IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences (IJOHS)
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A rare genetic disorder encountered in dentistry: a case of lipoid proteinosis
Full text linkLipoid proteinosis disease is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis first described by Urbach and Wiethe in 1929. This disease occurs as a result of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ECM1 gene located in the 1q21 chromosome region. Approximately 400 cases have been encountered in the literature to date. Although it is seen worldwide, a higher prevalence of has been observed in Europe and South Africa. Although this disease can be seen anywhere in the body, the upper respiratory tract and mouth are affected in the majority of patients. The first clinical sign in Lipoid Proteinosis patients is a weak and muffled cry caused by laryngeal infiltration that develops shortly after birth or during infancy. Skin and mucosal changes develop during the first few years of life and later. Intraoral symptoms include macroglossia due to infiltration of waxy yellowish-white plaques and nodules, fissured macrocheilia, and nodular thickened mucosa. The prognosis of Lipoid Proteinosis disease is good and there is no specific treatment. Dentists are in the earliest position to diagnose Lipoid Proteinosis and help provide appropriate treatment to improve the quality of life impaired by the disease
Digital fabrication of flanges in removable partial dentures: a step-by-step workflow
Full text linkThe fabrication of flanges in removable partial dentures (RPD) traditionally entails labour-intensive manual manipulation of materials such as wax to sculpt and shape the flanges according to the patient's oral anatomy. This method requires a high level of skill and precision from dental technicians to ensure the final prosthesis fits comfortably and functions effectively. While most RPD framework designs are now executed digitally, the arrangement of artificial teeth and flanges often remains a manual process. This is primarily due to the scarcity of suitable software capable of designing flanges using computer-aided design (CAD) technology. This report addresses this challenge by presenting an alternative approach to flange design using the CAD software of 3Shape Dental System. By utilizing the software's function for custom tray design, we developed the flanges with the aid of abutment teeth, artificial teeth and framework, thereby improving the accuracy of gingival anatomy in flange fabrication
The effectiveness of lumbar stabilisation exercises on pain and functional disability among patients with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
Full text linkCore stability exercises have emerged as a crucial intervention for managing and preventing back pain, a pervasive condition affecting millions globally. Back pain frequently arises and persists due to deficiencies or imbalances in core muscles. As a result, engaging in targeted core-strengthening exercises is thought to not only reduce pain but also greatly boost functional capabilities and improve overall quality of life. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PEDro) was conducted to find experimental studies focusing on the impact of core stability exercises on back pain and functional independence in adults with nonspecific back pain. Out of 250 identified studies, 228 titles and abstracts were reviewed, resulting in the exclusion of 122. Among the remaining 106 articles, 93 full texts were retrieved and evaluated for eligibility. Ultimately, 8 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. Out of the eight studies, two reported no improvement in pain reduction compared to control groups. For disability, six studies assessed the outcome, of which three reported no improvement compared to control groups. The remaining studies demonstrated greater effectiveness of core stability exercises in reducing both pain and disability. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating core stability exercises into treatment plans for NSLBP and emphasize the need for tailored exercise programs to optimize outcomes.
Potential of Cananga odorata and Citrus limon essential oils in modulating NOTCH1 signalling for non-melanoma skin cancer treatment
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Natural products have drawn increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents, particularly for their anticancer properties. Essential oils (EOs) from Cananga odorata (CO) and Citrus limon (CL) are well-known for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities, yet their ability to suppress skin cancer cell growth remains uncertain. Whereas NOTCH1 signalling pathway plays an oncogenic role in cancer development due to uncontrolled cell proliferation. This study evaluates the antiproliferative effects of CO and CL EOs on skin cancer cells by examining their impact on NOTCH1 gene expression and protein secretion. Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) and skin carcinoma (A431) cell lines were treated with DMSO-dissolved cisplatin and varying concentrations (125, 250, and 500 ?g/ml) of CO or CL EO for 24 hours. Cellular morphology was observed under 20–40x magnification, while qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to measure NOTCH1 gene expression and protein secretion. In A431 cells, CO EO at 125 ?g/ml significantly downregulated NOTCH1 gene expression compared to untreated cells, with levels lower than those induced by cisplatin. In contrast, CL EO at the same concentration upregulated NOTCH1 gene expression. At higher EO concentrations, both CO and CL EOs exhibited effects similar to cisplatin, with increased NOTCH1 protein secretion, likely resulting from apoptosis or necrosis-associated membrane leakage. These findings underscore the potential of natural products, particularly CO EO as an anticancer agent via modulation of NOTCH1 signalling. Further studies are essential to unravel the precise mechanisms by which these EOs affect A431 cells, advancing their potential use in skin cancer therapy
Prosthetic rehabilitation of a severely resorbed ridge using a maxillary complete denture opposing a mandibular implant-supported overdenture: a case report
