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Detrimental Effects of β2-Microglobulin on Muscle Metabolism: Evidence From In Vitro, Animal and Human Research
No full textBackground: beta 2-Microglobulin (B2M) has garnered considerable interest as a potential pro-ageing factor, leading to speculation about its involvement in muscle metabolism and the development of sarcopenia, a key component of ageing phenotypes. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the impact of B2M on cellular and animal muscle biology, as well as its clinical implications concerning sarcopenia parameters in older individuals. Methods: In vitro myogenesis was induced in mouse C2C12 myoblasts with 2% horse serum. For in vivo research, C57BL/6 mice aged 3 months were intraperitoneally given 250 mu g of B2M daily, and muscular alterations were assessed one month later. Human blood samples were obtained from 158 participants who underwent assessments of muscle mass and function at an outpatient geriatric clinic affiliated with a teaching hospital. Sarcopenia and associated parameters were assessed using cut-off values specifically tailored for the Asian population. The concentration of serum B2M was quantified through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Recombinant B2M inhibited in vitro myogenesis by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, B2M significantly induced differential myotube atrophy via ROS-mediated ITGB1 downregulation, leading to impaired activation of the FAK/AKT/ERK signalling cascade and enhanced nuclear translocation of FoxO transcription factors. Animal experiments showed that mice with systemic B2M treatment exhibited significantly smaller cross-sectional area of tibialis anterior and soleus muscle, weaker grip strength, shorter grid hanging time, and decreased latency time to fall off the rotating rod, compared to untreated controls. In a clinical study, serum B2M levels were inversely associated with grip strength, usual gait speed and short physical performance battery (SPPB) total score after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, whereas sarcopenia phenotype score showed a positive association. Consistently, higher serum B2M levels were associated with higher risk for weak grip strength, slow gait speed, low SPPB total score, and poor physical performance. Conclusion: These results provide experimental evidence that B2M exerted detrimental effects on muscle metabolism mainly by increasing oxidative stress. Furthermore, we made an effort to translate the results of in vitro and animal research into clinical implication and found that circulating B2M could be one of blood-based biomarkers to assess poor muscle health in older adults.TRUEsciescopu
Multimodal Emotion Recognition Using Modality-Wise Knowledge Distillation
No full textMultimodal emotion recognition (MER) aims to estimate emotional states utilizing multiple sensors simultaneously. Most previous MER models extract unimodal representation via modality-wise encoders and combine them into a multimodal representation to classify the emotion, and these models are trained with an objective for the final output of the MER. If an encoder for a specific modality is optimized better than others at some point of the training procedure, the parameters for the other encoders may not be sufficiently updated to provide optimal performance. In this paper, we propose a MER using modality-wise knowledge distillation, which adapts the unimodal encoders using pre-trained unimodal emotion recognition models. Experimental results on CREMA-D and IEMOCAP databases demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed previous approaches to overcome the optimization imbalance phenomenon and could also be combined with these approaches effectively. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.TRUEsciescopu
Local enhancement of cationic charge density via polyamine side chain incorporation improves the selectivity of antimicrobial peptoids
No full textAntimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat to global health, necessitating the development of new therapeutics. Peptoids are synthetic analogs of peptides with an N-substituted glycine backbone and have been investigated for antimicrobial therapeutic applications due to their resistance to proteolysis and tunable structures. This study explores antimicrobial peptoids functionalized with polyamine side chains, leveraging the cationic nature of polyamines to enhance interactions with bacterial membranes. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted to elucidate the influence of polyamine chain length and density on antimicrobial potency and selectivity. The optimized peptoids demonstrated potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, while maintaining low cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that these peptoids employ multiple killing mechanisms, including membrane disruption, oxidative damage, and intracellular aggregation of proteins and nucleic acids. This work highlights the potential of polyamine-functionalized peptoids for developing next-generation antimicrobial agents and provides insights into the design principles for enhancing their efficacy and safety.FALSEsciescopu
DeepRNA-DTI: a deep learning approach for RNA-compound interaction prediction with binding site interpretability
