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Related Data for: Applied linguistics journal editor perspectives: Research ethics and academic publishing
No full textConcern for research integrity and ethics has been a part of scholarly publishing since the earliest scientific journals were published. At the same time, scholarly publishing is big business. Thus, journal editors must manage publication interests as well as research integrity and ethical issues. As ethics and integrity are deeply embedded in the research process, not only in terms of treatment of human subjects or methods for collecting, analyzing, and presenting but also in all aspects of publishing, we investigate the role of journal editors in scholarly publishing for applied linguistics. Specifically, we examine the issues/challenges applied linguistics journal editors face in relation to research integrity and ethics, their knowledge, beliefs and practices, through an anonymous online survey. Results show that the most serious issue identified by the editors was finding sufficient expert reviewers. Other issues included plagiarism, redundant publications and inappropriate citations. However, in general, editors did not feel most of the listed ethical issues were serious problems (e.g. interference in editorial decisions, inappropriate image manipulation) or they did not know if the issues were a problem (e.g. unacknowledged writers, inappropriate acknowledgements). We conclude by offering recommendations for ways forward and by suggesting further research, including studies with a more dialogic approach which would allow editors to voice their perspectives and investigations of local communities of practice which might supersede universality assumptions of research integrity and ethics
Related Data for: The cosmopolitan turn in Literature education and its resulting tensions in Singapore schools
No full textIn this article, I highlight the emergence of a cosmopolitan turn in Literature education as observed in teachers’ beliefs and practices in Singapore schools. Central to the cosmopolitan turn is the view that Literature education should not be disengaged from real-world connections to others particularly those who are marginalized and oppressed in the world. In the first part of this article, I describe core principles informing a cosmopolitan approach to teaching Literature that is distinct from previous movements. In the second part, I utilize case studies of Literature teachers from four secondary schools in Singapore to discuss key tensions resulting from teachers’ attempts to foster cosmopolitan sensitivities. These tensions point to the propensity for Literature education to prioritize a form of universalism that neglects the dynamic interconnections between national and global identity; to encourage a human capital approach to education where cosmopolitanism is co-opted to strategically benefit elites and to perpetuate passive rather than active cosmopolitan engagement with justice. I suggest that awareness of these tensions can enable educators to develop more holistic and ethically grounded cosmopolitan Literature education where all students can be equipped with critical and empathetic capacities to navigate diverse and conflicting values in our global age
Related Data for: To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to publicise always: A case study of linguistic medicine landscapes in a (post)pandemic era
No full textHospitals serve as a public space for medical practice. They also serve as an educational space. Effective, transparent, and timely delivery of health information is important at all times but especially in times of pan/epidemics. A crucial part of the necessary information dissemination is language-in-use for multiple purposes (medical practice, education, research) among stakeholders. This study investigated the linguistic landscapes of hospitals in the People’s Republic of China (China) in the COVID (post)pandemic period, roughly 2019–2022, to consider health information as language-in-use. Specifically, we examine the linguistic landscapes of three Grade A Class 3 hospitals in a multilingual, ethnic minority region by analysing 2354 signs for multilingual combinations, functionality and the way translations were used. We consider the role of language awareness in the experiential dimension to understand the linguistic medical landscapes. Our findings detect potentially biases linked to translation and language awareness and leading to potentially misleading information. The analysis also suggests the importance of a socio-cognitive perspective of the experiential dimension for future LL studies
Related Data for: Breakfast and exercise improve academic and cognitive performance in adolescents
No full textThis study examined the combined effects of breakfast and exercise on short-term academic and cognitive performance in adolescents. Eighty-two adolescents (64 female), aged 14–19 years, were randomized to four groups over a 4-hour morning: (i) a group who fasted and were sedentary (F-S); (ii) a group who ate breakfast but were sedentary (B-S); (iii) a group who fasted but completed a 30-min exercise bout (F-E); and (iv) a group who ate breakfast and completed a 30-min exercise bout (B-E). Individuals completed academic and cognitive tests over the morning. Adolescents in B-E significantly improved their mathematics score (B-E: 15.2% improvement on correct answers, vs. F-S: 6.7% improvement on correct answers; p = 0.014) and computation time for correct answers (B-E: 16.7% improvement, vs. F-S: 7.4% improvement; p = 0.004) over the morning compared with the F-S group. The B-E group had faster reaction times for congruent, incongruent and control trials of the Stroop Color-Word Task compared with F-S mid-morning (all p < 0.05). Morning breakfast and exercise combine to improve short-term mathematical task performance and speed in adolescents
Related Data for: Crossover gait in running and measuring foot inversion angle at initial foot strike: A front-view video analysis approach
No full text
Introduction: Foot inversion angle at initial foot strike is associated with various running-related injuries. Traditionally, video analysis of foot inversion angle has been accomplished by positioning a camera to record from the back view, but complications arise when a crossover gait obscures the area of measurement. This study aims to investigate the viability of measuring foot inversion angles at initial foot strike of running from the front view as an alternative to using the back view in 2D video analysis.