Full text linkA 64-year-old patient was referred to the prosthodontics clinic with a history of two failed mandibular dentures and significant functional impairment. The patient had been completely edentulous since the age of 40 due to advanced chronic periodontal disease. She experienced progressive loss of retention and stability of the mandibular prostheses, resulting in discomfort, pain, and difficulty with speech and mastication. The intraoral examination revealed severe alveolar bone resorption of both arches, shallow palatal vault, and reduced maxillary and mandibular arch height and width. The existing dentures, partially lined with soft lining material, exhibited poor retention and stability. The maxillary denture lacked posterior seal, and the mandibular denture, despite adequate extension, was considered intolerable. A treatment plan consisting of a combination of maxillary conventional complete denture and mandibular implant-supported overdenture was executed. This approach was found to be a clinically effective, cost-efficient, and predictable solution in addressing the patient’s concern for improved oral function
Antimicrobial properties of local Kelulut honey against selected oral pathogens
Full text linkThere are limited reports on the antimicrobial properties of Kelulut honey against oral pathogens. Hence, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial properties of local Kelulut honeys obtained from the Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and Tangkak, Johor, Malaysia. The samples were mixed with sterile deionised water to obtain series of honey concentrations and evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis using agar well diffusion method. Bacteria S. mutans and S. aureus were grown anaerobically on Mueller-Hinton agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, while fungi, C. albicans and C. tropicalis were grown on Sabouraud Dextrose agar at 25°C for 48 hours. Cultures were prepared in triplicates and adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard (1 x 108 CFU/ml). Wells (6 mm diameter) were made on the agar, and 60 µl of honey at concentrations of 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.75 g/ml were added onto each well. Sterile deionised water was used as negative control, and 0.2% chlorhexidine as positive control. Upon incubation, the zones of inhibition were measured using a digital calliper. Both Kelulut honeys exhibited zones of inhibition against S. mutans at 2.5, 2.0 and 1.5 g/ml whereas for S. aureus, the inhibition was noticed only at 2.5 and 2.0 g/ml. No inhibition zones were observed against C. albicans and C. tropicalis at any concentration. This study showed that both Kelulut honeys exhibited antibacterial properties against S. mutans and S. aureus but did not exhibit antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis
The reasons for seeking dental services from unqualified operators: A qualitative study
Full text linkDental services are widely available in Malaysia, but individuals are continuously reported seeking the services of non-dentist. This study was aimed at exploring the reasons for seeking dental services by individuals from unqualified operators. A qualitative study was carried out and recruited individuals who sought dental treatment from the operators. The participants were identified from the operators’ online advertisement, social media and using a snowball sampling method. Interviews were conducted face-to-face and through online meetings and recorded digitally. Structured, open-ended, and probing questions were asked using a list of topical guided questions. The recordings were transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out using Atlas.ti Version 9. The eight participants included in this study had fitted orthodontic appliances and dental veneers, and tooth whitening services done by unqualified operators. The reasons were classified into two main themes. The dental aesthetic reasons are related to the dissatisfaction with teeth presentation including malocclusion, dental spacing and teeth whitening. The theme of non-dental related reasons is categorised into four subthemes: following the trend, cost of services, naïve and access to services. The reasons for seeking dental services from unqualified operators are multifactorial. Individuals who seek services from unqualified operators have a valid need for treatment, but their decision is strongly influenced by non-dental reasons, of which the high cost of treatment at private dental clinics and being naïve about dental services are likely the most important. More public campaigns should be done to educate and raise awareness on the issue to the public
Stereolithography (STL) model in dental autotransplant: A case report
Full text linkThe goal of this case report was to describe the use of the stereolithography (STL) model in dental autotransplantation. This report described autotransplantation of the lower wisdom tooth (48) to replace a missing lower first molar (46) due to caries. This approach used an STL model of 48 fabricated in the laboratory from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to assist in recipient site preparation before autotransplant. In conclusion, the use of the STL model could potentially increase the success rate of autotransplantation as it can help to preserve the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on the root surface of the donor tooth, shorten the extraoral time of the donor tooth, and provide optimum contact between the recipient bone and the root surface of the transplanted tooth
The resurrection of an immature upper anterior tooth: A case report
Full text linkRevascularization of necrotic dental pulp has regained interest as an alternative treatment for immature permanent teeth. An 18-year-old female patient was referred for management of an immature upper anterior tooth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Patient presented with an unsightly tooth 21 with no symptoms. Patient experienced dental trauma approximately 10 years ago. Clinical examination revealed a light-yellow discoloration with Class IV composite restoration on tooth 21, no carious lesion, Grade 1 tooth mobility, tenderness to percussion, and probing depths within normal limit. Periapical radiograph of tooth 21 revealed a periapical lesion, root of normal length but thin root dentin, and an open apex. Revascularization of tooth 21 was carried out in two visits. The first visit focused on disinfection of the root canal, while the second visit focused on the induction of bleeding followed by placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The 6-month and 24-month follow-up visits revealed an absence of periapical lesion, although a significant reduction in the size of root apex could not be observed. An immature permanent tooth presents clinical challenges that affects both the short-term and the long-term treatment outcomes, therefore, an appropriate case selection taking into consideration various factors, and the skills and experience of the clinician are of upmost importance to ensure the predictability of the treatment provided. This procedure could eliminate intraradicular infection, however, increased dentin thickness on the root canal wall could not be observed, suggesting an indeed challenging procedure despite meticulous technical steps to perform the procedure
