eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Héritabilité de la récupération cardiaque chez le cheval d’endurance
No full textNational audienceLa récupération cardiaque est un paramètre déterminant du classement sur les épreuves d'endurance (80-160 km). La sélection génétique des chevaux d'endurance sur ce critère de récupération cardiaque pourrait avoir un intérêt pratique si l'héritabilité est suffisante. L'objectif de ce travail est d'estimer les paramètres génétiques (héritabilités et corrélations génétiques) des quatre variables qui caractérisent a récupération cardiaque au vet-gate : la fréquence cardiaque de récupération (FFCR), le temps moyen de récupération cardiaque (TTRC) et la vitesse moyenne (V. moy) pendant la course. La population est constituée de 4421 compétiteurs de pédigrée connu. L'héritabilité de chaque paramètre enregistré a été estimée en utilisant la méthode "Restricted Estimator of Maximal Likelihhood". Les héritabilités du TMRC (0,45) et du TTRC (0,30) sont assez élevées, tandis que celles de la V. moy (0.13) et de la FCR (0.07) sont faibles. D'autre part, une corrélation génétique négative assez forte (-0.62) a été estimée entre le TMRC et la V. moy. Le TMRC pourrait être un critère indirect de sélection, efficace pour améliorer les performances des chevaux d'endurance. Le temps de récupération cardiaque devrait être mesuré et affiché en corse au même titre que la vitesse et le classement de la course
Genetic structure of Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), moths responsible for lepidopterism outbreaks in French Guiana and Venezuela.
No full textGenetic structure of Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), moths responsible for lepidopterism outbreaks in French Guiana and Venezuela. . ICE 2016; XXV International Congress of Entomolog
Selecting on fat and protein content instead of milk yield would not improve dairy cows’ fertility
No full textTo compare reproductive performances of cows with high genetic merit for fat and protein content vs highgenetic merit for milk yield, an experiment was conducted on 500 cows at the INRA farm of Le Pin-au-Haras.The herd was composed of Holstein and Normande cows. In each breed, cows with high genetic merit for milkyield were classified in a ‘Milk Group’ (MG) and those with high genetic merit for fat and protein contentwere classified in a ‘Content Group’ (CG) with equivalent milk solids production over the lactation. Twograzing-based feeding systems were used, a ‘High’ (maize silage / grazing plus concentrate) and a ‘Low’ (grass silage / grazing with no concentrate) system. To study the different steps of the reproductive process, milk progesterone information (3/week), oestrous behaviour recording and pregnancy diagnosis (ultrasonography) were combined. Within breeds, cows in the CG had an earlier resumption of luteal activity than cows in the MG (-6 d, P=0.01). Occurrence of prolonged luteal phases was not related to genetic groups. Both genetic groups had similar ovulation detection rate and proportion of standing behaviour. No difference in fertility was found between genetic groups in Normande cows. Holstein cows in the CG showed more non-fertilization/ early embryo mortality in the Low system (+31 points, P=0.002) and more late embryo mortality/foetal death in the High system (+18 points, P=0.06). The MG was exporting more energy in early lactation because of a higher milk yield peak and the CG was exporting more energy in mid-lactation because of a better persistency. Trade-off between milk production and reproduction was not found: cows in the MG had a degraded cyclicity and those in the CG had a degraded fertility. Selecting dairy cows on fat and protein content may not be a promising way to maintain good productive and reproductive performances
Uncertainty functions of modelled soil organic carbon changes in response to crop management derived from a French long term experiments dataset
No full textThe land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities and crop management (CM) in Europe could be an important carbon sink through soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Recently, the (EU decision 529/2013) requires European Union's member states to assess modalities to include greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to LULUCF and CM into the Union's (GHG) emissions reduction commitment and their national inventories reports (NIR). Tier 1, the commonly used method to estimate emissions for NIR, provides a framework for measuring SOC stocks changes. However, estimations have high uncertainty, especially in response to crop management at regional and specific national contexts. Understanding and quantifying this uncertainty with accurate confidence interval is crucial for reliably reporting and support decision-making and policies that aims to mitigate greenhouse gases through soil C storage. Here, we used the Tier 3 method, consisting of process-based modelling, to address the issue of uncertainty quantification at national scale in France. Specifically, we used 20 Long-term croplands experiments (LTE) in France with more than 100 treatments taking into account different agricultural practices such as tillage, organic amendment, inorganic fertilization, cover crops, etc. These LTE were carefully selected because they are well characterized with