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Stacking Satisfaction: Exploring Flow and Competence in Tetris User Experiences
No full textIn order to study the impact of game user experience features on flow, this study documented player reactions to different versions of Tetris. These reactions were: psychological need satisfaction, psychological need frustration, self-efficacy, and flow. Participants played three different versions of Tetris: NES Tetris, Tetris Effect for personal computers (PC), and Tetris Effect for virtual reality (VR). The results were mixed depending on the construct and the version of Tetris being analyzed. The researcher found that that there is a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and flow in VR Tetris Effect, a significant positive relationship between flow and competence need satisfaction on all three versions of Tetris, and a significant negative relationship between flow and competence need frustration for NES Tetris and PC Tetris Effect. Post-hoc research was conducted on flow’s fluency and absorption dimensions to better explain the patterns observed in the overall flow scores
Player Personality and Esports Engagement
No full textThis study explores the relationship between the big five factors of personality and esports engagement, comparing audiences in the U.S. and China. Using survey data, this research examines how personality traits like extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism influence behaviors such as real-life event attendance, dedication to esports, online community interactions, and spending habits in both countries. Results show that extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness are positively associated with different forms of engagement in both countries, while neuroticism has different results depending on the region. Cultural differences were observed in the relationship between spending patterns and high player engagement: U.S. players spent more on real-life events and streaming services, while Chinese players showed little interest in these items. Both the U.S. and Chinese players showed little interest in fandom merchandises. These findings highlight how personality and culture shape esports engagement and provide insights for targeted strategies in marketing, game design, and community development
Best Practices: Reusing Space to Enhance Narrative Immersion
No full textThis research explores the relationship between traditional storytelling techniques and the reuse of space and attempts to evaluate the relationship’s effectiveness in enhancing the player’s immersion in both narrative and gameplay. The researcher investigates various concepts, such as mental mapping, spaced learning, and thematic affordances, to understand how players remember previously visited spaces. Based on these practices, the researcher built a custom single-player level in Dying Light, where players assist a trapped non-player character (NPC) in searching for his coworkers. As players complete objectives, they simultaneously familiarize themselves with the environment and revisit spaces guided by narrative signifiers. To assess the impact of spatial reuse on a player’s narrative and gameplay experience, the researcher collected data from multiple playtests and analyzed participants\u27 comprehension of the story and level layout
Sounds of the World: Guiding and Motivating Players Through Sound Valences
No full textThe purpose of this research is to integrate sound design techniques and practices into the larger level and game design process to provide greater support and motivations for players. The researcher created a custom single-player level in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim that tasks the player with navigating an enchanted castle, relying on sound valences to guide their path. The researcher gathered data on the implemented sound valences by observing testers’ playtests, the navigational choices the testers made throughout the level, and the connotations of the sound valences themselves
Commercial Development Utilizing Faith and Business Innovation
No full textIn the evolving landscape of business and commerce, the intersection of faith and business innovation has become a topic of debate, particularly in a world that increasingly values efficiency, scalability, and profit. This dissertation examines the role of spirituality in business leadership. We will explore how Christian values, servant leadership, and heart-mind coherence contribute to a more sustainable, ethical, and community-driven business model. Through the lens of my family’s business, Sam Moon Group, I will explore how faith-based leadership can coexist with success and serve as its very foundation. The early journey of Sam Moon Trading Company, from a small family-run retail business to a diversified real estate and hospitality enterprise, will be studied and analyzed. I hope to provide a meaningful model for others seeking to merge faith and commerce while maintaining ethical integrity and a commitment to the community
Examining Working and Episodic Memory in Young Adults with Anhedonia
No full textDepression is associated with impairments in memory processes. Evidence suggests there is poor recognition of positive information and quicker disengagement with positive information from working memory in depression compared to healthy controls. The working memory differences are hypothesized to be downstream effects of taxed working memory from rumination processes that impair reward learning. Furthermore, episodic memory impairments for positive information are hypothesized to be downstream effects of dopamine dysregulation from anhedonia in memory formation processes. The current study utilized the Diffusion Drift Model to examine whether anhedonia severity predicted differences in evidence accumulation using an index called drift rates in working and episodic memory tasks. One hundred and eight young adults completed a working memory task where they had to remember an abstract shape while presented with two positive, neutral, or negative distractors, followed by a surprise recognition test of the distractors the next day. Contrary to expectations, based on multivariate models, anhedonia severity did not predict differences in evidence accumulation rate. These results suggest that anhedonia symptoms may not be uniquely associated with memory processes for emotionally-valenced stimuli. Further studies should investigate the role of specific facets of anhedonia (e.g., anticipatory pleasure) and use different paradigms and neurophysiological measures to examine the proposed hypotheses
Collegiate Athletes’ Name, Image, and Likeness as a Constitutionally Protected Interest
No full textCourts have long held that collegiate athletes’ athletics participation does not constitute a liberty or property interest afforded constitutional due process protection. Thus, universities, athletics departments, and coaches generally have not had to provide much process when suspending athletes from their teams for disciplinary reasons, for example.
