures and efficient appliances—are effective but face barriers such as cost, lack of awareness, and discomfort with new devices. Environmental approaches, including awareness of climate change and ecosystem impacts, further strengthen conservation motivation. Notably, households with stronger environmental and water conservation attitudes reduced water use by as much as 18.6% to 53.0%.
Conclusion: Achieving water conservation at the household level requires integrating behavioral change, technology adoption, and environmental awareness into policies and community programs. Understanding the factors that drive water use can help policymakers and utility providers develop more effective and context-specific strategies
Effect of NPK Fertilizer Levels on Yield and Quality of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in Acidic Soils
No full textBeetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), also known as garden beet, is a widely cultivated root vegetable valued for its edible foliage and fleshy roots. Productivity is strongly influenced by soil fertility management. A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season (September–December 2023) at the Woodhouse Horticultural Research Station, Ooty, to evaluate the effect of different mineral fertilizer levels on the growth, yield, and quality of beetroot cultivated in acidic soils. The study was laid out in a randomized block design with eight fertilizer treatments (T₁: N₀P₀K₀, T₂: N₁P₁K₂, T₃: N₁P₂K₂, T₄: N₂P₂K₀, T₅: N₂P₁K₁, T₆: N₃P₁K₁, T₇: N₂P₃K₂, T₈: N₃P₃K₂), each replicated three times. Data on root length, diameter, root‑to‑shoot ratio, fresh and dry root weight, yield per plot and per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), and total sugars were recorded. Increasing nutrient levels significantly improved all measured parameters. Among the treatments, T₈ (N₃P₃K₂: 180 kg N ha-1, 240 kg P₂O₅ ha-1, 100 kg K₂O ha-1) produced the highest fresh root weight (135.5 g plant-1), dry weight (10 g plant-1), root diameter (21.97 cm), root yield (42.1 kg plot-1; 421.13 q ha-1), root‑to‑shoot ratio (3.98), TSS (19.96 °Brix), and total sugar (8.10%) all significantly superior (p < 0.05) to other treatments. . The control (T₁) consistently recorded the lowest values. These results demonstrate that balanced mineral fertilization, particularly T₈ and T₇, markedly enhances both yield and quality attributes of beetroot under temperate, acidic soil conditions
Effects of Water and Soil Probiotics on Pangasius Pangasius on Growth Parameters
No full textThe present study evaluated the effect of different probiotic applications, specifically water probiotics and soil probiotics, on the growth performance of Pangasius pangasius and the quality of water parameters during the culture period. The experiment aimed to determine the most effective probiotic treatment to enhance aquaculture productivity in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. The experiment was conducted in four earthen ponds: a control group (C), T1 (MRS agar for Lactobacillus), T2 (TCBS agar for Vibrio spp.), and T3 (Tryptic Soy Agar) ponds, with varying compositions of soil and water probiotics. The results indicated that treatment T3 showed the best outcomes in terms of growth and survival of the experimental fishes. The mean average weight gain, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were also best in treatment T3, followed by T2, T1, and the control group. Based on these findings, it is concluded that while Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) does not directly affect fish growth, it serves as a general-purpose microbiological growth medium used for cultivating a wide variety of bacteria and fungi. It provides a nutrient-rich environment for the cultured fish
Advancement in Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (K.A.F.O.) for Individual with Post-Polio Residual Paralysis (P.P.R.P): A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Post-polio residual paralysis (PPRP) presents a significant challenge in rehabilitation medicine, particularly affecting knee joint stability and functional mobility. It necessitating orthotic solutions that balance biomechanical support with functional restoration. There is different type of Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (KAFO) used in patient with PPRP who have many types of orthotic knee joint i.e. Modified Ring Lock Knee Joint, Automatic Spring Lever Knee Joint, Posterior Offset Free Motion Knee Joint, Automatic Angled Lever Lock, Load Response Knee Joint, Microprocessor orthotic knee joint etc.
Objective: This systematic review examines advancements in orthotic knee joint design, biomechanical foundations, material innovations, and clinical outcomes for PPRP populations. Authar was thoroughly analysed focusing on stance-control mechanisms, powered orthoses, advanced materials, and impacts on gait parameters and comfort in many studies.
Method: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore from January 1987 to October 2025 and also the study duration from January 2025-October 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed studies on adults (≥18 years) with PPRP knee instability using advanced KAFO knee joints (e.g., stance-control, microprocessor-controlled), reporting gait parameters, energy expenditure, or patient satisfaction, compared to traditional locked KAFO.
Results: Of 590 records identified, 20 studies (n=8-35 per study; mean age 45-62 years) met criteria after screening and eligibility assessment. Stance-control KAFOs improved gait velocity by 0.10-0.18 m/s (p<0.05; 12 studies), stride length by 0.08-0.14 m (14 studies), and reduced energy expenditure by 8-18% (9 studies) versus locked KAFOs. Microprocessor systems enhanced swing-phase knee flexion (55-65°) and patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: Orthotic knee joint technology has seen substantial advancements in biomechanics and control systems. Personalized approaches considering individual PPRP characteristics and functional goals are important for optimal outcomes. Further research is needed on long-term clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness analysis
Salinity-Tolerance Benchmarking in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Accessions for Sustainable Crop Productivity
No full textSalinity stress is one of the important constraints to fenugreek production globally. The salinity is important factor in production of fenugreek during the germination, vegetative growth, flowering and pod filling due to a long dry spell and scared water. Fenugreek is important spice used in food product and also having medicinal property. Breeding for salinity tolerance using novel genetic resources is an important mitigation strategy. This study aimed to identify and select the superior fenugreek genotypes that are tolerant to salinity stress and provide them to researchers and seed spices breeders for more intense evaluation and screening. Fifteen genotypes of fenugreek were evaluated in RBD with three replications under different salinity levels during rabi season 2022-23 at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar for salinity tolerance. Salinity and genotypes were recorded highly significant differences among the studied characters. Genotype x Salinity interaction was observed highly significant for germination (%) and sodium content(ppm). Genotypes RMt-351, AGF-2, RMt-303, RMt-305 and GM-2 showed the highest seed yield under normal and salinity levels. Based on stress tolerance indices (STI), genotypes RMt-351 had the highest mean values followed by RMt-303 and AFG-2. The first principal component (PC) accounted for about 95.60% of the variation in salt tolerance indices with yield and the second PC for 4.20% by using biplots. Genotypes RMt-351, AGF-2, RMt-303 and RMt-305 were identified as the most stable high yielding genotypes under salinity stress. It is suggested that these genotypes can be consider as parents for hybridization or as a selection in yield improvement of fenugreek under salinity condition