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Double-Sided Epitaxial Structure with Quantum Dots-Embedded Porous GaN for Enhanced Color Conversion
No full textQuantum dot enhancement films (QDEFs) have been widely used in mini-light-emitting-diode (mini-LED) backlight displays to meet the Rec. 2020 standard; however, these films consume excessive quantum dot (QD) materials and yield low light conversion efficiencies. Porous GaN has recently emerged as a promising alternative to the QDEFs approaches, owing to its ability to considerably enhance light conversion efficiency and reduce the consumption of QD materials. A novel double-sided epitaxial structure is proposed in which a blue LED epitaxial layer is grown on one side of a sapphire substrate, and a QD-embedded porous GaN layer is deposited on the opposite side. The proposed structure separates the porous layer from the LED epitaxial layer, unlike conventional monolithic porous GaN LED structures, thus enabling simultaneous optimization of light absorption and LED performance. The proposed structure with green and red QDs achieves light conversion efficiencies of 59% and 90%, respectively. The color gamut covers ≈122% of the National Television System Committee (1953) standard and 91% of the Rec. 2020 standard. These results suggest the potential of integrating QD-based color conversion layers into mini-LED backlight displays to develop next-generation display technologies. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.FALSEsciescopu
Design of Double-Sided Optical Coatings for Space Cooling Through Vertical Windows
No full textPassive radiative cooling is a promising energy-saving strategy for space cooling. Dual-sided thermal emitters offer efficient heat removal from enclosed spaces; however, existing studies predominantly focus on rooftop applications, with limited attention to vertical surfaces, such as walls and windows. Here, a dual-sided radiative cooling glass (DSRCG) tailored for vertical applications proposed, enhancing enclosure cooling. The DSRCG incorporates multilayer epsilon-near-zero materials, including Al2O3 and Si3N4, layered on a double-sided indium-tin-oxide-coated glass. The outward side of the DSRCG exhibits angular-selective emission for efficient heat dissipation, while the inward side minimizes thermal radiation into enclosures. The visibly transparent layers enable a visible transmittance exceeding 72%. The simulation results demonstrate that the DSRCG reduces heat transfer to enclosures by 15 W m-2 compared with the conventional glass (C-glass) at ambient temperatures above 30 degrees C. These findings highlight the DSRCG's potential as an energy-saving window for reducing space-cooling energy usage.TRUEscopu
Bioinformatic approaches to blood and tissue microbiome analyses: challenges and perspectives
No full textAdvances in next-generation sequencing have resulted in a growing understanding of the microbiome and its role in human health. Unlike traditional microbiome analysis, blood and tissue microbiome analyses focus on the detection and characterization of microbial DNA in blood and tissue, previously considered a sterile environment. In this review, we discuss the challenges and methodologies associated with analyzing these samples, particularly emphasizing blood and tissue microbiome research. Key preprocessing steps-including the removal of ribosomal RNA, host DNA, and other contaminants-are critical to reducing noise and accurately capturing microbial evidence. We also explore how taxonomic profiling tools, machine learning, and advanced normalization techniques address contamination and low microbial biomass, thereby improving reliability. While it offers the potential for identifying microbial involvement in systemic diseases previously undetectable by traditional methods, this methodology also carries risks and lacks universal acceptance due to concerns over reliability and interpretation errors. This paper critically reviews these factors, highlighting both the promise and pitfalls of using blood and tissue microbiome analyses as a tool for biomarker discovery.TRUEsciescopu
Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting from Asymmetric Dual-lens Stereo
No full textModern devices commonly deploy multiple cameras, such as dual-lens camera systems on smartphones. Because the field-of-views differ between the cameras, image resolutions in overlapping regions can vary. Unfortunately, feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) methods are designed only for images with the same resolutions, which limits their performance with dual-lens images. We observe that existing works struggle to preserve high-frequency details and to account for 3D geometry from images with different resolutions and narrow baselines. In this paper, we propose a novel feed-forward 3DGS method that handles dual-lens inputs. To do this, we first consider a dual-lens camera system as a cross-scale input. We then adopt a coarse-to-fine feature encoding strategy to enhance low-resolution image features by leveraging geometric information from a depth foundation model. We improve low-resolution images to provide high-frequency details using a cross-scale enhancement module. Finally, we predict Gaussian parameters through a decoding unit to yield 3D Gaussian primitives. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on various datasets.Master1. Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Contribution of This Thesis 2