periodic SOC stocks monitoring overtime and covered a wide range of pedo-climatic conditions. We applied linear mixed effect model to statistically model, as a function of soil, climate and cropping system characteristics, the uncertainty resulting from applying this Tier 3 approach. The model was fitted on the dataset yielded by comparing the simulated (with the Century model V 4.5) to the observed SOC changes on the LTE at hand. This mixed effect model will then be used to derive uncertainty related to the simulation of SOC stocks changes of the French Soil Monitoring Network (FSMN) where only one measurement is done in 16 Km regular grid. These simulations on the grid will be in turn used for NIR. Preliminary results suggest that the model do not adequately simulate SOC stocks levels but succeeds at capturing SOC changes due to management, despite the fact that the model does not explicitly simulate some management such as tillage. This is probably due to inappropriate model parametrization especially for crops and thus Cinput in the French context and/or model initialization
Temporal differentiation of soil biota communities and of trophic networks in response to arable crop management strategies
No full textEA BIOmEEABIOmEPromoting diverse and functional biological communities is an important objective of agroecology, with increasing attention given to the important role of soil biodiversity. In an experimental study conducted in actual field conditions, we followed over four years the dynamic of soil organisms from microorganisms to micro-, meso- and macro-fauna in a cropping system submitted to four different treatments that varied in tillage, residue management and N fertilization rate. Differentiation in taxonomic diversity, in the abundance and diversity of the multiple trophic groups and in food-web structure was evaluated. A co-statis analysis was used to investigate the joint dynamics of food-web structure and soil functions linked to C and N dynamics. Our study demonstrated a delayed but effective differentiation in soil biota diversity following implementation of the agricultural practices. Soil biodiversity varied throughout time with some groups responding more readily than others. While tillage appeared a main factor of influence, surprisingly little impact of residue management and nitrogen fertilization could be observed. Significant interactive effect of year and treatment was found on the mean trophic level and the bacterial to fungal path ratio, but not on the number of trophic groups and Shannon's link diversity. Finally, co-statis analysis revealed significant differences in co-dynamics between food-web structure and soil functions over four years, mainly drove by conventionally tilled vs reduced tilled treatments. Through its multi-taxonomic approach, the present study increases our understanding of the dynamic of soil communities in agricultural cropping systems and helps identify possible consequences for soil functioning
Impact of a genetic selection led on digestive efficiency on gut microbiota composition in broiler chicken
No full textImpact of a genetic selection led on digestive efficiency on gut microbiota composition in broiler chicken. 10. INRA-Rowett Symposium on Gut Microbiology. Twenty years and countin
Infestation de <em>Rhamphicarpa fistulosa</em> (Hoschst.) Benth. en riziculture de bas-fonds au nord du Togo
No full textSPE GESTAD AGROSUP INRANational audienceLe riz constitue de nos jours la base alimentaire de plus de 2,5 milliards de personnes en Afrique subsaharienne où sa demande ne cesse de croître. Pour faire face à cette demande qui dépasse souvent doublement les productions nationales, et pour diminuer ses importations sans cesse croissantes, le Togo à l’instar des pays ouest-Africains a élaboré un document stratégique qui mise sur l’extension et la productivité des rizières de bas-fond. Malheureusement, les bas-fonds rizicoles en Afrique tropicale sont souvent confrontés à la pression des adventices et plus particulièrement des adventices parasites de la famille des Orobanchaceae. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa, plante hémiparasite épirhize et facultative rencontrée dans les bas-fonds et plaines alluviales en Afrique tropicale est de plus en plus reportée comme une contrainte biotique majeure en riziculture de bas-fond. Des prospections réalisées en 2012 et 2013 au Nord du Togo ont permis de recenser 80% de 43 bas-fonds rizicoles infestés par R. fistulosa. Diverses analyses statistiques réalisées sur des données floristiques et d’enquêtes collectées sur le terrain ont permis de déterminer 1) l’influence potentielle des facteurs environnements et pratiques culturales sur la distribution et la sévérité de l’infestation et 2) l’impact du niveau d’infestation sur la diversité et la structure de la communauté adventice du riz. D’autre part, des expérimentations in situ, in vitro et en serre ont permis de déterminer la performance reproductive de R. fistulosa sur ces différents hôtes cultivées/ adventices et l’impact du parasitisme sur les caractéristiques agronomiques des hôtes. En perspective, l’étude permet aussi d’identifier les potentielles méthodes de gestion intégrée de cette plante parasite en riziculture de bas-fond
The Pig’s other genome: a reference gene catalogue of the gut microbiome
No full textInternational audienc
