IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences (IJOHS)
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Knowledge and perception of flexible partial dentures among private dental practitioners in Kuantan, Malaysia
Full text linkNylon-based thermoplastic dentures offer enhanced flexibility compared to conventional dentures, thus improving patient comfort and acceptance. Despite growing patient demand for flexible dentures, their prescription amongst early-career dental practitioners is poor. This study assessed the levels of knowledge and perception of flexible partial dentures among private dental practitioners in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, with specific attention to potential differences between practitioners with <10 and more or equals to 10 years of clinical practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted using validated, self-administered questionnaires distributed to 73 dental practitioners in Kuantan, yielding 63 responses (38 female, 25 male). Respondents were stratified into two cohorts: Group A (n=28, <10 years’ experience), and Group B (n=35, more of equals to 10 years’ experience). High knowledge levels and positive perceptions were observed across both groups, with total mean scores of approximately 9 observed in each cohort. Statistical analysis showed no significant inter-group differences in mean scores for knowledge and perception (p >0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between groups regarding mean knowledge scores or perception agreement frequencies. These findings suggest that private dental practitioners in Kuantan demonstrated substantial understanding and favorable attitudes towards flexible partial dentures, independent of years of clinical experience
The current status of intentional replantation: a narrative review
Full text linkIntentional replantation which has been practiced since the 1940s has evolved from its initial position as a final course of treatment to a viable alternative for managing failed root canal treatment. This review provides an overview of the current status of intentional replantation, clinical considerations prior to intentional replantation procedure, treatment outcomes and to explore future direction in this field. A literature search was conducted via Google Scholar using the search terms ‘tooth reimplantation’ and ‘intentional replantation’, and PubMed using the search terms ‘tooth reimplantation AND endodontics’, and ‘intentional replantation’ AND endodontics’ for English language publications from January 2000 to December 2024. Additional relevant articles were identified through manual review of reference list from selected publications. Findings from this review indicate that favourable treatment outcomes can be achieved depending on several critical factors such as the access and understanding of current intentional replantation protocols, meticulous preoperative assessments, careful case selection criteria, adherence to established extra-oral manipulation time limitations during the procedure, and implementation of atraumatic tooth extraction techniques to prevent root damage
Association of periodontal status and metabolic control in periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia
Full text linkEvidence establishes diabetes mellitus (DM) as a significant risk factor for periodontitis. Periodontitis with DM patients exhibit more pronounced periodontal loss, elevated clinical attachment levels (CAL), and deeper periodontal pockets. This study aims to determine the association between periodontal status and metabolic control indicators in periodontitis with type 2 DM patients. A retrospective record review study was conducted from 2015 to 2024 at Periodontal Clinic, Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia. All data of periodontitis with Type 2 DM patients were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 29.0. Demographic data was analysed descriptively and Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association between periodontal status and metabolic control indicators. Fourty two periodontitis patients were included with the mean (SD) age of 59.26 (9.97) years and male predominance (61.9%). Most patients were Malay (97.6%), and 28.6% had blood pressure of more than 140/90 mmHg. Periodontal status revealed 61.9% of patients were in stage 3 and 14.3% in stage 4 with grade B periodontitis was the most common (59.5%). Metabolic control indicators showed 64.3% of patients has HbA1c of ?7.0%, 83.3% has fasting blood glucose of >6.0 mmol/L, and 54.8% with LDL of >2.6 mmol/L. Fisher’s exact test analysis shows no significant association between periodontal severity and metabolic control indicators, including HbA1c (p=0.513), fasting blood glucose (p=0.539), and fasting lipid profiles (p? 0.05). The findings highlight a high prevalence of severe periodontitis among patients with poor glycemic control. However, no significant association of periodontal status and metabolic control indicators
Small but significant: behavioural modifications for enhanced oral health and prevention of the tooth death spiral
Full text linkFracture resistance of direct composite and composite onlay on endo-treated upper premolar with MOD cavity