Methods: Forty-four healthy runners (20 females, 24 males) ran at their self-selected speeds on a treadmill with their gait recorded from front and back camera views. Foot inversion angles at initial foot strike were analyzed using Kinovea. A 2 × 2 (Camera × Foot) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed on the foot inversion angle data. Subsequently, correlation and linear regression were performed to determine the relationship between the back and front-view measurements.
Results: Thirteen runners (29.5%) displayed crossover gait within 18 gait cycles. ANOVA revealed a significant main effect on Camera (p < .001) only, where foot inversion angle was greater from the front camera view. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the front and back camera views (r = 0.388, p < .001). Regression analyses yielded an equation, y = 0.42 + 0.53 x, where y and x were the foot inversion angle measured from the back and front camera views, respectively.
Discussion: With a linear regression conversion equation, front-view foot inversion angles at initial foot strike can be used to determine rearfoot inversion angles when crossover gait obstructs the back camera view.
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Related Data for: Leisure travel as process: Understanding the relationship between leisure travel and subjective well-being among older adults
No full textThis exploratory paper contributes to a theorization of the relationship between leisure travels and subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults. Although it is generally agreed that leisure travel contributes to one’s mental well-being, the processes that lead to various forms of well-being are often understudied. It is argued that a more nuanced understanding of these processes can lead to better appreciation of the meanings of travel for the older adults. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 older travellers to garner their thoughts on how leisure travels have contributed to their SWB. Through a thematic analysis of travel narratives, four recurring themes, namely (1) reminiscing the past, (2) bonding with family members, (3) rediscovering self and (4) forming informal networks of care (RBRiC), were identified as processes leading to various elements of SWB among older adults. Although non-exhaustive, these processes reveal the embodied meanings and experiences of travel for the individual and can potentially lead to more meaningful discussions on how various aspects of SWB are attained
Related Data for: Achievement goal profiles and their associations with math achievement, self‐efficacy, anxiety and instructional quality: A single and multilevel mixture study
No full textBackground
There is growing interest in studying the co-occurrence of multiple achievement goals and how different goal profiles relate to educational outcomes. Further, contextual aspects of the classroom have been known to influence the goals students pursue but existing studies remain confined within certain traditions and confounded by methods not well suited for studying classroom climate effects.
Aims
This study sought to investigate achievement goal profiles in mathematics and their associations with background covariates (i.e., gender, prior achievement) and correlates at the student-level (i.e., achievement, self-efficacy, anxiety) and class-level (instructional quality dimensions of classroom management, supportive climate, instructional clarity and cognitive activation).
Sample
Participants were 3836 Secondary-3 (Grade-9) students from 118 mathematics classes in Singapore.
Methods
Achievement goal profiles and their relationships with covariates and student-level correlates were examined with updated procedures of latent profile analysis. Subsequently, multilevel mixture analysis assessed the associations of student-level goal profiles and different class-level dimensions of instructional quality.
Results
Four profiles were identified: Average-All, Low-All, High-All and High-Approach. These profiles differed across covariates and correlates, with High-Approach students associated with positive outcomes and High-All students with math anxiety. Cognitive activation and instructional clarity predicted stronger membership in High-Approach profile than Average-All and Low-All, but not High-All.