No full textRNA-targeted therapeutics represent a promising frontier for expanding the druggable genome beyond conventional protein targets. However, computational prediction of RNA-compound interactions remains challenging due to limited experimental data and the inherent complexity of RNA structures. Here, we present DeepRNA-DTI, a novel sequence-based deep learning approach for RNA-compound interaction prediction with binding site interpretability. Our model leverages transfer learning from pretrained embeddings, RNA-FM for RNA sequences and Mole-BERT for compounds, and employs a multitask learning framework that simultaneously predicts both presence of interactions and nucleotide-level binding sites. This dual prediction strategy provides mechanistic insights into RNA-compound recognition patterns. Trained on a comprehensive dataset integrating resources from the Protein Data Bank and literature sources, DeepRNA-DTI demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods. The model shows consistent effectiveness across diverse RNA subtypes, highlighting its robust generalization capabilities. Application to high-throughput virtual screening of over 48 million compounds against oncogenic pre-miR-21 successfully identified known binders and novel chemical scaffolds with RNA-specific physicochemical properties. By combining sequence-based predictions with binding site interpretability, DeepRNA-DTI advances our ability to identify promising RNA-targeting compounds and offers new opportunities for RNA-directed drug discovery. The codes and data are publicly available at https://github.com/GIST-CSBL/DeepRNA-DTI/.TRUEsciescopu
Dual Chromic-Dichroic Modulation in Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Enantioselective Electrochromism
No full textPlasmonic electrochromic devices promise a vibrant, high-resolution color control for outdoor displays and optical memory, but achieving broadband tunability within a single nanopixel remains a challenge. Here, we present a chiral plasmonic metasurface composed of wafer-scale arrays of gold nanohelices conformally coated with polyaniline (PANI). The nanohelices give rise to strong circular dichroism, while the PANI shell enables the electrochromic modulation of plasmonic resonances, together realizing dual chromic-dichroic modulation. This plasmonic metasurface thus achieves polarization- and voltage-dependent color dynamics spanning a 287 nm spectral range with a sub-1 V operation. It operates at low power (1.3 mW/cm2), retains color states for over 15 min, and exhibits enantioselective electrochromism, where mirror-symmetric chiroptical dynamics enable multidimensional optical logic. A four-pixel prototype demonstrates 162 distinct optical states, establishing this scalable, energy-efficient metasurface as a promising platform for outdoor displays, encrypted optical memory, and reconfigurable photonic computing.FALSEsciescopu
NBBOX: Noisy Bounding Box Improves Remote Sensing Object Detection
No full textData augmentation has shown significant advancements in computer vision to improve model performance over the years, particularly in scenarios with limited and insufficient data. Currently, most studies focus on adjusting the image or its features to expand the size, quality, and variety of samples during training in various tasks including object detection. However, we argue that it is necessary to investigate bounding box transformations as a data augmentation technique rather than image-level transformations, especially in aerial imagery due to potentially inconsistent bounding box annotations. Hence, this letter presents a thorough investigation of bounding box transformation in terms of scaling, rotation, and translation for remote sensing object detection. We call this augmentation strategy NBBOX (Noise Injection into Bounding Box). We conduct extensive experiments on DOTA and DIOR-R, both well-known datasets that include a variety of rotated generic objects in aerial images. Experimental results show that our approach significantly improves remote sensing object detection without whistles and bells and it is more time-efficient than other state-of-the-art augmentation strategies. © 2004-2012 IEEE.FALSEsciescopu
3+1 formulation of light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics
No full textWe present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians, which include post-Maxwellian, Born-Infeld, ModMax, and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians. In nonlinear electrodynamics, strong electromagnetic fields modify the vacuum such that it acquires optical properties. Such a field-modified vacuum can possess electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, and a magneto-electric response, inducing novel phenomena such as vacuum birefringence. By exploiting the mathematical structures of Plebanski-type Lagrangians, we establish a streamlined procedure and explicit formulas to determine light modes, i.e., refractive indices and polarization vectors for a given propagation direction. We also work out the light modes of the various Lagrangians for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field. The 3+1 formulation advanced in this paper has direct applications to the current vacuum birefringence research: terrestrial experiments using permanent magnets/ultra-intense lasers for the subcritical regime and astrophysical observation of X-rays from highly magnetized neutron stars for the near-critical and supercritical regimes. © 2025 Author(s).TRUEsciescopu
Beyond Flat Personas: Facilitating Reflective Dialogue via Identity-Based Multi-Persona Agents
No full textIn contemporary society, individuals express their multifaceted identities through multiple SNS accounts, multiple profile settings, and metaverse avatars, revealing the limitations of conventional dialogue systems built around a flat persona. This study designs identity-based multi-personas that reflect users' multiple identities and narrative experiences, and integrates them into large language model-based conversational agents to investigate their impact on user experience through both quantitative and qualitative analyses. A user study involving 30 participants revealed that multi-personas with enhanced identity alignment had significant effects on self-awareness, self-reflection, self-acceptance, and self-authenticity compared to baseline personas. The findings indicate that stronger persona alignment fosters emotional expression and immersive engagement. This research suggests that conversational agents capable of understanding users more deeply can move beyond mere information delivery tools to serve as companions that support users' inner growth. It further proposes future directions for designing LLM-based dialogue systems that account for identity alignment and ethical autonomy.MasterⅠ. INTRODUCTION 1