Recently, however, college athletics’ primary governing entity—the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA)—altered its longstanding rules to permit athletes to accept remuneration from third parties for the use of their names, images, and likenesses. This newfound ability has significantly benefited athletes in college athletics’ transformative name, image, and likeness (NIL) era.
This Article examines the effect of collegiate athletes’ ability to accept NIL compensation on their due process rights. More specifically, it addresses the question whether the NCAA’s shift armed athletes with the added and unanticipated benefit of due process safeguards in instances where universities or athletics departments seek to withhold them from athletics participation for disciplinary reasons. To do so, this Article explores the following: (1) the current regulatory status of NIL in college athletics; (2) a 2024 District Court decision classifying an athlete’s ability to earn NIL compensation during athletics participation as a constitutionally protected interest and how it overlooks key components of relevant authorities; and (3) the decision’s numerous and significant ramifications for athletes, athletics departments, and universities
Title 18’s Property Conundrum
No full text“Property,” in legal terms, carries significant weight. Once an object is heralded as “property,” that object becomes a step closer to being afforded the protections of the Constitution, offered equitable remedies at a court’s disposal, or even subjected to taxation by the state or federal government. Defining an object as “property” also puts it within the reach of the Title 18 property fraud statutes. Title 18’s fraud statutes have been often lauded by federal prosecutors for their “extraordinary utility.” In their current iteration, these statutes criminalize schemes to defraud “money,” “property,” and “the intangible right of honest services.” But what exactly constitutes “property”? As simple as the question may appear, it is not so easily answered by jurists, scholars, and practitioners. Of course, one can proffer objects like land or something more generic like “goods” as obvious answers. But the simplicity of the question evaporates when it is asked in relation to a criminal statute. Surprisingly, we are left with the maxim that property is what “the law declares to be property,” rendering a vagueness that should be antithetical to criminal law and statutes. Therein lies the conundrum. Title 18’s “property” conundrum, however, isn’t simply a catchy rhetorical quip; rather, it is a Gordian knot tied by decades of federal jurisprudence. It is this kind of “property” that lies at the heart of the Supreme Court’s Title 18 “property” decisions and is the subject of this Article. This Article provides the first in depth look at the progeny of Title 18 property decisions by the Supreme Court, outlines the inconsistencies, and offers a variety of implications for the checkered understanding of property across the past few decades
Solving the Public Defense Crisis in Kansas
No full textKansas has a constitutional obligation to provide counsel to any arrested person who cannot afford to hire a private attorney. But attorney shortages in Kansas threaten this core constitutional right. According to the American Bar Association, there are an average of four attorneys per 1,000 people nationwide. However, only six of Kansas’s 105 counties have two or more attorneys per 1,000 people. In 44 counties, there is just one attorney or fewer per 1,000 residents. The situation is particularly worrisome in rural Kansas. In 2023, nearly half of Kansas’s population lived in rural counties, but 80% of its lawyers lived in its six largest counties. Two rural counties— Wichita County and Hodgeman County—had no attorneys at all.https://scholar.smu.edu/deasoncenter/1012/thumbnail.jp
A Democratic Participation Model for Corporate Governance
No full textCorporate law is in the grip of a fundamental conundrum: whether corporations should seek only to serve shareholders or instead attend to the interests of all stakeholders. The doctrine of shareholder primacy, which focuses the corporation’s attention on the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth, has been startingly successful, capturing the theory and practice of corporate governance for roughly fifty years. But recently the costs of this monomaniacal focus on the financial interests of one set of corporate participants have become clearer. At a time when the original reasons for restricting the corporate franchise to shareholders have been shown to rest on faulty assumptions and the misapplication of standard economic theory, shareholder primacy’s fingerprints have been discovered all over potentially catastrophic problems such as dramatically rising income and economic inequality, accelerating climate change, and the unleashing of vast sums of money upon politics. Stakeholderism promises a better way—a focus on meeting the needs of all stakeholders in the corporation through a balanced approach to governance. But stakeholder theorists have largely offered only hortatory suggestions for corporate boards, unable to develop concrete reforms to implement their concepts. So we now find ourselves at a stalemate: Shareholder primacy improperly orients the purpose of the corporation around maximizing shareholder wealth and power, while stakeholder theory has failed to develop a workable model of governance that would put its ideas into practice.
This Article breaks the corporate governance stalemate by presenting a new model of corporate governance based on the theory of democratic participation. The model supports the extension of the corporate franchise beyond shareholders to other stakeholders, but only when governance rights can accurately capture the preferences of those with sufficiently strong interests in a manageable way. We explain the principles of the model and apply it to a variety of stakeholders with potential governance claims: shareholders, employees, creditors, consumers, and communities, among others. Assessing their interests, the accuracy of markers for those interests, and the manageability of those markers, we show how a variety of firm participants could be integrated into the governing structure of the corporation. This new model would allow appropriate stakeholders to define and effectuate their own interests through governance and would help ensure that the corporate purpose debate results in something more than empty rhetoric