Full text linkEndodontically-treated teeth are weaker than vital teeth due to extensive missing sound tooth structure and the endodontic treatment. The restoration choice for an endodontic treatment tooth (ETT) determines the ETT’s survival. This study aims to investigate the fracture resistance and mode of direct composite restoration and direct composite onlay with cuspal coverage on endodontically-treated upper premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity. Twenty sound upper premolars were collected from local dental clinics, mounted in cold-cure acrylic and stored in normal saline. Teeth were subjected to root canal treatment (RCT), followed by MOD cavity preparation. The teeth were randomly and equally divided into two groups (Groups A and B). Group A (n = 10) were restored with direct composite restoration, whereas Group B (n = 10) were prepared occlusally and restored with direct composite onlay restoration. All teeth were subjected to a compressive axial load test using a universal testing machine (Instron 3369, United State) with a metal ball sized 4 mm at 1mm/min of crosshead speed until a fracture occurred. The fracture mode was analysed under a stereomicroscope with 0.68 magnifications. A statistical analysis of fracture resistance and fracture mode was performed using a paired T-test. The mean fracture resistance value was 431.37 N for group A and 1158.34 N for group B, with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) between these two groups. Endodontically-treated upper premolar with MOD cavities restored with direct composite onlay restoration exhibited higher fracture resistance than direct composite restoration. In addition, the mode of fractures was not affected by the types of restoration
Patient satisfaction toward aesthetic and functional outcomes: a comparative study of acrylic vs. cobalt-chrome removable partial dentures
Full text linkRemovable partial dentures (RPD) are effective prostheses for restoring both function and aesthetics following tooth loss. Patient satisfaction with RPD functional and aesthetic outcomes is critical in determining the success of RPD therapy. This study aimed to evaluate and compare patient satisfaction with the function and aesthetics of acrylic and cobalt chrome (Co-Cr) RPD and identify factors affecting patients' satisfaction with RPD. Ninety-one patients who received RPD from undergraduate dental students from Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD), IIUM, participated in this study. The number of RPD issued for these patients was 150 units, with 121 (80.7%) acrylic and 29 (19.3%) Co-Cr RPD. Patients completed validated questionnaires consisting of four sections: demographics information, patient satisfaction towards the function of RPD, patient satisfaction towards aesthetics of RPD and patient perception towards retention and stability of RPD. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 25. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyse and compare patient satisfaction levels of RPD. A chi-square test was used to examine patients’ perceptions of retention and stability of their RPD. Analysis was set as p<0.05 with a 95% confidence interval as statistically significant. The majority of patients reported greater functional and aesthetic satisfaction with acrylic removable partial dentures (RPDs) compared to cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) RPDs. There was no significant relationship between patient satisfaction with retention and stability of RPD. In conclusion, acrylic RPDs were perceived to be superior to Co-Cr RPDs, and patient satisfaction was not influenced by the retention or stability of the RPDs
Orthodontic and periodontal health interplay: insight from a case series
Full text linkOrthodontic treatment improves dental aesthetics and function but may presents challenges in patients with compromised periodontal health. This case series highlights the importance of interdisciplinary care and patient compliance in managing these complexities. Three female patients aged 27 to 42 years old with histories of orthodontic treatment were referred to Periodontology Postgraduate Clinic for further periodontal management. All patients showed periodontal deterioration post-orthodontic treatment, with complications such as gingival inflammation, deep probing pocket depth (PPD), increased tooth mobility and severe bone loss involving lower incisors. Improper plaque control and non-compliance with retainers may contributed to these outcomes. All patients reported being unaware of their periodontal issues prior to this except the ones affected by tooth mobility. Following thorough periodontal examination, each patient was informed about the importance of proper plaque control and regular maintenance visits especially in patients with any appliance intraorally, as these appliances would promote bacterial plaque retention. The patients were then received non-surgical periodontal therapy, with regular follow-ups before periodontal stability achieved. This case series emphasizes the need for early periodontal screening, continuous monitoring, and interdisciplinary collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists. Patient compliance is crucial to prevent periodontal complications and to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic results during orthodontic therapy