Ⅱ. BACKGROUND 4
2. 1. Persona and Humanity: From User Archetypes to Human Simulacra 4
2. 2. Persona Components and Construction Approaches 5
2. 3. Persona Utilization Patterns in LLM-based Conversational Agents 7
2. 4. Self-Dialogue and the Reflective Potential of Conversational Agents 8
2. 5. Research Questions 10
Ⅲ. METHOD 12
3. 1. Multi-Persona Design 12
3. 2. Multi-Persona Pipeline 13
3. 3. Baseline Persona 14
3. 4. Persona Agents 15
Ⅳ. USER STUDY 19
4. 1. Participants 19
4. 2. Experimental Environment 19
4. 3. Procedure 20
4. 4. Topic Sampling 23
4. 5. Experimental Implementation 24
Ⅴ. RESULTS 26
5. 1. Quantitative Results 26
5. 1. 1. Persona Key Information 26
5. 1. 2. Evaluation of Augmented Experiences 28
5. 1. 3. Evaluation of Personas 29
5. 1. 4. Evaluation of Chat Experiences 30
5. 2. Qualitative Results 31
5. 2. 1. Relationship with Self-Representative Persona 32
5. 2. 2. Effect of Multi-Persona 34
5. 2. 3. Patterns of Satisfaction in Chat 38
5. 2. 4. Enhancement of Personal Mimicry in Multi-Persona Interaction 40
5. 2. 5. Applicability of Multi-Persona 41
Ⅵ. DISCUSSION 46
6. 1. Theoretical Interpretation of Key Findings 46
6. 2. Ethical Considerations in Multi-Persona Systems 48
6. 3. Design Implications 49
6. 4. Limitation and Future Work 51
Ⅶ. CONCLUSION 53
References 54
Appendices 67
Acknowledgments 7
Simultaneous Detection of Five Infectious Diseases in a Single Strip: Oligo dT-Utilized Lateral Flow Immunoassay
No full textThe need for accurate and simultaneous diagnosis of multiple respiratory infectious diseases has become increasingly critical due to ongoing viral mutations and the similarity of symptoms among various viruses. Here, we have advanced our detection capabilities by developing a multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) platform that integrates oligonucleotides and antibodies, enabling the simultaneous detection of five respiratory viruses: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A (FluA), Influenza B (FluB), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Adenovirus (ADV), on a single membrane. By applying the oligonucleotide and antibody-conjugated AuNPs, the platform enables highly sensitive and specific detection. In addition, signal amplification using RPA70A-conjugated gold nanoparticles that developed in the previous study can further be applied optionally for low-concentration biomarkers. Our interferences and cross-reactivity tests confirmed that these complexes do not produce false positives, substantiating the assay's utility in clinical settings. This platform, therefore, provides a robust solution for the precise and rapid diagnosis of complex viral infections, positioning it as suitable for application in pandemic response scenarios.FALSEsciescopu
Development of stretchable eletrode based on PEDOT:PSS/AgNWs and elastomer
No full textThe conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as an electrode material in stretchable electronics due to its high electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and solution processability. However, its application on elastomeric substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) faces several critical challenges, including interfacial mismatches, poor adhesion, insufficient conductivity, and limitations in patterning resolution and electrode interconnection. This study presents a novel methodology that addresses these issues. To enhance the poor adhesion between PDMS and PEDOT:PSS, the substrate surface was treated with (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS). This process creates robust covalent bonds between the epoxy groups of GPTMS and the sulfonate groups of PSS, securely anchoring the conductive layer. High-resolution patterns of up to 10 μm were achieved via indirect patterning technique using a polyimide (PI) film as a temporary mask, overcoming photolithography limitations. Furthermore, a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of a PEDOT:PSS/silver nanowires (AgNWs) and a polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution was employed to ensure both high conductivity and mechanical durability. This method, leveraging strong electrostatic forces for interlayer adhesion, resulted in an optimized electrode with a low sheet resistance of 35.06 Ω/sq (5 LBL cycles). Finally, reliable electrical connections between electrodes were established using a simple water-assisted welding technique. The practical feasibility of this integrated approach was successfully demonstrated by fabricating a LED device with a serpentine electrode, which maintained stable operation under a tensile strain of up to 15%. This work establishes an effective platform for producing precisely patterned, highly conductive, and robustly interconnected stretchable electrodes, paving the way for advanced wearable electronic systems.MasterAbstract i
Contents ii
List of figures ii
1. Introduction 1
2. Experiments 4
3. Result and Discussion 8
3.1. Surface modification for enhanced interfacial binding 8
3.1.1. Interfacial characterization via XPS 9
3.2. Electrical properties of PAP coating via spin-assisted LBL process 10
3.2.1. Multilayer PAP coating via spin-assisted LBL 10
3.2.2. Effect of glycerol and Triton-X 100 ratio on PEDOT:PSS property 12
3.2.3. Electrical properties of PAP electrodes 14
3.3. Patterning of solution-processed PAP electrodes 16
3.4. Demonstration of PAP-based electrodes for stretchable and wearable electronics 18
3.4.1. Electrical characteristics of PAP electrodes under mechanical deformation. 18
3.4.2. Lamination of GT-PEDOT:PSS electrodes via water-assisted welding 19
3.4.3. Lamination of PAP electrodes via water-assisted welding 21
4. Conclusion 23
5. Reference 2