2 Related Work 5
2.1 Novel View Synthesis 5
2.2 Feed-forward Radiance Field 6
2.3 Dual-lens Image Processing 7
3 Preliminaries 9
3.1 Feed Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting 9
3.2 Spatial Propagation 9
4 Methodology 10
4.1 Dual-lens Stereo Input 10
4.2 Coarse-to-Fine Pipeline 11
4.3 Fine Networks for d^fine, f^fine 13
4.3.1 Depth Enhancement Module (DEM) 14
4.3.2 Gaussian feature Refinement Module (GRM) 16
4.4 Training Loss 16
5 Experiments 18
5.1 Experimental setup 18
5.1.1 Implementation Details 18
5.1.2 Dataset 19
5.1.3 Comparison Methods 19
5.2 Experimental Results 20
5.2.1 Evaluation on Re10k and ACID 20
5.2.2 Zero-shot Validation 22
5.2.3 Experiment on Baseline Variations 23
5.2.4 Experiments in-the-wild 24
5.3 Ablation Study 25
5.3.1 Depth Enhancement Module (DEM) 26
5.3.2 Gaussian feature Refinement Module (GRM) 26
5.3.3 Cross-scale Enhancement Module 26
5.3.4 Spatial Propagation 26
5.3.5 Depth Foundation Model 27
6 Conclusion 29
6.1 Limitation & Future Works 2
TMEM135 deficiency improves hepatic steatosis by suppressing CD36 in a SIRT1-dependent manner
Get PDFObjectives: Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis pathway causes many liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis. One of the primary factors contributing to lipid accumulation is fatty acid uptake by the liver. Transmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135), which exists in mitochondria and peroxisomes, participates in intracellular lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate the role of TMEM135 on regulating cellular lipid import in the liver. Methods: We used in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models of steatosis. TMEM135 knockout (TMEM135KO) and wild type (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hepatic steatosis. Primary mouse hepatocytes and AML12 cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA). Additionally, TMEM135-deficient stable cells and overexpressed cells were established using AML12 cells. Results: TMEM135 deficiency mitigated lipid accumulation in the liver of HFD-fed TMEM135KO mice. TMEM135-depleted primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells exhibited less lipid accumulation when treated with FFA compared to control cells, as shown as lipid droplets. Consistently, the effect of TMEM135 depletion on lipid accumulation was completely reversed under TMEM135 overexpression conditions. CD36 expression was markedly induced by HFD or FFA, which was reduced by TMEM135 depletion. Among the SIRT family proteins, only SIRT1 expression definitely increased in the liver of HFD-fed TMEM135KO mice along with a significant increase in NAD+/NADH ratio. However, inhibition of SIRT1 in TMEM135-depleted cells using siSIRT1 or the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 resulted in an increase of CD36 expression and consequent TG levels. Conclusions: TMEM135 depletion attenuates CD36 expression in a SIRT1-dependent manner, thereby reducing cellular lipid uptake and hepatic steatosis. © 2024TRUEsciescopu
Halogenated bisphenol F compounds: Chlorination-mediated formation and photochemical fate in sunlit surface water
No full textHalogenated bisphenol compounds are prevalent in urban water systems and may pose greater environmental risks than their bisphenol precursors. This study explored the formation of halogenated bisphenol F (BPF) in water chlorination and their subsequent transformation behaviors in receiving waters. The kinetics and pathways of BPF halogenation with chlorine, bromine, and iodine were firstly investigated. BPF chlorination followed second-order kinetics, with pH-dependent second-order rate constants (kapp) ranging from 1.0 M−1 s−1 at pH 5.0 to 50.4 M−1 s−1 at pH 9.0. The kapp of BPF with bromine and iodine were 4 − 5 orders of magnitude higher than those of chlorine. The degradation potential of halogenated BPF products in sunlit surface waters was also evaluated, focusing on both direct and indirect photolysis. Indirect photolysis, involving reactions with excited triplet state of CDOM (3CDOM*), •OH and 1O2, emerged as the primary degradation pathway for BPF, while both direct photolysis and indirect photolysis with 3CDOM* predominated for mono- and dihalogenated BPF products. Compared with BPF, the photodegradation of halogenated products was significantly enhanced. Photolysis experiments in wastewater-receiving wetland water demonstrated effective degradation of halogenated BPF products, highlighting the pivotal role of sunlight in their environmental fate. Overall, this study advances understanding of the formation and fate of halogenated BPF products and provides valuable insights for managing the environmental impacts of these emerging contaminants. © 2024 Elsevier LtdFALSEsciescopu