Conclusion
Certain goal profile patterns were consistent with past studies and supported the fundamental separation of approach and avoidance goals. Less differentiating profiles were associated with undesirable educational outcomes. Instructional quality can be considered as an alternative framework for examining classroom climate effects of achievement goals
Related Data for: Do types of information in an animated video intervention affect university students’ autism knowledge and openness towards peers on the autism spectrum?
No full textThis pre-test post-test control group design sought to compare the effectiveness of delivering different types of information ([1] factual information vs. [2] factual information + descriptive and explanatory information vs. [3] factual information + descriptive, explanatory + directive information) in an animated video intervention in increasing university students’ autism knowledge and openness toward peers on the autism spectrum. The sample consisted of 92 undergraduates (27 males, 65 females; age range = 18–36) from various universities in Singapore. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions/videos, where they completed a measure of their autism knowledge and openness scale, before viewing a 5-minute long animated video containing different types of information about autism. After which, participants completed the measure of autism knowledge and openness scale again, followed by a measure of their empathy level. Results indicated that participants’ autism knowledge improved following the viewing of the animated video. However, the three different videos containing different types of information did not differ in influencing participants’ openness toward peers on the autism spectrum. Nevertheless, qualitative responses proposed that the video containing factual information, with descriptive, explanatory, and directive information was useful in helping participants to know how to interact with their peers on the autism spectrum. The findings of this study provide preliminary support for the most effective method to educate and raise awareness about autism, among the general student population in order to foster a supportive and inclusive environment
Related Data for: Hamstring muscle architecture and viscoelastic properties: Reliability and retrospective comparison between previously injured and uninjured athletes
No full textThe architecture of the biceps femoris (BF) and stiffness of the hamstrings have been found to be associated with injury risk. However, less is known about the architecture of the equally voluminous semitendinosus (ST) and viscoelastic properties of both muscles in individuals with a prior injury. Methods: BF and ST of 15 athletes (previously injured, n=5; control, n=10) were assessed using ultrasonography and myotonometry. Mean architecture (muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA) and fascicle length (FL)) and viscoelastic measures (stiffness, oscillation frequency and decrement) were compared between the previously injured and contralateral uninjured limb, and between the previously injured and control limbs (mean of both limbs of the control group). Control group participants returned for a duplicate measurement. Findings: Both muscles exhibited high reliability between sessions (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.89−0.98) for architecture. BF PA was larger in the previously injured than both uninjured (+1.1∘,d=0.65) and control (+1.51∘,d=0.71). BF fascicles were shorter in the previously injured limb compared to the uninjured (−0.4cm,d=0.65) and control (−0.6cm,d=0.67). BF was stiffer in the previously injured compared to uninjured (+9.2Nm−1,d=1.28). ST architecture and viscoelasticity were similar across limbs. Conclusion: A prior hamstring strain injury is associated with a stiffer BF characterized by larger PAs and shorter fascicles
Related Data for: Automated service height fault detection using computer vision and machine learning for badminton matches
No full textIn badminton, accurate service height detection is critical for ensuring fairness. We developed an automated service fault detection system that employed computer vision and machine learning, specifically utilizing the YOLOv5 object detection model. Comprising two cameras and a workstation, our system identifies elements, such as shuttlecocks, rackets, players, and players’ shoes. We developed an algorithm that can pinpoint the shuttlecock hitting event to capture its height information. To assess the accuracy of the new system, we benchmarked the results against a high sample-rate motion capture system and conducted a comparative analysis with eight human judges that used a fixed height service tool in a backhand low service situation. Our findings revealed a substantial enhancement in accuracy compared with human judgement; the system outperformed human judges by 3.5 times, achieving a 58% accuracy rate for detecting service heights between 1.150 and 1.155 m, as opposed to a 16% accuracy rate for humans. The system we have developed offers a highly reliable solution, substantially enhancing the consistency and accuracy of service judgement calls in badminton matches and ensuring fairness in the sport. The system’s development signifies a meaningful step towards leveraging technology for precision and integrity in sports officiation