Integration of Islamic principles in healthcare delivery: a narrative review
Full text linkThe integration of Islamic principles in healthcare services offers several benefits. This approach fosters a more inclusive healthcare environment by recognizing and respecting the cultural and religious values of both Muslim and non-Muslim patients. However, the extent to which Islamic principles have been integrated into healthcare services remains unclear. This review aims to collate and analyse existing evidence on the implementation of Islamic principles within the healthcare delivery system. Relevant literature was identified through databases including IIUM Research Repositories (IREP), ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, SCOPUS, ProQuest, Emerald, PubMed, and BMJ. Search terms included combinations of the following keywords: Clinical, Shariah-compliant, Muslim, Religion, Medical, Muslim-friendly, Cultural competence, and Spiritual care, using Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” The search was limited to articles published in English, Malay, and Indonesian. Each article was reviewed, and relevant information extracted from them was incorporated into this review. The review found that integrating Islamic principles into healthcare services is complex and influenced by various factors, including understanding religious beliefs, adherence to Islamic teachings, and the interaction of cultural norms within healthcare. Three key components related to Islamic healthcare services were identified: (a) global healthcare service management, (b) patient satisfaction with service delivery, and (c) the behaviour of healthcare professionals. In conclusion, there remain gaps and disparities in integrating Islamic principles into healthcare services. Further research is recommended to explore the integration of Islamic principles in healthcare services globally
Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess the psychological impact and fearfulness of COVID-19 among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients
Full text linkThe outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a serious and uncertain condition, including an abrupt national economy and increased psychological distress especially among vulnerable population such as people living with HIV (PLHIV). Fear of infection, prolonged lockdown and isolation, and stigma merged with mental health burden for this group. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing the psychological impact and fearfulness related to COVID-19 among HIV patients. The questionnaire was developed through a comprehensive literature review, followed by expert validation and statistical reliability testing. Content and face validity were conducted by medical, psychological, and public health professionals. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were analysed using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlation. The final questionnaire included two domains: psychological impact (10 items) and fearfulness (14 items), each with a Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI) of 1.0. Face validity scores exceeded 90% in clarity, readability, and layout. Cronbach’s alpha for psychological impact and fearfulness was 0.81 and 0.92, respectively. A test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.728 indicated strong stability. In conclusion, this validated questionnaire is a reliable tool for measuring psychological and emotional responses to COVID-19 among HIV patients, offering insight into their mental health needs during public health crises
Tools to evaluate the impact of nutrition delivery on muscle and physical-related outcomes in critical care: a scoping review
Full text linkUnderstanding the impact of nutrition delivery on critically ill patient-centered outcomes is crucial. Patient-centered outcomes should be physical-related due to the natural course of catabolism experienced during critical illness. This review aims to map the existing tools used in research to evaluate the impact of nutrition delivery on muscle and physical-related outcomes among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, initially yielding 502 articles published since 2010 on the topic using search terms related to ICU patients, muscle and physical outcomes, and nutrition delivery. Articles were screened based on inclusion criteria, resulting in 45 articles included in the analysis. Findings indicated that the outcome domains used ranged from muscle strength, muscle mass, to function. Imaging techniques and performance-based measures were the most used type of tools, with varying comprehensiveness, precision, simplicity, and feasibility. Despite most studies using repeated measurements throughout ICU stays, challenges in performing comprehensive assessments were reported. This review provides an overview of the assessment tools utilized in ICU nutritional research, highlighting the variability of choice that can be suited with researcher’s objectives and the availability of resources. To improve consistency and comparability across studies, future research should focus on developing standardized protocols for selecting appropriate tools to measure the effects of nutrition delivery on muscle and physical-related outcomes