Advancing brain drug delivery: Focused magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic particle imaging for real-time BBB modulation
No full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for brain protection but limits therapeutic delivery for neurological disorders. This study utilizes magnetic hyperthermia (MH) to transiently and reversibly open the BBB, with magnetic particle imaging (MPI) enabling real-time, high-sensitivity monitoring. Using field-free point (FFP)-based focused heating, MH facilitated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) penetration into the brain and prolonged retention in the target area. Fluorescence imaging was confirmed on Evans blue staining to analyze BBB permeability immediately after MH, while MPI quantification revealed significant MNPs accumulation at target sites in focused-heated groups compared to non-heated controls. Fluorescence images further showed that BBB permeability restored after 24 hours, though MNPs retention persisted in heated regions for more than 72 hours. Fluorescence imaging confirms BBB permeability immediately after MH, while MPI provides both qualitative imaging and quantitative data on MNPs distribution and retention. These findings indicate that MPI can detect particle retention and distribution patterns that are not visible with Fluorescence imaging. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.TRUEscopu
Development and Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Catalytic Ozonation for Enhanced Micropollutant removal in Drinking Water Treatment
No full textNovelty detection in underwater acoustic environments for maritime surveillance using an out-of-distribution detector for neural networks
No full textReliable detection of unknown signals is essential for ensuring the robustness of underwa- ter acoustic sensing systems, particularly in maritime security and autonomous navigation. However, Conventional deep learning models often exhibit overconfidence when encoun- tering unknown signals and are unable to quantify predictive uncertainty due to their deterministic inference process. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novelty detection framework that integrates an out-of-distribution detector for neural networks (ODIN) with Monte Carlo (MC) dropout. ODIN mitigates model overconfidence and enhances the separability between known and unknown signals through softmax proba- bility calibration, while MC dropout introduces stochasticity via multiple forward passes to estimate predictive uncertainty—an element critical for stable sensing in real-world underwater environments. The resulting probabilistic outputs are modeled using Gaussian mixture models fitted to ODIN-calibrated softmax distributions of known classes. The Kullback–Leibler divergence is then employed to quantify deviations of test samples from known class behavior. Experimental evaluations on the DeepShip dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves, on average, a 9.5% and 5.39% increase in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and a 7.82% and 2.63% reduction in false positive rate at 95% true positive rate, compared to the MC dropout and ODIN baseline, respectively. These results confirm that integrating stochastic inference with ODIN significantly enhances the stability and reliability of novelty detection in underwater acoustic environments.TRUEsciescopu
Crystal structures of free-state tRNALeu reveal conformational flexibility of type-II tRNAs
No full textTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) are classified into type-I and type-II based on the length of their variable loops, with type-II characterized by an extended variable loop. While structures of type-I tRNAs have been well-documented, standalone structures of type-II tRNAs have not been reported. Here, we present the first crystal structures of two free-state type-II tRNAs, specifically tRNA(Leu) from Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Our structures reveal that the B. subtilis tRNA(Leu) anticodon stem-loop (ASL) retains its canonical conformation. The variable loops in both structures are well-defined, displaying a distinctive tetranucleotide loop conformation. Comparisons with type-I tRNA and biomolecule-bound tRNAs highlight the flexibility of the ASL, variable loop, and terminal CCA residues in type-II tRNAs, suggesting that this structural plasticity is crucial for their biological interactions and function. These findings provide new insights into the structural dynamics and functional roles of type-II tRNAs.TRUEsciescopu